Iwe wakayera zvinowedzera uye zvakashata uye wakasarudza kuti Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) ndiyo chirongwa chakanaka che mwana wako autistic. Iye zvino, iwe unosvika kumatare endarira kuti uone nguva, kupi, uye kuti mwana wako anonyatsoda kurapwa zvakadini.
40 Maawa pavhiki
Mabhuku acho anokurudzira maawa 40 pavhiki. Asi kurapa kwakanyanya kunodhura zvikuru uye kwakaoma kuwana.
Zvinonyatsokosha here kuti mwana ave nemaawa makumi mana eAA vhiki imwe neimwe kuti abudirire?
Vose Lovaas Institute (iyo yakatanga kushandiswa kweAAA kuAustism) uye Behavior Analyst Certification Board (iyo inodzidzisa ABA therapists) inoti "hongu." Maererano nevarume veLovaas: Zvibereko zvakanakisisa zvakawanikwa apo mwana anogamuchira maawa makumi mana evhiki yekurapa. Kupindira kunofanira kugara kwakasiyana, uye zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sezera remwana uye unyanzvi hwemazuva ano, huchaita kuti huwandu hwemaawa hunorudzirwa. Asi, maawa makumi mana pavhiki inoramba iri chimiro chinobva pakudarika.
Ichokwadi kuti zvose zviri zviviri masangano aya ari kutengesa ABA, izvo zvinoreva kuti vane chikonzero chakanakisisa chekuratidza kuti zvimwe ABA iri nani kudarika zvishoma.
Kudzidza Nhamba Yemaawa
Kune rumwe rutivi, vose vanotaura kuti nhamba yeawa inogona kuderedzwa nevana vane zviduku zvinetso uye inofanira kuderedzwa kwechinguva sezvo mwana achiwana unyanzvi.
Vanotaurawo kuti ABA inofanira kugoverwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, ivo pachavo uye mumapoka.
Kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa nehurumende isiri-ABA inoratidzika kunge inoratidza kuti maawa mashomanana angangobatsira. Asi kunyange zvakadaro, nguva yakawanda inoshandiswa pakurapa inoshamisa zvikuru. Nhamba dzinowanzotaurwa dzinotora 25-40 maawa pavhiki, vhiki imwe neimwe, kwemakore matatu.
Inoti Lovaas Institute inoti:
Chinangwa chemaawa makumi mana ekurapa ndechekupa mwana nekugadziriswa kwakarongeka zuva rese. Panguva yekugadziriswa kwakarongeka, nzvimbo yakarongeka inogadziriswa kubatsira kubatsira mwana kuramba achibudirira uye achidzidzisawo hutsva hutsva. Mukuwedzera, vabereki vanopiwa simba rokuramba vachipindira mumazuva ose emwana. Kakawanda vana vanosimudza vana vanodzidza kubva kune zvakasikwa zvakasikwa nguva dzose dzekumuka kwavo. Chinangwa chepurogiramu yakasimba ndechokubvumira mwana aine autism kudzidza kudzidza kudzidza mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo uye pakupedzisira anotora kusvika kune iye anowanzoita vezera.
Ko vana vanonyatsosangana nevanonyanya kufanana nevezera ravo neAAA yakasimba here?
Ichokwadi ndechokuti izvi hazviwanzoiti asi zvinoitika. Kazhinji, avo vana avo vano "tora" ndivo vainyanya kushanda kutanga uye kana vachikwanisa kushanda zvakanaka sevana vaduku, vanogona kutanga matambudziko matsva sezvavanotarisana nematambudziko akawanda evanhu mumakore apfuura.
Mune mamiriro ezvinhu akawanda, zvakadaro, vana vane autism hava "goni." Kunyange zvazvo vana vane autism vanogona kudzidza (mumatambudziko mazhinji) kuwana maitiro matsva uye "kudzima" vamwe, kazhinji vanosiyiwa nematambudziko makuru.
Uye, zvechokwadi, apo mwana ari kugamuchira ABA yakasimba kudaro, ane nguva shoma "yepamusoro" yekuzvipira kuhutano hunenge huchiri hwevana, zvido zvake, kana ukama. Ari kuraramawo munyika yakanyatsorongeka zvakasiyana zvikuru nezvakawanda zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinogona kureva kuti mwana ane autism, kusiyana neavo vezera rake, angave asina ruzivo rwezvinhu zvakadai semitambo yepamberi , mabasa emushure-chikoro, uye kumwe kubatana kwakakosha mukugamuchirwa kwevanhu. Inogonawo kukanganisa ruzivo rwomwana nekugadzirisa, kushanduka, uye humwe unyanzvi hunokosha.
Chimwe chinetseka chinodiwa nevabereki pavanotarisa zvakasimba ABA ndiyo mari.
Mashoko akanaka emhuri anosarudza ABA ndeyekuti inowanzovharwa (pane imwe nzvimbo) nezvikoro uye / kana inshuwarisi . Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvikoro zvichapa vadzidzi vaAAA-based classes munzvimbo yechikoro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inshuwarisi yehutano yega kana Medicaid ichabhadhara zvimwe zvevana vanaAAA. Paawa makumi mana nevhiki kwemakore matatu, zvisinei, mari "yakasara" inoshandiswa nemhuri inogona kuva yakakosha.
Sources:
"ABA Mirayiridzo yeAIDS." Behavior Analyst Certification Board. Webhu, 2014.
Lovaas, OI (1987). Maitiro ekurapa uye hutano hwemazuva ezvidzidzo uye zvepfungwa muvana vechidiki vechidiki. Nhaurirano yeBoning uye Clinic Psychology, 55, 3-9.
"Lovaas ABA Kuchengetedzwa kwevana vane Autism." Lovaas Institute. Webhu, 2013.
McEachin, JJ, Smith, T., & Lovaas, OI (1993). Nenguva yakareba yekuguma kwevana vane autism avo vakagamuchira kurapwa kwakanyanya kwekuita maitiro. American Journal Pamusoro Pokuzvidya Mwoyo, 97 (4), 359-372.
Inogutsa, Glen O. & Graupner, Tamlynn D. (2005). Kuchengetedza Kurapa Kwekuita Kwevana neAvism: Kubuda Kwemakore mana uye Kutarisa. Journal yeAmerica Pamusoro Pokutadza Kwemangariro, 110 (6), 417-438.
New York State Health Department Mazano