Kana iwe wakamboudzwa kuti une mapundu emapapu kana mapapu emapapu pane x-ray, iwe unotya zvikuru. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinokonzera? Kakawanda sei vanhu vane mapfupa emapapu? Uye ndeipi mikana yemukenza wemapapu ?
Zvakakosha kutaurira pakarepo kuti vazhinji -kana makumi matanhatu kubva pamapfumbamwe emapapu emukonduru- havasi kenza. Tichazotaura pamusoro pezvikonzero zvinokonzera, asi zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti kana chirwere chekenza yemapapu chiripo chiitiko chakanaka chokuti chinogona kurapwa.
Nyeredzi, netsanangudzo, iri pasi pemamita masentimita matatu muhupamhi, uye nehukuru huno, zvirwere zvekenza zvakawanda zvinoporesa. Asi kunyange kumapapu emapapu ayo makuru, kurapwa uye kupona kwemazera emukenza yemapapu zvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya mumakore mashoma apfuura.
Chimwe chekupedzisira usati watanga kuziva kuti kutevera nekuwana kuongororwa kunokosha kunyange kana usati wamboputa. Panguva ino yazvino, kune vamwe vekare vaidzima uye havambofi vanoputira vane kenza yemapapu , kupfuura vanhu vanoputa.
Ndezvipi Zvine Mvere Nodules?
Chirwere chepapu chinotsanangurwa se "nzvimbo" pamapapu anenge masendimita matatu (anenge 1.5 masendimita) akaenzana kana kuti pasi. Izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa se "zvipfeko zvemari" kana zvichitsanangurwa pamuedzo wokufungidzira. Kana kusina kuonekwa kunoonekwa pa x-ray yemapapu kune yakakura kudarika masentimita matatu, inonzi " mapapu mashoma " panzvimbo yechipfuva uye inowanzova nekenza.
Mhotukari dzinowanika zvinowanzodikanwa kuti iite masentimita imwe muhukuru vasati vangaonekwa mubhokisi x-ray, asi majeeti anenge maduku anenge maviri kusvika kune maviri anogona kuonekwa pane CT scan.
Kuwanda
Mhotukari yakakomba yakawanda uye inowanikwa pane imwe mubhokisi 500 x-rays, uye imwe mu100 CT inoongorora yebhokisi.
Inenge 150,000 mapukisa emapapu anowanikwa kune vanhu muUnited States gore negore. Vanenge hafu yevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu vanoputa vachabva vanyunguduka paT CT scan yechifuva chavo.
Kana chiitiko chinogona kunge chinowanikwa mubhokisi x-ray, zvinokosha kuva CT scan. Zvirwere zviduku zvinogona kushayikwa mubhokisi x-ray .
Zviratidzo
Mafupa akawanda emapapu haatambudzi zviratidzo uye anowanikwa "pangozi" kana "chiitiko" apo chifukidzo che x-ray chakaitwa kune chimwe chikonzero. Kana zviratidzo zviripo, zvinogona kusanganisira chifukidziro, kukwezva ropa, kuputika, kufema kwemafuro, kana kuputika kwepumusoro kana dutu (s) iri pedyo nemugwagwa mukuru.
Zvinokonzera
Mhotukari yakakomba inogona kuva yakashata (isina-kanzira) kana yakaipa (kenza). Zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvinowanzobatanidza granulomas (clumps yezvinyama zvinopisa nemhaka yehutachiona kana kuvhunika) uye hamartomas (benign lung tumors). Chikonzero chinowanzovhiringidza chemafupa emapapu emapapu chinosanganisira mutsa wemapapu kana kanzura kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri dzakapararira kumapapu ( mastrasetic cancer ).
Nodules inogona kuputsika muzvikamu zvishomanana zvikuru.
- Zvirwere - Zvinokonzera zvinokonzerwa nemasukirwe zvinogona kusanganisira zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zvakadai sechirwere chetachiona uye zvimwe zvirwere zve mycobacterial, zvirwere zvefungal zvakadai se histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, aspergillosis, uye coccidiomycosis, uye zvirwere zvakashata zvakadai se ascariasis (roundworms), echinococcus (hydatid cysts) uye paragonimous (chiropa) inosvibisa.) Kana masimba ezvirwere mumuviri "masvingo" kubva munzvimbo dzeutachiona anowanzoita granulomas.
- Kuvhiringidzika - Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana nerheumatoid arthritis , sarcoidosis , uye Wegener's granulomatosis, uyewo pneumoconioses zvakadai sasilicosis inogonawo kutungamirira kune granulomas.
- Bhenign tumors - Benign lung tumors dzakadai se hamartomas (inowanzobatwa nebenign lung tumor), bronchial adenomas, fibromas, blastomas, neurofibromas, uye hemangiomas. inogona kuratidzika sezvinotyisa mumapapu ane x-ray.
- Zvirwere zvinosvibisa - Kanzira inogona kuonekwa sedhizha rinosanganisira chirwere chemapapu, lymphomas , sarcomas, uye tumorcinoid tumor.
- Metastases - Mhetura yemapuranga inogonawo kunge yakakonzerwa nemakemikari anobva kune dzimwe kanzira dzakadai sekenza yemazamu, kenza yemaroni, kenza yemukaka, uye kenza ye prostate.
- Zvimwe bhinign nodules - Pulmonary infarctions (nzvimbo dzemapapu emapfupa ayo arasikirwa neropa ravo), ropa rinenge risina kukwana (AV kusagadzikana,) atelectasis (kuwa kwechikamu chemapapu,) mapirmonary fibrosis , uye amyloidosis zvimwe zvose zvinokonzera mapapu nodule.
Kuziva
Chinhu chokutanga chiremba wako achange achida kuita kana achiona chivharo chemapapu pa x-ra yako ndeyekuwana chero yep-ray yawakambove nayo uye unoienzanisa. Kana hutachiona kana hutachiona huripo kwenguva yakareba, mimwe miedzo ingasazodiwa. Kana hutachiona hutsva kana iwe usina hupi hwema-ray kuti uenzanise, kupfurikidza kunogona kudiwa.
Kana chironga chinowanikwa mubhokisi x-ray, danho rekutanga rinowanzove riri kuita CT scan yebhokisi rako. Mimwe miedzo yakadai seMRI inogona kudiwa.
Panguva ino, chiremba wako achada kuziva nhoroondo yako pamwe chete nemamwe matambudziko aunayo kune chero rudzi rwemapapu emapapu (ona pasi apa.) Somuenzaniso, kana iwe uchangobva kufamba, chirwere chinokonzera fungal chinogona kunge chiri nani asi kana iwe aputa, tsvina inouraya ingave yakawanda. Zviratidzo zvechirwere sezvinoonekwa paC CT yako ichaongororwa.
A PET scan dzimwe nguva inobatsira pakuwedzera kutsanangura chironga. Kusiyana neT CT scans uye MRI "maitiro" maedzo. Vanogona kuwana zvipembenene pamapapu asi havatauri zviyero zvezviri kuitika mumusana . Uine pET scan, shoma shoma inokonzerwa newadhiacid inopindwa muropa rako. Kukura kwemakumbo kunotora huwandu hwemashuga anotsvaira pamuedzo. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira mukusiyanisa tumarara inokura kubva pachivara chechivara sechiremera chinokura chichazotora huwandu hwehuga. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira kune avo vakambova nemapapiro emvura, zvirwere zvemapapu kana chirwere chinogona kukonzera kuora mutsvuku.
Kana chirwere chisina kuonekwa sechichikura kana chiine maitiro ehutachiona hunorwara, (ine "kutadza kwakanyanya" kwekenza) "kumirira uye kutarisa" nzira dzimwe nguva inogona kutorwa neT scan scan zvakare pashure penguva yakati. Imwe mishonga yega yega yakasara isina kuchinjwa kwenguva yemakore maviri kana kupfuura haifaniri kuwedzera kuwedzera.
Nyuchi yePulmonary Nodules
Zvinosuruvarisa, chirwere chemapapu chinowanzodiwa kuti uzive zvechokwadi chii chinokonzera chirungu. Zvinofadza, nzira itsva uye dzisingasviki dzekuenzanisa mhando dzemazuva ano dzinowanzowanikwa. Izvi zvingave zvakakosha kunyange kana chiremba wako ane chokwadi chaicho chiri kukonzera chirungu kana kuti mishonga.
Muenzaniso ndeye apo mapundu emvura anofungidzirwa kuti ane mastrainetic cancer kubva pane imwe tumarara yakafanana nekenza yemazamu. Ongororo yapfupi inoratidza kuti kunyange kana chirwere chemapapu chinowanika mumunhu angave akatarisirwa kuva nemasipisita emapapu, hafu yezviputi zvinonzi metastases kana yakagadzirwa. Kusvika ku25 muzana, pane kudaro, yaiva yechipiri chepamu memukiramu yemapapu.
Zvichienderana nechinzvimbo chechigununu, chidimbu chakanaka chinopisa chinogona kuitwa. Dzimwe nguva, endobronchial ultrasound uye biopsy zvinogona kuitwa sechikamu chebronchoscopy. Pane dzimwe nguva bhaopsy yakazaruka inogona kudiwa. Kunyange kana izvi zviri izvo, maitiro matsva, akadai sekuvhiyiwa kwevhidhiyo inobatsira mavhidhiyo (VATS) inowanzoitwa pane nzvimbo ye thoracotomy.
Benign vs. Malignant Nodules
Kakawanda, mukana wekuti chirwere chemapapu chirwere chekenza chikamu makumi mana, asi mungozi yemapapu ane kenza inosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinhu. Muvanhu vasiri pasi pemakore makumi matatu, mukana wekuti mapapu emapapu chirwere chinodarika chikamu chimwe chete, asi hafu yemapapule emapapu mukati pevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu vane marwere (kanzira).
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosimudza kana kuderedzera njodzi yokuti mutsara wemapapu chirwere chinosanganisira:
- Kukura - Mahombekiti makuru aya anowanzove ane kenza kupfuura zviduku.
- Kusvuta - Vakasvuta zvino uye vekare vanogona kunge vane kenza yemapapu emukenza kupfuura vasati vasvuta. Dzidzai muzana yevatori vanopinda mukenza wemapapu.
- Basa - Mamwe maitiro ekushanda anosimudzira mukana wekuti chirwere chinokonzera kenza.
- Nhoroondo yezvokurapa - Kuva nenhoroondo yekenza kunowedzera mukana wekuti chironga chinogona kuipa.
- Mhuri yemhuri y - Avo vane hurumende uye nhoroondo yemhuri yemukenza wemapapu inowanzove nemakunyu anokonzera kune avo vasina mhuri yekare.
- Zviratidzo - Mukana wekuti chirwere chinokonzera mapepa chepapu chikuru kana zvimwe zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvekenza yemapapu zviripo.
- Mufananidzo / kuonekwa kwehutundu - Smooth, round nodules inowanzove yakashata, asi "kusvibiswa" mishonga, kana kuti nemiganhu isina kukwana kana yakaipa inowanzova nekenza.
- Yakasimba / isina kusimba - Nodules iyo inowedzera zvakasimba pane kusimba inowanzova nekenza
- Kukura - Cancerous lung nodule inowanzokura nokukurumidza nekuenzanisira nguva yekubatanidzwa kwemwedzi inenge mina, nepo bhenuleti dzisina kuchena dzinoramba dzichienzaniswa nekukura kwemazuva.
- Calcification - Muchengetedze mutsvuku iyo yakaverengwa inowanzove yakasimba.
- Cavitation - Nodules inotsanangurwa se "cavitary," zvinoreva kuti mukati mechikamu chemukanda unoonekwa wakajeka pa-x-ray, zvinowanzove zvakashata.
- Ground girazi mutsvuku - Nodules iyo inorondedzerwa seine girazi remuvhu inoonekwa kazhinji inonetsa uye inogona kuva yakaipa kana yakaipa. Pamusana pekuoma uku, biopsy yezvipembenene izvi zvinowanzodiwa.
- Nhamba yehutachiona - Avo vane majoini akawanda vanowanzove nekenza kupfuura avo vane oga kana kuti vashoma masumuturu emapummonary.
- Nzvimbo yemakunguti - Lobules iri muruboshwe kana kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rwezasi kana kuti chirwere chepakati chaipo chemapapu hachikwanisi kuva nekenza kune avo vari kuruboshwe kana kurudyi kumusoro lobes.
- Mahedheni uye nzvimbo - Kana wakabuda panze kweUnited States, chirwere chemapapu chinowanzove chakanaka. Semuenzaniso, kuongorora kwekutsvaga kwakawana kuti mapundu emapapu emapapu nokuda kwechirwere chetachiona, chirwere chinotapukira, chinowanzoshamisika muAfrica vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika. Saizvozvowo, kuvharidza kunobatana nezvirwere zvinokonzera fungal, zvakadai se coccidiomycosis zvinowanzoitika kuSouthwest.
Indeterminate Lung Nodules
Nhamba yemapapu emapapu inowanikwa nea radiologists se "indeterminate" yakawedzera nekuuya kwekenza yemapapu ekuongorora. Kunzwa kuti mazuru ako kana majeeti zvisingagumi zvinogona kuvhiringidza. Hazvisi pachena here? Zvinosuruvarisa, pane dzimwe nguva apo hazvibviri pamafungiro ekufungidzira oga kuti uzive kana chirwere chinonyangadza-kunyange mushure mokunge uchitarisa zvinhu zvose zviri pamusoro. Kuti apindure mubvunzo uyu, bhaopsy inofanira kuitwa. Zvinofadza, radiologists, vanachiremba, uye pathologist pamwe chete vari kuwana nzira shoma dzisingasviki dzezvidzidzo zvemuviri. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani nei mubvunzo uyu wakanyanya kuoma, unogona kuda kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekusiyana pakati pezvirwere zvinopisa uye zvinotyisa .
Lung Cancer Screening
Kuongororwa kwekenza yakakonzerwa nevanhu vakakodzera yakawanikwa yekuderedza kushaya kwehutano kubva mumukenza wemapapu ne20 muzana. Asi sezvinoitwa chero kuongorora kwekuongorora, kune ngozi yezvakanaka zvenhema, uye zvakajairika kuwana mishonga inonzi CT kuongorora. Asi kuwana mhotukari hazvirevi nguva dzose mutanho. Muzvokwadi, zvidzidzo kusvika ikozvino zvinofungidzira izvo kunenge kunenge mishanu kubva muzana yemavhutura akawanikwa pakutanga mapapu CT kuongorora kune kenza.
Kurapa
Kurapa kwemapukisi emapapu kunosiyana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nechinokonzera, zvingave zvakabatana nezvirwere, kuputika, kenza, kana mamwe mamiriro. Kuwanda kwemapapu ane bonde anowedzera, kunyanya avo varipo uye vasina kuchinja pane imwe nguva yemakore mashomanana, vanogona kusiyiwa vari voga.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana iwe wakanzwa kuti iwe kana munhu waunoda ane chironga chepapu iwe unogona kunge wakabatana nekutya uye wakaora mwoyo. Kune mikana yakawanda yakasiyana uye imwe yeiyi inotyisa. Inogona kubatsira zvishomanana kufunga kuti huwandu hwemashure hausi kenza, uye kunyange iyo iyo inogona kurapwa nekuvhiyiwa.
Kana iwe ukasarudza kutsvakurudza dutu rako mumutsara zvakakosha kuziva kuti sayenzi iri kuchinja nokukurumidza. Nzira itsva dzekuongorora huri kuwanika pamwe chete nemishonga matsva gore negore. Sezvo mushonga uri kuchinja zvakakurumidza, Zvakakosha kuva mupepeti wako mukurapa kwako. Kana iwe uri kuwana mhinduro, bvunza mibvunzo yakawanda. Funga kuwana mhedziso yechipiri pasinei nezvaunonzwa. Pakupedzisira, svika kumhuri neshamwari. Kana musana wako unotarisa kuva mukenza wemapapu kune chirwere chemapapu chemapapu chinogamuchirwa.
> Sources:
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