Zviratidzo zvevanhu paMugumo Wakakwirira weAustism Spectrum
Hapana hutano hunozivikanwa hunoti "mild autism." Asi kune vanhu vazhinji vezera rose avo vakaudzwa nevamwe (chiremba, chiremba, kana shamwari inofanirwa zvakanaka) kuti vane autism ine unyoro. Chii chaizvoizvo vanhu pavanoshandisa izwi?
The Confusing History yeChirungu kana yepamusoro Yakashanda Autism
Kudzoka muna 1980, "infantile autism" yakatsanangurwa, mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, sechirwere chakakomba uye chinokonzera.
Hapana ane autism chirwere chinotarisirwa kubudirira muchikoro, kuita shamwari, kana kubata basa. Muna 1994 chirwere chitsva, Asperger's Syndrome, chakawedzerwa kune bhuku rekuongorora. Vanhu vane Asperger's Syndrome, pavanenge vachifunga sevististic, vanogona kunge vakajeka, mazwi, uye vanogona.
Muna 2013, maitiro ekuongororwa akachinjwa zvakare. Asperger's Syndrome yakanyangarika, uye, panzvimbo yaro, bhuku racho ikozvino rinosanganisira kuongororwa kumwe chete kwevanhu vose vane autism: autism spectrum disorder . Vanhu vane autism spectrum disorder vangave kana kuti vangave vasina kutaura kwakanyanya kunonoka, kutarisa zvinokonzerwa nezvinetso, zviito zvisingazivikanwi, kana zvimwe zviratidzo. Nepo vanhu vose vane autism spectrum disorder vane matambudziko ekukurukurirana kwevanhu, matambudziko aya anobva kune zvakanyanyisa (kwete vanhu vanotaura maitiro ane utsinye) kune zvinyoro (zvinetso nekuverenga zvinyorwa, izwi rezwi, mutauro wemutauro, nezvimwewo).
Kunyange zvazvo mutsva wevistism spectrum disorder inosanganisira "mazinga ekutsigirwa," pfungwa yekutsanangura vamwe se "level 1 autism" haina kubata-zvikuru nokuti hapana munhu anoziva zvinoreva izvi. Vanhu vazhinji vakaramba vachishandisa izwi rokuti "Asperger syndrome," asi kunyange izwi iri harina kureva chinhu chakangofanana nekushanda kwakanaka kana kuchena.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo uye Zviratidzo zveUkudzivirira Kwechiito?
Vanhu vane autism spectrum disorder vanofanira kunge vane zvimwe zviratidzo kuitira kuti vakwanise kuongororwa. Kunyange vanhu vane autism ine unyoro, saka, vane matambudziko makuru ekuvandudza uye manzwiro ayo akaoma zvakakwana kuti apinde munzira yezvisizvo zviitiko uye hukama.
Kunyange zviratidzo izvi zvinofanira kuvapo vasati vava nemakore matatu, zvinowanzoitika kuti zviratidzo zvinotyisa zvisingaratidzikwi kusvikira mwana achiri muduku (kunyanya kuvasikana). Kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa kwenguva yekutanga mushure mekunge mwana ava nemakore matatu, havazokwanisi kubhadhara. Vanogona, zvisinei, vanoonekwa kuti vane Sangano reSocial Communication Disorder.
Kana mwana ari zvechokwadi autistic, zviratidzo zvake zvinosanganisira:
- Zvinetso nekukurukurirana shure-uye-kunze kunogona kusanganisira kuoma nekukurukurirana, mutauro, kutarisa kwemaziso, uye / kana chiso chekutaura.
- Dambudziko mukukudziridza nekuchengetedza ukama, kazhinji nekuda kwekutambudzika mukufungidzira, kuita shamwari, kana kugoverana zvido.
- Unofarira kudzokorora zviito zvakafanana, mabasa, kufamba, kana mazwi kakawanda, kunyange kana pasina chikonzero chakajeka chekuita kudaro (kuvhara zvigadzirwa nguva nenguva zvakare muenzaniso wekare);
- Zvinoremekedzwa zvinowanzova zvakasimba (muenzaniso unofananidzira ndewe mwana we autistic anonyatsozvitsaurira kumutambo wemavhidhiyo pamusoro paanoziva zvose zvaanofanira kuziva);
- Hyper- kana hyporeactivity kune inzwi inopinza (zvichida hazvioni kana kuti zvinonyanyisa kunzwisa inzwi, chiedza, kunhuwa, kurwadziwa, kubata, nezvimwewo)
Vanhu Vanorevei Pavanoti 'Uchivi Hwemoto'?
Saka, chiremba, mudzidzisi, kana mubereki anorevei pavanotaura kuti mwana wavo (kana mwana wenyu) ane "unyoro" autism? Sezvo pasina dudziro yepamusoro yezwi rokuti "unyoro autism," munhu wose anoshandisa ane pfungwa yakasiyana zvishoma yezvinorehwa.
- Dzimwe nguva izwi rinoshandiswa kana munhu ari pachena autistic, asi anewo mutauro unotaurwa uye humwe unyanzvi. Somuenzaniso, "Joey akajeka zvikuru uye anoita zvakanaka mukirasi, asi nokuti ane vanyoro autism ane nguva yakaoma yekuita shamwari."
- Izwi rinogonawo kushandiswa euphemistically kurondedzera mwana ane matambudziko asingatauri munyoro, asi ndiani anongotaura mazwi mashomanana. Somuenzaniso: "Ndinofara chaizvo kuona mwana wako ari kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemaoko kuti akumbire juice; anogona kungomuka ne autism yakaoma."
- Izwi rinogona kushandiswawo kubatsira kubatsira kutsanangura kurapwa kwesarudzo. Semuenzaniso: "Mwana wako ane autism ine unyoro, saka anogona kuita zviri nani nekurapa kurapwa pane kunyanya kurapa maitiro."
Kuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakaoma, munhu ane "runyoro" anogona kunge akawedzera unyanzvi hwekukurukura uye unyanzvi hwokudzidza, asi akachechedza unyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu , nhau dzakaoma , uye / kana zvinetso zvakakomba nehutano hwehurongwa. Somugumisiro, munhu ane "runyoro" autism angawana chikoro chevanhu vose kana kushandiswa kwebasa kwakaoma zvikuru kupfuura munhu ane mimwe mitauro yakaoma asi zvishoma nezvedambudziko kana manzwiro evanhu.
Somuenzaniso, fungidzira mumwe mudzidzi akajeka, anodzidza mutauro uyo anoputira mhinduro mukirasi uye anowira pasi pakunzwika kwechivharo chokudzivirira kana chiedza chebhuruu ye fluorescent. Enzanisa munhu akadaro kune munhu ane matambudziko makuru nevadzidzisi asi ane zvishoma nyaya dzine ruzha kana chiedza, uye haana dambudziko kutevera mitemo. Ndeupi munhu ane "zviratidzo zvinopisa"? Mhinduro yacho, hongu, ndeyokuti zvinoenderana nekugadzirisa uye mamiriro ezvinhu.
Nzira Dzokuziva Dambudziko Dzipi Dzinobatsira Kujekesa Kuzvininipisa Kwechiito?
Zviratidzo zveDMM-5 zvinopa humwe mubvunzo nemubvunzo iwoyo nokuti zvinosanganisira zvitatu " zvinoshanda " kurondedzera kukwirira kwe autism. Vanhu avo "vanyoro" autistic vanowanzoonekwa sechepakati 1, zvinoreva kuti vanoda rubatsiro ruduku kuti vararame hupenyu huri hupenyu.
Asi, hongu, izvi zvinotsausa nokuti vanhu vazhinji vane "runyoro" autism vangada kubatsirana zvikuru zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, munhu ane "runyoro" autism angave ane unyanzvi hwemashoko asi asingakwanisi kuverenga mutauro wemumwe munhu kana manzwiro . Somugumisiro, vazhinji vevanhu vane "runyoro" autism vanozviisa mumatambudziko nehutano hwakasiyana, nebasa kana vaunodzidza navo, kana kunyange nemapurisa.
Kune Mishonga Yekugadzirira Kwemagetsi Here?
Semhando ipi zvayo yevirism, kurapa kwakakodzera kunosanganisira:
- maitiro ekurapa (anoshandisa mibayiro yekudzidzisa zvinotarisirwa kana zvinoshandiswa maitiro)
- nharaunda kana shanduko inopararira (inoshandisa mitambo yekudzidzira kuvaka unyanzvi hwemagariro nekutaurirana)
- mishonga yemishonga (kune madhiragi anoporesa zviratidzo zvakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo uye kushungurudzika kwepfungwa zvinogona kuwirirana ne autism ine unyoro)
- chirwere chekutaura (nechisimba autism, therapy remuromo inowanzoenderana neyanzvi hwekukurukurirana, mutauro wemuviri, nezvimwewo)
- chirongwa chekushanda (chinowanzobatsira nyaya dzine pfungwa)
- muviri therapy (vana vakawanda vane autism vane utsi hwetsika shoma kana vari mumuviri)
Vamwe vana vane autism vanogonawo kubatsirwa nemishonga kubva kune zvinetso zvinosanganiswa zvakadai sekugumburwa, zvinetso zvepamuviri, zvinetso zvekurara, uye nyaya dzakadai sokusaziva-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa. Aya matambudziko haasi chikamu che autism pane imwe chete, asi ivo vanonyanya kufanana pakati pevana ve autistic.
Shoko Rinobva
Chinokosha ndechekuti izwi rokuti "mild autism" harinyanyi kukosha, kunyange zvazvo risingawanzoitiki. Ichokwadi ndechokuti zviratidzo "zvinyoro" zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvinetso zvakakomba munzvimbo dzekukurukurirana kwevanhu, hukama, basa, uye kuzvimirira. Vanogonawo kubatanidzwa nematambudziko anokonzerwa nemanzwiro: Vanhu vazhinji vane "vanyoro" autism vari kurwisana nekuzvidya mwoyo, kushushikana, kusagadzikana-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, nemamwe zvirwere zvepfungwa.
Kuti unzwisise zvinetso zve autism, usaita generalizing zvichienderana neshoko rakadai se "self autism." Pane kudaro, bvunza mibvunzo yakananga, yakananga pamusoro pemashoko omunhu, manzwiro, manzwiro, uye mafungiro ake . Ipapo, bvunza pamusoro pemasimba omunhu, matarenda, uye zvaanoda.
Sources:
> Faras H, Al Ateeqi N, Tidmarsh L. Matambudziko eVistism. Ann Saudi Med. 2010 Jul-Aug; 30 (4): 295-300. doi: 10.4103 / 0256-4947.65261.
> H azen, EP et al. Zvinoratidzika zviratidzo muvhizimusi zvinokonzera matambudziko. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014 Mar-Apr; 22 (2): 112-24.
> Reaven, Judy. "Kurapa kwekuzvidya mwoyo zviratidzo muhuduku nepamusoro-shanduka autism spectrum zvinetso: Kukurukurirana kwevabereki". Bongo Research . 2011. 1380: 255-63.