Maitiro uye Kusiyana
Unonetseka here kuti chifuva chako chinogona kukonzerwa nekenza yemapapu? Sezvo mutachiona wemapapu unoporesa zvikuru mumatanho ekutanga echirwere ichi, kuwana kenza kamwe pangangodaro kunokosha zvikuru. Zvinosuruvarisa, hapana nzira yekuziva zvakajeka kana chifukidziro chinokonzerwa nekenza yemapapu inobva kune zviratidzo chete. Izvozvo zvakati, kune zvimwe zviratidzo uye zviratidzo pamwe chete nehutano izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti chifuva chive chiratidzo chekuchenesa chekenza yemapapu .
Chii chaunofanira kuziva kana iwe wakanga uchikanganiswa?
Aina dzeCough
Chronic Chronic vs Acute and Productive vs Non-Productive
Inenge hafu yevanhu vakaonekwa nekenza yemapapu vane chigunzva chisingaperi panguva yekuongororwa. Chirwere chisingaperi chisinganzwisisiki chinorondedzerwa sechifuva chinopedza kwemavhiki masere anotevera , uye vanhu vazhinji vanoti vane chifukidziro chisingatongopfuuri. Chifukidziro chinogona kunge chakaoma, kana kuti iwe unogona kufukidzwa mumucheka (unonzi chibereko chinobudirira). Inogona kuitika panguva ipi zvayo yemasikati, uye vanhu vazhinji vanoti zvinopesana nehope, zvichikonzera kupera kwemasikati. Chifukidziro chinogona kunge chakafanana nezviratidzo izvo vanhu vanga vambove nazvo munguva yakapfuura nekuda kwechirwere chetachiona kana chebronchitis, uye naizvozvo hazvifaniri kutanga kukonzera mumwe munhu kuti afunge nezvekenza.
Zvimwe Zviratidzo Zvinosangana Nekaka
Kuitika kwezviratidzo zvekare kunowedzera mukana wekuti chifuva chakakomba. Zvidzidzo zvakatarisa vanhu vane kenza yemapapu kuitira kuti vaone kuti zviratidzo zvipi zvaivapo gore risati rasvika.
Tsvakurudzo iyi yakawana zviratidzo zvinotevera kuti zvive zvakajeka zvekufananidzira yemukenza wemapapu:
- Kuchema ropa . Kuchingura ropa (inonziwo hemoptysis) kunogona kuva chiratidzo chekuchenesa chemapapu emapapu, uye chaizvoizvo ndicho chiratidzo chete chinowanikwa mu7 muzana yevanhu panguva yekuongororwa. Izvi zvinowanzova shoma shoma yeropa, yakadai sechirwere chechiropa, asi chiyero chipi zvacho cheputum chinouraya chinofanira kuongororwa zvakanyatsonaka nechiremba wako.
- Kupfupika kwemhepo . Kupfupika kwemhepo (inonziwo dyspnea) inogona kuva yakangwarira pakutanga. Vanhu vazhinji vane mukenza wemapapu vanoti ivo vakatanga kubvisa chiratidzo ichi sechikonzero chekurarama hupenyu kana kuti kukwegura. Pakutanga, kufema kwekufema kunowanzoonekwa chete nemabasa, zvakadai sokukwira matanho.
- Chipfuva chepfu . Vanhu vazhinji vanotaura kuti vanonzwa kurwadziwa kwepapupa vasati vaongororwa nekenza yemapapu. Mipapu pachayo haina mitsipa iyo inorwadziwa, asi kurwadziwa kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemarara mumarwadzo, marwadzo mumakanda anobva kune kenza yakapararira kumapfupa, maronda ane mitsipa (kana kuti kunyange mbabvu dzakaputika) kubva mukukanganiswazve, pamwe nedzimwe nzira dzakawanda. Marwadzo anoitika nekufema kwakadzikawo akadana kurwadza kwepurititic chifu kana pleurisy, inowanzonziwo pakati pevanhu avo vakazongorapwa vane kenza yemapapu.
- Hoarseness . Vamwe vanhu vanoona kushushikana vasati vaongororwa. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakakonzerwa nekukanganiswa, asi zvinogonawo kuva nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadai sechirwere chinopindira pamisungo inoenda kumaketani ezwi.
- Unexplained kuora kurasikirwa . Kusanzwisisika kuora kurasikirwa kana kurasikirwa kana iwe usisiri kuedza kunogona kuva chiratidzo chekenza yemapapu. Kurasikirwa kwekurema kwekuzvipira kunotsanangurwa se kurasikirwa kwemazana mashanu kana kuti kuwedzera kwehutano hwemuviri pamusoro pemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika ku12; anenge ma7,5 pounds mu 150-pound munhu. Pane zvimwe zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekutsvaga uye iwe unofanira kugara uchiona chiremba wako kana uremu hwako huchidonha, kunyange iwe uri kufara kuona chikamu chichienda pasi.
- Zvirwere zvepumusoro . Zvirwere zvakapfurikidza zvakadai sepneumonia uye bronchitis zvakajairika musati wemukenza wemapapu unowanikwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanorwara nekenza yemapapu vanoti zviratidzo zvavo zvakatanga kubviswa, kunyangwe navanachiremba, sekuda kwechando, bronchitis, kana zvimwe zvirwere. Mamwe anobatwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvebronchitis kana pneumonia vasati vasangana nezvakazoitwa. Kana mamamamu emapapu ari kukura pedyo nemhepo, vanogona kukonzera kudzvinyirira kunosimudzira ngozi yezvirwere izvi.
- Kunonoka kusvuta kupera . Zvakawanikwa kuti nhamba inokosha yevanhu vane kenza yemapapu inoderedza nhamba yefodya iyo inoputa, kana kuti kamwe chete kusvuta fodya vasati vamboona-kazhinji vane zviratidzo zvishomanana zvekuregera. Chikonzero chiri shure izvi hachina kujeka, asi chinogona kunge chakabatana nekuedza kuchenesa chiratidzo chekukanganiswa, kana kutya kusinganzwisisiki kwekuita kenza yemapapu. Hatizivi kuti nei izvi zvichiitika, asi zvinogona kuva kuti mamwe mapepa emapapu anokonzera makemikari anoderedza kusagadzikana kweicikine. Kana iwe usati wambokwanisa kuregera mberi, uye kamwe kamwe zvinoratidzika zviri nyore, taura nachiremba wako.
Risk Factors
Zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nehupenza yemukenza yemapapu , somuenzaniso, kusvuta uye kuonekwa kune utsi hwechipiri, zvinozivikanwa, asi vamwe havazi. Kune vanhu vakambosvuta, vane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvingave zvinopfuura kuwedzera. Semuenzaniso, kusanganiswa kwekushongedzerwa kweAsbestos uye kusvuta fodya kunokonzera njodzi yekenza yemapapu kupfuura iyo iwe wakawedzera pamwe pangozi yega yega yeiyi pamwe chete. Zvimwe zvinokonzera ngozi zvinosanganisira:
- Kusvuta ikozvino kana munguva yakapfuura . Zvechokwadi kusvuta chikonzero chekuisa kenza yemapapu emapapu, uye inenge 80 muzana yevanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane nhoroondo yekusvuta pane imwe nguva. Asi, makumi mapfumbamwe evanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane chirwere chemapapu nhasi havasvuti; ivo vangave vekare vakvuta kana kusamboputa. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvakasiyana nehutano hwemwoyo hunodonha zvakanyanyisa apo munhu akasiya kusvuta, kenza yemapapu yemapapu haadzoke kune yakarongeka. Kunyange kana iwe ukasvuta munguva yakapfuura, iva nechokwadi chokuti utaure izvi kune chiremba wako.
- Kuvhiringidza kuRadon . Kuonekwa kune radhioni mumusha ndicho chechipiri chinokonzera kukonzera yemapapu emapapu uye chinokonzera chinokonzerwa nevasina kusvuta. Inofungidzirwa kuti radon mazinga akakwirira mune rimwe mumisha 15 muUnited States. Kana uwandu hwako husati hwaongororwa, ita izvi pamwe chete nekugadzirira nguva yekuona chiremba wako. (Kuenzanisira kwakaoma, vakadzi vanenge 40 000 vanofa nemukenza wemapapu gore rimwe nerimwe muU.S. uye vanenge 27 000 vanoparara nekenza yemapapu yeRaddon.Sezvo vakadzi nevana vanopedza nguva yakawanda mumusha kupfuura varume, ivo vanogona kunge vane ngozi huru.)
- Utsi hwechipiri hunoshandiswa . Zvinofungidzirwa kuti utsi hwechipiri hunosvika 7 000 matambudziko emukenza wemapapu muUnited States gore negore.
- Mhuri inhoroondo yemukenza wemapapu . Chimwe chimiro chemuviri wekenza yemapapu chinogona kufamba mumhuri. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana mutanho wemapapu unowanikwa kune vasina hanya, muvechidiki, uye mumadzimai. Kuva naamai, baba, mukoma nomunin'ina, kana mwana ane nhoroondo yemukenza wemapapu kaviri kungozi yako yekuvandudza chirwere chacho.
- Mhizha kumapfupa . Kurapa kweradiation, yakadai sekenza yemazamu kana chirwere cheHodgkin chinowedzera mukana wako wokuva nekenza yemapapu.
- Jobho kujekesa . Kushanda kwemazuva emakemikari nezvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai seAsbestos, dizeli, nezvimwe, zvinogona kuwedzera kenza yemapapu emapapu uye inofanirwa kuva chinhu chinokwana 27 muzana yemakirini emapapu mumarume.
Kuongororwa Kwechigumbu Chingave Chirwere Chirwere
Dzimwe nguva chifukidzo che X-ray chichawana kenza yemapapu, asi zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti kana iwe wakanga uine chifukidzo x-ray munguva ichangopfuura yaive yakasikwa, iwe unogona kunge uine kenza yemapapu. Munguva yakapfuura, chifukidzo chema-ray chakaitwa kuti chiratidze vanhu nezvekenza yemapapu, asi zvakawanikwa kuti x-rays yakakundikana kuona chirwere chemapapu panguva yakakwana yakakwana yekuponesa upenyu.
Hazvikwanisi kudarika kuti chifu x-ray chinogona kurasikirwa nekenza yemapapu . Kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvinogona kuva kenza yemapapu, nguva dzose bvunza chifu che CT scan. Kune huwandu hwemashoko kunze uko kwevanhu vari kuvimbiswa kuti chifukidzo chavo x ray chaive chisiri chekare, chete kuti vazive gare gare kuti vaiva nekenza yemapapu (uye nekuda kwekunonoka kunokonzerwa nehuwandu x-ray, zvinogona kuita kusiyana pakati pe Kanzera yemapapu epakutanga uye imwe yakapararira uye isisaporeseki).
Chidzidzo che2015 muDenmark chakawana kuti vanhu vazhinji vaine 2 kana kupfuura "chibvumirano" chechi-x-rays mumazuva makumi mapfumbamwe apfuura vasati vaongororwa nekenza yemapapu. A CT scan inodiwa kana pane chinetso. Sezvo bhonasi yakawedzerwa, CT inotarisa vanhu ava yakaonawo dzimwe zvirwere zvepapupa zvakanga zvasipo pabhodhi x-ray.
kuongorora
Nguva Yekudaidza Chiremba Wako
Kana iwe uchiramba uchingorodza-kunyange iwe usati wamboputa, usina zvimwe zviratidzo, kana uchitenda pane tsanangudzo yakanaka yekukandira kwako-ita nguva yekuona chiremba wako. Kana iwe uye chiremba wako uchida, chifu che CT scan, bronchoscopy , kana zvimwe zviedzo zvinogona kukurudzirwa. Kana zviratidzo zvako zvichiramba uye iwe hauna tsanangudzo, funga kuwana imwe pfungwa . Vanhu vazhinji vane kenza yemapapu vanoti pane nguva yakareba yekuona kwavo, uye vamwe vanoti vanachiremba vavo havana kuvatora. Ramba uchifunga kuti vasiri vese vanoputa vanogona kuva nemukenza wemapapu , uye chaizvoizvo, vazhinji (hungu, vanopfuura 80 muzana) yevanhu vanova nekenza yemapapu nhasi havasi vasvuta kana vakasiya kusvuta munguva yakapfuura. Muna 2018 mutanha wemapapu mukati mehuse hauna kusvuta ndicho chechitanhatu chinowanzokonzera chikonzero chekufa kwekenza muUnited States.
Apo isu tiri kuedza kutora shoko kune avo vasiri kusvuta iyo menza yemapapu inogona uye inoitika kune vanhu vasina kusvuta, asi avo vanosvuta vanoda chiyeuchidzo ichi zvakare. Chidzidzo che 2016 chakawana kuti vanhu vanosvuta havakwanisi kudarika avo vasina kusvuta kutsvaga kurapwa kwezviratidzo zvinonyevera zvekenza yemapapu-sekukanganiswa. Kana ukasvuta uye uchikandira, usanonoka kudana chiremba wako. Uye yeuka, hakuna munhu anofanirwa nekenza yemapapu. Munhu mumwe nemumwe, pasinei nokuti havana kumboputa kana kuti kusvuta kunopisa upenyu hwavo hwose, vanokodzera zvakanakisisa zvekunetseka, tsitsi, uye kurapa kwakanakisisa kurapwa kwekenza.
Kune avo vakamboputa munguva yakapfuura, kuongorora kwekenza yemapapu kungava sarudzo. Kana zvakaitwa kune munhu wose akakodzera, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuongorora kunogona kuderedza kenza yemapapu yekufa ne30 muzana. Zvikonzero zvekuongorora zvinosanganisira:
- A 30 pack-year nhoroondo yekusvuta
- Zera pakati pe55 ne80
- Kuva kusvuta kana kuva negore mumakore gumi apfuura.
Izvi zvinotarisirwa, zvisinei, ndezvevanhu vasina zviratidzo. Kana iwe uine chifukidziro, icho chiratidzo chinofanira kuongororwa.
Risk Calculator
Chirangaridzo Sloan Kettering inopa chida umo vamwe vanhu vanogona kuverenga ngozi yavo yekenza yemapapu. Yakagadzirirwa vanhu pakati pezera remakore makumi mashanu nemakumi manomwe nevanomwe vanosvuta kana kuti vanosvuta munguva yakapfuura. Nechirongwa ichi, unokumbirwa kusaina chibvumirano chinoratidza kuti iwe unoziva kuti haisi kutsiva kurapwa. Ramba uchifunga kuti iyi inongova nhamba yekuverenga, uye inogona kuraswa nyore nyore nekenza yemapapu mumunhu mumwe nomumwe, uye inogona kuwedzera kudarika kana kuderedza mukana wako ngozi.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Lung Cancer. Yashandurwa 02/08/18. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/index.htm
> Friedemann, S., Whitaker, K., Winstanley, K., uye J. Wardle. Vakasvuta vashoma kudarika kune vasina kusvuta kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekenza yemapapu 'alarm' chiratidzo. Thorax . 2016 Feb 24. (Epub mberi kwekudhinda).
> Guldbrandt, L. Migumisiro yekutsanangurira zvakananga kweFiest CT Scan muKutanga kweLung Kuchengetedzwa kweKenza muGadziriro Yese. A Clinical, Cluster-Randomized Trial. Danish Medical Journal . 2015. 62 (3): pii: B5027.
> Iven-Omofoman, B. et al. Kushandisa nharaunda yekugara kwevanhu neyemapiriniki ekutanga mune zvinowanzoitika pakuziva vanhu vane chirwere chemapapu kare. Thorax . 2013. 68 (5): 451-9.
> National Cancer Institute. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Updated 02/01/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all