Kuyeuka Kunosanganisira Zvikamu Zvizhinji zveBongo
Chii chatingava kunze kwezvatinoyeuka? Kana iwe usina kurangarira kwawakanga uchiri, kana kuti avo wawakatarisira, iwe ungaramba uine iwe wauri ikozvino? Ko kana iwe ukakanganwa kuti iwe unowanzopindura sei kune vamwe, zvose zvawakadzidza kuchikoro kana zvawakadzidza kuita muupenyu hwako hwose?
Kukwanisa kwedu kurangarira uye kudzidza ndeimwe yezvakakosha uye zvinokosha zvehutano hwedu hwehuropi.
Hausi kungoita kuti uropi hutibvumira kuti tive nezvose zvakatipoteredza, zvinotibvumira kuti tivezve nekuziva zvakaitika kare. Uyezve, inoita izvi munzira dzakawanda, kushandisa zvinyorwa zvekuyeuka.
Chii chakanga chakanakisisa chakaitika kwauri nhasi? Icho chiitiko chekurangarira kwebibiographical or episodic, patinoyeuka chimwe chinhu chiri mumamiriro ezvinhu, kufanana nekuyeuka kofi yemangwanani. Rinosiyana kubva ku eidetic memory, chiyeuchidzo chechokwadi chakakanganiswa kubva pane zvakaitika, zvakadai sazivo kuti Paris ndiyo guta guru reFrance. Unyanzvi hwako hwekuverenga izvi hunobva kune rumwe rudzi rwekuyeuka kunonzi chiitiko chekuyeuka-rudzi rwekuyeuka kunoita kuti uyeuke nzira yekuita chimwe chinhu "sekukwira bhasikoro."
Chiyeuchidzo chinogona kunyanya kugoverwa-somuenzaniso, kushanda kukubvumira kukubvumira kubata chimwe chinhu mupfungwa kwemaminitsi mashomanana panguva imwe chete, zvino kusunungura, sefoni nhamba yaunoda kuisa pakarepo uye kusadzoka zvakare. Kurangarira kwenguva pfupi kunogara kwenguva refu, zvichida awa kana kuti, uye nguva refu yekuyeuka inogona kurarama hupenyu hwose.
Mapoka ezviyeuchidzo izvi anowanzosvibisa muzviripo asi anopa hurongwa hwekunzwisisa kuti huropi huyeuka sei.
Kuitwa kweHippocampal uye Limbic System
Chimwe chiziviso chakakurumbira chema 1950 chakaita kuti tive neruzivo rukuru rwemangariro maitiro. HM akanga ari jaya rakagumburwa richibva kuhupenyu hwake hwemazuva ose hwakatungamirira vanachiremba kuvabvisa zvose.
Chigumisiro chakanga chiri chinhu chakafanana nefirimu "Memento", umo protagonist inogona kungoyeuka maminetsi mashomanana panguva. HM anoyeuka pamberi pekuvhiyiwa kwakaramba yakasimba kusvika pakufa kwake, kunyange zvazvo vanachiremba vaakashanda navo mushure mengozi vaifanira kuzvitaurira ivo mazana emamwe nguva.
Nhengo dzemazuva ezere dzemazuva ano dzine hippocampus, chimiro cheuropi nechirongwa chakashongedzwa s S chakave chakafuridzira mafungiro evanhu vanoita mazita kuti vaite zita racho shure kwechiGiriki nokuda kwe "bhiza regungwa." Mukati memakumbo emukoko anoshanda neuroni dzakaparadzana pamusoro pomumwe nomumwe, achishanda pamwe chete kusimbisa nheyo dzezviitiko zvitsva.
Kunyange zvazvo basa remukoko richiyeuchidza zvakanyatsozivikanwa, inongova chikamu chekubatanidza kunowedzera pamusoro pese uropi hwose. Zvose izvi-kwenguva yakareba uye zvenguva pfupi zvinorangarirwa zvinogona kuitika zvakanaka pasina hippocampus uye zvivako zviri pedo, sezvinopupurirwa nevamwe veHM vakachengetwa mano. Pasina hippocampus uye zvivako zvakabatana, zvisinei, zvizhinji zvitsva zvinorangarirwa hazvigone.
Iko hippocampus haishandi yoga, asi sechikamu chetsamba yevashandi, yakanyatsodzidza nevadzidzi vezvokurapa, inonzi circuit Papez . Izvi zvinosanganisira hippocampus, miviri yakawanda (miviri miviri iri pedyo neuropiyo), zvikamu zve thalamus, uye cortex inoratidzika .
Zvimwe zvikamu zvehuropi, zvakadai sebasal forebrain, inobatsira pakuyeuka. Icho chinonzi basal forebrain inotumira acetylcholine kune cerebral cortex. Izvi zvinoratidzika zvakakanganiswa muAlzheimer's-medication yakadai seAricept basa nekuwedzera acetylcholine mazinga.
The Cerebral Cortex
Kunyange zvazvo hippocampus uye chimbichigadziro zvakakosha mukurangarira kugadzirisa, izvo zviyeuchidzo zvinozochengetedzwa mukati mekodhi. Uyezve, mamwe ose oropi anobatanidzwa nemazano ekudzidza nekuyeuka, pamwe nekucherechedza, izvo zvose zvinotambudza kudzidzira nekugadzirisa zvakajeka.
Kushanda chiyeuchidzo ndechimiro chekuyeuka chinotakura ruzivo kwenguva yakareba zvokuti chinogona kuchishandisa kana kuchengetedza icho gare gare.
Izvi zvakave zvichiratidzwa kuti zvinotenderera pamatunhu anosanganisira pamberi uye parietal lobes. Kukuvadza kune idzi nzvimbo kunogona kutungamirira kuoma nekuchengeta chimwe chinhu mupfungwa kwenguva yakakwana kuti utange danho rekutanga rekuyeuchidza, rinozivikanwa sekodhi. Kunyoresa kunosanganisira kushanda pamwe ne hippocampus kuronga uye kusarudza kuti ndeupi ruzivo runofanira kuchengetwa zvachose.
Mukuwedzera pakukodha, iyo cortex inogona kubatanidzwa nekukwevera zviyeuchidzo kunze kwekuchengetedzwa mune imwe nzira inonzi yekuwanazve. Zvinokwanisika kuti mumwe munhu ave nezvinetso nekuyeuka chiyeuchidzo kunyange kana kodhi yakaitwa zvakanaka. Nemuenzaniso, vazhinji vedu takava neruzivo rwekuoma kurangarira chinhu chimwe chete kuti tive nepap mupfungwa dzedu gare gare. Dzimwe nguva ruzivo rwakashata runogona kugadziriswa, sezvinoitika, apo inoratidzika kuti mumwe munhu anoreva nhema pamusoro pezvakaitika kare, kunyange vachitenda zvakasimba nhema dzenhema.
Kushungurudza Kwekuyeuka
Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekurangarira anokonzera nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeuropi. Chirwere cheAlzheimer , somuenzaniso, chikamu chinokuvadza hippocampus, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuumba zvirangariro zvitsva asi kwete dambudziko rekutanga nezviyeuchidzo zvakatochengetwa. Kukonzera kushungurudza kwepfungwa kunotyisa kunogona kutungamirira kuoma nekushanda kwekuyeuka, zvinoreva kuti zvakaoma kuchengeta mashoko mupfungwa kwenguva yakakwana kuti inyorese. Kana kangoyeuka, zvisinei, ruzivo rwacho runogona kugara, kunyange humwe dambudziko nekudzoka kungavepo.
Sources:
H Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy kuburikidza neCliniki Cases. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
MM Mesulam (2000): Kutenda Neuroanatomy. Mune: Mesulam MM, mhariri. Nheyo dzeKutenda uye Kuziva Neurology. New York: Oxford, mapeji 1-120.