Coccidioimycosis chirwere chinokonzerwa neCoccidioides immitis kana Coccidioides posadaii , inozivikanwa se "Valley Fever." Inogara kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweU.S., kubva kuTexas kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweCalifornia, uyewo kuchamhembe kweMexico, Central America, uye South America.
Kunyange zvazvo coccidioimycosis inowanzopa mukati memapapu (pulmonary), apo inopararira kupfuura mapapu (extrapulmonary) inonzi inofanirwa kujekesa AIDS neU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Nhamba yeCoccidioimycosis
Maererano neCDC, muzana wehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu muUnited States vanhu makumi mana nemakumi mana. Zvisinei, ruzhinji rwezviitiko izvi zvinowanikwa mumatunhu maviri (Arizona, California), uko kuwedzera kwezviitiko kunogona kukwira zvakasvika 248 pa100 000.
Muna 2011, vanopfuura 22 000 mitsva ye coccidioimycosis yakashumwa neCDC, kuwedzera kwegumi kubva muna 1998. MuCalifornia chete, nhamba yakakura kubva pa719 muna 1998 kusvika kune 5 697 muna 2011.
Izvozvo zvakati, pakati pevanhu vane HIV, chiitiko chechiratidzo checccidioidomycosis chaderera zvikuru kubva pakusvika kwekubatanidza antiretroviral therapy (kadhi) , apo kliniki kutaura kwechirwere ichi chinoonekwa sechisinganyanyi kuoma.
Modes of Transmission
Coccidioides iripo muvhu iyo inogona kukura mhepo inobhururuka munguva yemvura. Utachiona hunokonzerwa nokuvhiringidza iyi fungal spores, kazhinji pasina munhu wacho kunyange kuchiziva.
Kana uchinge uri mukati memapapu, spores inogona kubudisa dzimwe spores, iyo inogadzira minyunguduru inogona kubuda uye inokonzera kuputika mukati mebronchi. Muvanhu vane simba rekudzivirirwa nehutachiwana-kunyanya vanhu vanotapukirwa neHIV vane maCD4 pasi pe 250 masero / μL-izvi zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakanyanya zvepermonia. Iyo fungus inogona kupararira kubva kumapapu kuenda muropa, uko inogona kukanganisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.
Coccidioides haina kuparadzirwa kubva kumunhu kumunhu.
Zviratidzo zveCoccidioimycosis
Vakawanda vanotapukirwa havawani zviratidzo kana migumisiro yehutachiona. Mune izvo zvinodaro, zviratidzo zvinowanzozvidzivirira uye zvinowanikwa nezvirwere-zvakaita zviratidzo zvakadai se:
- Fever
- Headache
- Kukosora
- Chipfuva chepfu
- Kupfupika kwemhepo
- Chills
- Myalgia (kurwadziwa kwemasuru ) uye arthralgia (marwadzo akabatana)
- Kuneta
Kurwisana kunogonawo kukura munenge ma 25% emhosva. Iroshti inowanzosarudzwa kumucheto wakadzika, unofanirwa nemucheka mutsvuku mutsvuku kana mashizha asina kumira. Mune zvimwe zviitiko (zvakapoteredza 5-8%), utachiona hunogona kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo isina kuoma-inowanikwa pneumonia (CAP), iyo inogara ichigadzirisa zvisingatauri kushandiswa kunorwisa fungal.
Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, coccidioimycosis inogona kuva yakanyanya kukura, zvichikonzera kuora kukuru uye mumiriri mukati memapapu. Kamwe yaparidzirwa (kureva kupararira kumapapu), inogona kuparadza muviri, zvichiita kuti:
- Ganda zvipembenene nemasumbu
- Kudzora uye marwadzo
- Tsipa zvipembenene
- Kuchema kwemwoyo
- Urinary tract complications
- Meningitis
Meningitis ndiyo inonyanya kutyisa upenyu hwe coccidioimycosis. Kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwekufa kwehuwandu muUnited States hunofungidzirwa pasi (0.07%), kune avo vane hutachiwana hweHIV (CD4 pasi pe100 cells / μL), kufa kunogona kuve kwakaenzana ne70% kunyange nekurapa kwakakodzera.
Kuongororwa kweCoccidioimycosis
Coccidioimycosis inogona kuongororwa nekuongorora kukurukura kwemvura yemuviri, sputum, exudates (semuenzaniso pus), kana kuti zvinyorwa zvezviviri. Kuongororwa kunogona kuitwawo neCPR (polymerase chain reaction), iyo inosimudzira DNA kubva pane sarological samples kugadzirisa Coccidioides chirwere.
Kurapa kweCoccidioimycosis
Muvanhu vasina simba vane hutachiona hweHIV (CD4 dzinopfuura 250 masero / μL), coccidioimycosis inowanzozvidavirira uye haifaniri kuva nehutano hwakanaka kunze kwekutarisira rubatsiro.
Kune avo vanoda kurapwa-zvichida nekuda kwezviratidzo zvinoramba zvichiramba kana zvirwere zvinopfuurira-kutaura zvakagadziriswa zvinonzi inotanga kusarudzwa.
Pakati idzi, ketoconazole ndiyo chete yeA FDA-inogamuchirwa nzira yekurapa coccidioimycosis, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakawanda mazuva ano zvichida fluconazole kana itraconazole. (Tapota cherechedza kuti ketoconazole, fluconazole, uye itraconazole zvinopesana panguva yekudzivirira nekuyamwisa.)
Kune avo vanorwara zvikuru, antifungal amphotericin B inoonekwa semushonga wekusarudza. Iyo inotarisirwa intravenously kusvikira utachiona hutungamirirwa, mushure mehupenyu hurefu-refu oral prophylaxis yekotoconazole, fluconazole kana itraconazole inorayirwa.
Kune varwere vane coccidioidal meningitis, amphotericin B inogona kutarisirwa intrathecally (kureva kuti munzvimbo inopoteredza uropi kana tsvimbo yepelinha).
Kudzivirira kweCoccidioimycosis
Zvakaoma kudzivirira coccidioimycosis munzvimbo dzakaoma. Nokuda kwekudzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri, prophylactic therapy inogona kubatsira kudzivirira utachiona. Hapana majekiseni anowanikwa panguva ino. Kana iwe uchirarama munzvimbo yakaoma uye uzvive iwe pachako kuti uri pangozi, kune zvishoma zvingwarira zvaungatora:
- Kupfeka guruva re mask pakushanda nevhu, kana mvura pasi pasi kuti udzikise fungus.
- Dzivisa kuenda panze panguva yemhepo ine guruva kana mhepo ine mhepo.
- Shandisa hutano hwehutano hwemhepo, hwakadai seHEPA firisi , uye isa mafasiteri asingadhuri uye masuo emasuo.
- Kana ukashanda pane imwe nzvimbo yekuvaka, shandisa N95 particle kuisa mask.
Sources:
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Kuwedzerwa Kwazvakaudzwa Coccidioidomycosis - United States, 1998-2011." Kufa uye Kuipa Kwemavhiki Yega (MMWR). March 29, 2013: 62 (12): 217-221.
Galgiani, J. "Coccidioimycosis." Zvinyorwa zveRoyal Society of Tropical Medicine uye Hygiene. 2005; 41 (9): 1217-1223.
Pickering, L .; Baker, C .; Kimberlin, D; et al. "Coccidioimycosis." American Academy of Pediatrics, Red Book: 2009 Mushumo weKomiti Yezvirwere Zvinotapukira. Elk Grove Village, Illinois; 28th Edition: 266-268.
Masannat, F. uye Ampel, M. "Coccidioidomycosis muVachipatara vane HIV-1 Kubatwa muEra yeAtest Antiretroviral Therapy." Clinical Infectious Diseases. January 2010; 50: 1-7.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Kuwedzera muCoccidioidomycosis - United California, 2009." Kufa uye Kuipa Kwemavhiki Yega (MMWR). February 13, 2009: 58 (5): 105-109.
Pronunciation: kok-si-dee-oh-yangu-KOH-sis
Uyewo Anozivikanwa Se:
- Coccidioidal Granuloma
- Cocci
- "California Fever"
- "Desert Rheumatism"
- Posadas Wernicke Disease
- "San Joaquin Valley Fever"
Kazhinji Misspellings: coccidiomycosis