Kunzwisisa Basa rehurumende yeUnited States mukudzivirira hutano hwehupfumi
ICentral for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) isangano rehurumende rehutano rehurumende reUnited States rinowanikwa muAtlanta, Georgia, iro rinokosha rekuchengetedza utano hwevanhu uye kuchengetedza kudzora kwehutachiona.
ICDC inowira pasi pebato reDhipatimendi reMweya reUnited States neHuman Services (DHHS) uye, kunze kwezvirwere zvinotapukira, inoita tsvakurudzo yakawanda panyaya dzakadai dzisina kutapukira dzakadai sekuneta, kusvuta, uye chirwere cheshuga.
Nhoroondo Pfupfupi yeCDC
Muna 1946, CDC (iyo yainzi iyo Communicable Diseases Center) yakavakwa mukupindura zvakananga kune dzimwe nyika kunetseka pamusoro pekurwisa marariya, uye nguva apo masayendisiti akanga achangotanga kuona kusagadzikana kuenderera kune zvinodhaka zvinorwisa marariya. Yakagadziriswa kutsigira sangano iri muAtlanta, nzvimbo yeU.S. iyo malaria yaifungidzirwa kuva yakazara.
Mushure mokunge maitiro akawanda, sangano racho rakanzizve Centers for Disease Control muna 1980, mushure mokunge US Congress yakabatana nemashoko okuti "nekudzivirira" kunopera-1992.
Nhasi, CDC inoshandisa madhipatimendi anopfuura 15 000, vatsvakurudzi, vatungamiri, vanoverengeka, uye vadzidzisi kuti vatsigire maitiro ayo muAtlanta, uyewo mahofisi nevashandi munyika 54 pasi rose. ICDC inozivikanwawo ine imwe chete yezvikoro 57 zveBoosafety Level 4 munyika, izvo zvinokwanisa kuita imba zvinogona kuuraya zvinouraya zvisingazivikanwe kurapwa kana chirwere.
Dr. Thomas R. Friedan akagadzwa mutungamiriri we16 weCDC neMutungamiri Barack Obama musi waMay 15, 2009.
ICDC neAIDS Epidemic
Muna 1981, CDC yakataura nezvemajeri mashanu epneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) yakange yaitika pakati pevarume vanoita zvechani muLos Angeles, uye yaiva pakati pevokutanga kuti vaone kana izvi zviitiko zvakaguma nemugumisiro wekushaiwa simba kwekudzivirira muviri.
Kuwedzera kwezviitiko zvePPP, Kaposi sarcoma , nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotungamirira (OIs) zvakaita kuti CDC iite basa rekuita chirwere chekuongorora chirwere chezvirwere chirwere chakanga chazivikanwa seGID (kana kukwana kwechirwere chekudzivirira gay) uye akazonzizve HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus) .
Kuchengetedza kuwanda kwekuputika, CDC yakakurumidza kusimbisa tsanangudzo yechirwere, iyo nzira yaisanganisira
- a KS nhengo dzevanhu vari pasi pezera remakore makumi matanhatu, kana humwe humwe hunopupurirwa hupenyu hunotyisa kana hunofa, uye
- hapana anozivikanwa nehutano hwepanyika kana nhoroondo yehutano hwe immunosuppressive (eg, kenza).
Izvi zvingashanda senheyo yemamiriro ezvinhu ayo pakupedzisira aizozivikanwa seAIDS . Kugadziriswa muna 1985, 1987 uye 1993 kwaizoenderera mberi kuwedzera runyora kuisa mamiriro ezvinhu anonzi seAIDS anorondedzera.
ICDC, pamwe chete neU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uye National Institutes of Health (NIH), yakabudisa mazano avo okutanga ekudzivirira muna 1983. Mumakore masere anotevera, CDC inosunungura anenge makumi mashanu emitemo nemirayiridzo nokuda kwekuchengetedzwa nekudzivirira kweHIV-basa iro rinoramba richishumira pamwe chete neWorld Health Organization (WHO), US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), nevamwe.
Muna 1985, CDC yakaronga musangano wekutanga weAIDS munyika yose yeAtlanta sehutachiwana hweHIV hwakatanga kurondedzerwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeCentral nekuSouth Africa. Nhasi, CDC inoramba ichiita basa rinokosha mubasa repasi rose nekupa zvizhinji zvekutsvaga epidemiological uye yesayenzi umo US uye pasi rose HIV neAIDS inotarirwa.
Uyezve, CDC inoshanda senhengo yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nokuda kweMutungamiri weUnited States Emergency Plan yeAIDS Relief (PEPFAR) , pamwe nemamwe masangano akadai seStock Agency for International Development (USAID). Mune simba iri, CDC inotarisira kutarisira, kuongorora, uye kuongorora zvirongwa zveHIV neAIDS zvakabhadharwa nePEPFAR munyika dzinopfuura 75.
Muna 2011, CDC yakatsoropodzwa neDHHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) yekukundikana pakupa uye / kana kutarisa zvipo 30 zvePEPFAR zvinobhadhara mari.
Sources:
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control and Prevention (CDC). "Nhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare Nhoroondo yeCDC." Kuipa uye Kufa Kwemavhiki Gwaro (MMWR). June 28, 1996; 45 (25); 526-530.
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control and Prevention (CDC). "CDC Laboratories: Pane zvinopikisa zvinosangana nazvo." Morbidity naAtlanta, Georgia; kupedzisira kuongororwa musi waMarch 19, 2014; inowanikwa paIndaneti musi waApril 7, 2014.
Curran, J. naJaffe, H. "AIDS: Makore Ekutanga uye Kupindura kweCDC." Kuipa uye Kufa Kwemavhiki Gwaro (MMWR). Gumiguru, 7, 2011; 60 (04); 64-69.
Office of the Inspector General (OIG). "Kubvunzurudzwa kweCentral for Disease Control and Prevention's Oversight of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Funds for Fiscal Years 2007 Kubva muna 2009 (A-04-10-04006) .MuU.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); Washington, DC; June 15, 2011.