Genetics, Demographics Inopa Inzwisisiro kuIndaneti Yenguva refu Isingaiti-Kuwedzera
Muhupo hwehupi hupi hunokonzera chirwere ( pathogen ), muviri wedu unogona kupindura munzira mbiri dzinokosha: unogona kushingaira kurwisa pathogen kana kushivirira.
Pathogenic kushorwa kunoreva maitiro ezvidzivirira zvekuzvidzivirira muviri izvo muviri unorwisa uye unotapudza pathogen. Kusiyana neizvi, pathogenic kuvhiringidzika ndiyo mamiriro ayo muviri usingarwi nawo pathogen asi inongopedza kuderedza kukanganisa kwakaitwa nawo.
Nekushingaira kubvumira pathogen-mumutauro wekutanga, kurarama neine pathogen panzvimbo yekuisa huseve-kurwara kunowanzofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma kune munhu ane hutachiona kunyange kana mutoro wepathogen uri kumusoro.
Muvanhu vane chirwere chekudzivirira, chirwere chinoramba chichigadziriswa, chinogara chichibereka ma anti-define uye chekuchengetedza T-masero mukutarisana ne-pathogen (kusanganisira CD4 T-cells inokonzera mhinduro dzomuviri).
Nokuita kudaro, chirwere chakafanana neHIV chinogona kufambira mberi nokukurumidza zvakanyanya sezvo pane, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvimwe CD4 + T-seli dzinopinda. Zvishoma nezvishoma, sehutachiwana hweHIV huchitsvaga kuparadza aya "mubatsiri" T-masero , masimba ezvirwere zvezvirwere anokanganiswa kusvika pakuita kuti zvidzivirire.
Vanhu vane ruregerero rukuru vanogona kurongedza maitiro ekuzvidzivirira mumuviri, kazhinji vachibvumira zvishoma kana kuti kwete kuratidza chirwere pamusoro pepakati kusvika kwenguva refu.
Kunzwisisa HIV Kushivirira
Kushingirira kweHIV hachiri kunyatsonzwisiswa asi kuwedzera kutsvakurudza kwakaita kuti masayendisiti aone kuti nei vamwe vanhu vachirwisa utachiona huri nani kune vamwe.
MunaSeptember 2014, vatsvakurudzi vanobva kuSwitzerland Federal Institute of Technology muZurich vakadzokorora nhoroondo kubva kuSwitzerland yeHIV Cohort Yokudzidza, yakatanga muna 1988, uye vakatarisa zvakakwana kune vatatu 3036 kuti vagadzirise ukama huripo pakati pehutachiona hwehutano hwehutachiona hwehutachiona (kureva, kupi hutachiona hutachiona huchidzivirirwa shure kwehutachiona hwehutachiwana) uye kuderera kwavo muCD4 + T-seli .
Mukuita kudaro, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuenzana nekudzivirira kwehutachiwana hweHIV (sekuenzaniswa nehutachiona hwehutachiwana) uye kushivirira kweHIV (zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hweCD4 kuderera). Zvinyorwa zvishoma, zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera kwekunonoka, kunyanya kushivirira kwemunhu kune HIV.
Nokubatanidza hutsika idzi nemararamiro ehurwere uye maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemashoko, masayendisiti aitarisira kuwana zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa kuti zvionekwe zvakananga (s) zvinobatanidza nehutano hweHIV.
Zvakaitwa neVatsvakurudzi
Kunyange zvazvo kutsvakurudza kwakasimbisa mutsauko wekuti varume nevakadzi vakakurudzirwa sei neHIV (pasinei nevakadzi vane anenge anenge maviri pasi pedal-set-point-point), makore akashanda basa rinokosha, nekushivirira zvishoma nezvishoma kupera sezvinoita munhu ane makore makumi maviri kusvika ku40 uye uye kunyange kupfuura kubva pazera remakore makumi mana kusvika makumi matanhatu. Kutaura zvazviri, panguva iyo munhu akazosvika pamakore makumi matanhatu, chirwere chacho chakaonekwa chichifambira mberi kaviri kudarika sekuya kwemakore makumi maviri.
Tsvakurudzo yakaratidza zvakare kuti pakanga pasina hukama hwakajeka pakati pekuzvidzivirira kweHIV uye kushivirira kune munhu ane hutachiwana-kushivirira uye kusagadzikana kwaizoshanda kana kuzvimirirana kune mumwe nomumwe kana mumutauro. Muzviitiko zvisingaiti apo pavakashanda mumagetsi, umo chirwere chetachiona chetachiona chakanga chiri pamwe chete nekuderera kweCD4 kunonoka, kufambira mberi kwezvirwere kwaiwanonoka kusvika kureva munhu iyeye semutongi mukuru, anokwanisa kubvumira HIV kwemakore uye kunyange makumi emakore pasina kushandisa antiretroviral zvinodhaka .
Mukucherechedza zvinhu zvinowanikwa nhaka, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisawo kuziva kuti genetics haina kumbobvira iine chikamu pane kuti munhu angashivirira sei kana kuti arwise hutachiona hweHIV, achisimbisa mumwe nomumwe senzira yakasiyana yehupenyu.
Zvavakawana, zvisinei, iyo yaiva imwe geni chaiyo, HLA-B , yakave neshamwari yakasimba neHIV kushivirira / kushorwa. Iko, iyo inopa mirayiridzo yekuita mapuroteni anokosha kumuviri wekudzivirira muviri, yakaratidzwa kusiyanisa zvikuru pakati peboka rekutapukirwa neHIV. Mamwe emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeHLA-B (alleles) dzakapiwa kukurwisa kwakasimba kune HIV, asi zvimwe zvimwe zvinopindirana zvakanyanya.
Uyezve, mumunhu anotaura zvakasiyana-siyana zveHLA-B (homozygotes), kuwedzera kwezvirwere kwakaonekwa kunge kuchikurumidza. Kusiyana kwakaratidzwa kune avo vane maitiro maviri akasiyana-siyana (heterozygotes). Kunyange zvazvo ruzivo rwekucherechedza ruchimanikidzika, hachiri kunyatsojekesa kuti izvo zvizvarwa zvinokonzera sei izvi zvinoshamisa.
Vatsvakurudzi vakatsanangurawo kuti dzimwe hurumende dzeHLA-B dzinogona kukonzera kukurumidza chirwere chekuwedzera kuburikidza nekuchengetedza muviri muhupenyu hwehupenyu hunoramba huripo, zvichiita kuti chirwere chisingaperi chinogona kukuvadza zvirongwa zvakawanda zvemuviri kwenguva refu.
Nekunzwisisa zviri nani idzi maitiro ezvemagetsi, inotarisirwa kuti masayendisiti angagone kuzokwanisa kuenzanisa, achibvumira vanhu kuti vatarise utachiona hweHIV huri nani nekudzikisa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekuramba kwema immune activation / chronic inflammation.
Sources:
Regoes, R .; McLaren, P .; Battegay, M .; et al. "Kusashungurudza Kubata Kwevanhu uye Kurwisana neHIV." PLoS | Biology. Svondo 16, 2014; 12 (9): e1001951.