Innate Immunity uye Cell-Mediated uye Humoral Yakagadzirirwa Kusachengetedzwa
Mishonga Yakachena Yemazi uye Kusagadzikana - Kutanga
Nhengo dzezvirwere zvedu, kana kudzivirira kwedu, inzira inodzivirira miviri yedu kubva kune zvinhu zvinokuvadza, zvisikwa zvepasi, uye kunyange nekenza. Kunyange pakutanga chitunha chemuviri chekuzvidzivirira chichidzidziswa maererano nechinzvimbo chayo mukudzivirira zvirwere, kunzwisisa kwedu kwakagadzirisa uye kwakatungamirira pakuona maonero eropa uye marrow stem cell transplantation, kuwedzerwa ropa, kenza, uye genetics.
Nhengo dzedu dzeropa dzeropa (WBCs) chikamu chemuviri wedu wechirwere chemuviri uye inotamba basa rakawanda muropa nemarariya emararamiro. Mukati, shoko rokuti leukemia rinoreva "ropa dhena," sezvo rakabatana nekuwedzererwa kwemasero machena eropa.
Basa reMusununguko
Mune masimba ezvirwere ane mabasa mana makuru:
- Kudzivirirwa kune zvinyorwa zvedzimwe nyika zvakadai semabhakitiriya, mavairasi, zvirwere , uye fungi
- Homeostasis (muviri inowirirana) kuburikidza nokubviswa kwemasero akapera kana akafa
- Kuongororwa uye kubviswa kwemasero anoshanduka
- Murairo kuburikidza nekuwedzera nekudzivisa zvirwere zvemuviri
Zvirwere zvemuviri zvinokwanisa kuita mabasa aya kunyanya kuburikidza nekukwanisa kwaro kuudza musiyano pakati payo (chikamu chemuviri) uye kwete-wega (inopinda zvipenyu zvakadai sebhakitiriya, fungus, uye mavairasi, kana chepfu) masero. Inotarisa izvi nemaantigen, kana kuti mapuroteni, pane sero. Masero ane antigens ayo maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri anoona sekuti ivo pachavo vasara vari voga, nepo asiri-self antigen cell inotora chirwere chedu chekuzvidzivirira, icho chichapindura kuburikidza nekugadzira, kushandura nekukurudzira masero eropa akachena akakodzera panzvimbo yekutyisidzira.
Imwe yezvinetso nekenza masero ndeyekuti vakawana nzira dzekuzvishandura ivo pachavo kuti vaite sevanhu.
Mhando dzisingagoneki
Izvo zviviri zvemarudzi ehutachiona hutachiona hutachiona uye hunowanikwa . Mimwe yemasero edu eropa anoita basa muhutachiona husingaperi, vamwe muhutachiona hunowanikwa, asi vamwe vanobatanidzwa mune zvose.
Innate Immunity
Innate immunity ndiyo mutsara wekutanga, kwete-chaiyo kupindura chero kuputsa kwemitumbi yedu. Isu takaberekwa tine chirwere chisingaiti. Inogadziriswa isina njodzi inogadzirwa nemaitiro mana: zvipingamupinyi zvemagetsi, makemikari anokonzera, fivha, uye phagocytosis kana kuputika.
- Zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinosanganisira ganda uye membrane inotambanudza miromo yedu, mhuno, mhepo, maturakiti emaguta uye nhengo dzemakumbo. Kana izvi zvisinganyatsogadzikane, zvinopa chigadziro chemuviri chinopesana nekunopinda kwehupfu uye zvisikwa zvinokuvadza.
- Makemikari zvinosanganisira kusuruvara, misodzi, salivha, dumbu acids, mucus, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvakavanzwa nemuviri. Izvi zvinodzivirira vatorwa kune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nekuita kuti zvisikwa zvirege kuvabatsira. Semuenzaniso, makemikari zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuita kuti mhuka dzive dzakaoma kana kuti dzinonamatira uye zvinodzivisa mhuka kana chekisi kubva pakusangana nekugara mumuviri.
- Fivhiri inobatsira muviri kudzivirira kurwisa mabhakitiriya uye mavairasi anononoka kuwedzeredza mukati mekushisa. Izvi zvinopisa zvinhu zvinokonzera muviri kuti uwedzere kutonhora kwayo. Izvo zvipenyu zvezvipenyu hazvikwanise kushivirira kutonhora kwakakwirira kwenguva yakareba. (Ndicho chikonzero nei ikozvino yakakurudzirwa kusiya gorosi yepamusoro-fega nehozi uye chirwere-kunze kwekuti iwe usina kunetseka - sezvo iri imwe yenzira iyo miviri yedu inorwisa zvirwere izvozvo.)
- Kuvhiringidzika kunoitika apo magetsi nemakemikari zvinopesana nevashamisi vokunze vakundikana. Mhinduro yacho inokurumidza zvikuru, asiwo yakagara kwenguva pfupi . Uyu hausi mhinduro chaiyo, kureva kuti, muviri wako haufaniri kuve wakananga kune muvengi uyu usati wapindura. Kuvhiringidza kunotangwa uye kunotungamirirwa ne phagocytic WBCs, zvakadai semapolymorphonic leukocytes kana "granulocytes" - neutrophils , monocytes , macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, uye masero ehupenyu . Neutrophils inorwisa zvipenyu zvakadai seabhakitiriya uye fungi uye inogona kusiya ropa nokuda kwezvipembenene panguva yekuputika kwekupindura. Basophils inotanga kupindura kwechiremera kune antigens, kana eosinophils kudzivirira muviri kurwisana nemarasita. Masero anouraya anowanzoshandisa makemikari ane simba ekuuraya masero ane utachiona. Macrophage inoshanda semagadzirirwo masero mumatumbu, asi monocytes inobata basa ravo muropa. Pane imwe nguva macrophage inoputira muvengi wekunze , inopa tsanangudzo yakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu izvo zvipenyu zveT-lymphocytes uye inobatsira kuunganidza maune immune system yakawanikwa.
Akawana Immunity
Yakagadzirirwa immunogara, iyo inonziwo adaptive immunity, inodzidza zvirwere zvemuviri kune imwe nyika inopinda munharaunda . Kana muviri uchinge wazarurirwa kune imwe nyika antigen , unowana hutachiona hunopinda mukati uye unorangarira ruzivo irworwo kwenguva refu . Makore akawanda gare gare, apo masimba edu ezvirwere zvemuviri anoona iyochete antigen zvakare, yakatogadzirira uye inogona kukurumidza kurwisa. Nzira mbiri idzi dzekuchengetedzwa kwechirwere ichi ndedze -medived-immunity and humoral immunity , iyo iyo yose inourawa ne lymphocytes.
Lymphocytes inoumba chikamu chetatu cheWBC mumitumbi yedu. Lymphocytes masero mashoma anogona kupararira muropa asi anokwanisawo kuvapo mumatukisi, zvichida achifamba ari pachena mumuviri achitsvaka basa. I-subtypes ye-lymphocytes iT lymphocytes kana T-seli , (iyo inobatanidzwa mumagadzirirwo maviri emasero-mediated and humoral) uye B lymphocytes kana B-seli . Mamwe B-lymphocytes anova masero eplasma , iyo inopindura kune an antigen inogona kuyeuka muvengi munharaunda yeramangwana uye anogadzira zviratidzo kune iyo chaiyo antigen.
Chiremera Chine Mutsanana (CMI)
Kuzvidzivirira kwemajeri kunoshandisa T-lymphocytes sechimbo chikuru chayo, kunyange kutaurirana pakati peT-lymphocytes uye B-lymphocytes kunowanzoitika. Mushure mekune imwe nyika yakasvibiswa inoputirwa ne macrophage, iyo inopa tsanangudzo pamusoro peantigens pamusoro peiyo microorganism kune T- tymymcytes.
Imwe mhando yeT-lymphocyte, mubatsiri T-cell , ichaunza humwe ruzivo kune mamwe maTym lymphocytes (kuitira kuti vazoziva muvengi), maseru evanhu chaivo (avo vachatsvaka nekuuraya mhuka), uye B-lymphocytes ( uyo anotanga maitiro e-immoral immune).
Imwe mhando yeT-lymphocyte, iyo cytoxic T-cell , inoshandisa nzira yakananga uye inouraya masero ayo inoona seasingazviti kana kuti inogona kukuvadza.
Kuzvidzivirira kwoutsinye
Kuzvidzivirira kwevanhu kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwezvirwere. Zvirwere zvekare, kana immunoglobulin, zvipurotini zvakagadzirwa nema-B-lymphocyte plasma masero mukutarisa kwekuzivikanwa kweimwe nyika inonzi antigen. Zvirwere zvekare zvinogona kudzivirira mavharusi kupinda mumasero ane utano, kudzivirira hutachiona hwevavengi, kana kuputsa zvinyorwa zvitsva uye kuvasiya kuti zvipfeke zvinokonzera mahara kuti zvibvise.
Kushanda pamwe chete
Kusuruvara-shanduka inzira yakaoma kwazvo inoda kuti mutaurirano pakati pemitoo yose inonyatsobudirira. Phagocytic WBCs, dzakadai se macrophage uye masero ehupenyu anouraya kubva muhutano hwedu hwema innate, anobatsira kuita kuti kemukirini inopindirana uye yakasvibira ishande zvakanaka. Zvisinei, zvirwere zvedu zvema innine zvinoshanda chete munguva pfupi uye zvinoda mishonga yedu yakagadzirirwa yekuramba ichidzivirirwa.
Sources:
Bonilla, F. Inonzi humoral immune response. Kusvika pari zvino. Kushandurwa 03/23/15. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-humoral-immune-response
Johnston, R. Kukurukurirana kwema innate immune system. Kusvika pari zvino. Updated 11/02/15. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-the-innate-immune-system
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