Kana uropi hwaive sangano, hypothalamus yaizoita seyo "Utilities" dhipatimendi. Kunyange zvazvo zvakawanda zvechikwereti uye kutarisa kunowedzera kune zvikamu zvehuropi zvinokurukura, kusika, nekuita, hypothalamus inokonzerwa nekupisa, mvura inoyerera, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha izvo zvinoramba zvese zvakarongeka.
Basa rinokosha re hypothalamus rinogona kupfupikiswa neshoko rokuti homeostasis, izvo zvinoreva kuchengetedza mamiriro omukati emuviri nguva dzose sezvazvinogona.
Iyo hypothalamus inotichengetedza isu kuti tisanyanya kupisa, kunotonhora, kuwedzerwa, kunetseka, uye kunenyota, uye zvakadaro.
Kunyange zvazvo hypothalamus inowanzotarisirwa kuchengeta isu muhurumende, pane dzimwe nguva iyo nyika inoda kuchinja. Paunenge uri mune imwe nguva pangozi yehupenyu, iwe haufaniri kufunga kuti unonzwa uine nzara. Icho chimiro chechimiro, icho chinonyanya kubatanidzwa nemanzwiro, chinotaura zvakanyanya ne hypothalamus, zvichikonzera kuchinja kwemuviri kunosangana nemanzwiro chaiwo. I amygdala ine reciprocal connections ne hypothalamus kuburikidza nedzimwe mbiri mbiri nzira. Mamwe nzvimbo dze cortex, dzakadai seyorbitofrontal cortex , insula, anterior cingulate uye temporal cortices zvakare inotaura ne hypothalamus.
Zvikamu zveHypothalamus
Kufanana nehupi hwose hwehuropi, nzvimbo dzakasiyana dze hypothalamus dzinoita mabasa akasiyana. Iyi nharaunda inogona kusiyaniswa nekubatana kwavo nehupi hwehupi hwose.
Somuenzaniso, iyo hypothalamus inoparadzaniswa nehafu nehutanda hwepepachena nyaya iyo inonzi the fornix, iyo inomhanya kubva mberi kwe hypothalamus kumberi. Zvikamu zve hypothalamus iri pedyo nechomukati cheropi (rutivi rwomukati) runobatanidza pamwe nechechi chikamu che amygdala kuburikidza neimwe imwe turititi inonzi stria terminalis.
I amygdala inobatsira kuratidza kutya, uye rutivi rwemukati rwe hypothalamus runobatanidzwa ne "kurwisa-kana-ndege," somuenzaniso kuburikidza nekudzivirira kudya. Hapana nguva yokuzorora uye yekuchera kana iwe uri kuda kumhanya hupenyu hwako!
Rutivi rwe hypothalamus iri pedo nechokunze kweuropi (re lateral side) rine chinopesana chinokonzera kudya. Nemhaka yekuti nzvimbo iyi inokosha pakukurudzira kudya, zvipembenene munharaunda ino zvinogona kutungamirira kukura kwemuviri. Iyi nharaunda inokoshawo mune nyota, sezvo zvipembenene zvechikamu chepamusoro chinogona kutungamirira kuderera kwekudya kwemvura.
Basa rehu hypothalamus rinoparadzaniswa kubva kubva mberi kuenda kumashure. Somuenzaniso, anterior zvikamu zve hypothalamus zvinoratidzika zvakabatanidzwa nekugadzirisa muviri kunze nekuwedzerwa ropa kusvika paganda uye zvichiita kuti jira ribudiswe. Musana we hypothalamus unowanzobatanidzwa nekuchengeta muviri uchidziya.
Mukuwedzera, iyo hypothalamus inokonzera kutonga mararamiro edu ekumuka uye kurara. Nucleus yechiprachiasmatic iri mberi kwe hypothalamus inoshumira seawa remukati, kutitaurira kuziva kana iri nguva yokurara. Ichi chikamu cheropi chinosangana nezviedza zvisinganyatsonzwisisiki zvinoshandura mukati medu maawa masikati.
Ko Hypothalamus "Inotaura" kuMuviri?
Iyo hypothalamus inogadzirisa mhinduro dzepanyama kuburikidza nemuviri kuburikidza nemigwagwa miviri. Nzira yekutanga inotanga kuburikidza nehutongi hwehurumende . Chechipiri ndechekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekupedzisira, zvichireva kuchengetedzwa kwemasmoni muropa.
Magonti ekudzivirira anonyanya kubva mumusana weparventricular we hypothalamus, asiwo kubva kune dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus uye kubva ku lateral uye posterior hypothalamus. Pakutanga, izvi zvipfeko zvinotenderera zvinofamba mumugwagwa wechena chena unonzi medial forebrain bundle. Ivo vanopfuurira kupinda mu dorsolateral brainstem uye periaqueductal gray musoro.
Iyo fiber synapse pamusoro pepasasympathetic nuclei mu brain brain uye pakati pepakati ye sacral spinal cord, uye pakunzwira tsitsi mukatikati yemasero memutsetse we thoracolumbar rwonzi. Nhamba dzakawanda dzezvigadziro muhutachiona dzinogamuchira zviratidzo kubva ku hypothalamus, zvakadai senucleus solitarius, noradrenergic nuclei, nucleus rapheus, uye pontomedullary reticular formation.
Iko hypothalamus inoshandawo pamwe chete nehutambo hwepituitary kuti uchengetedze muviri wemagumo endocrine. Iyo pituitary inokwanisa kukwanisa kunyora mahomoni zvakananga muropa. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso usinganzwisisiki we nzvimbo iyo ropa-uropi hunovhara hunowanzogadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvirwere kubva pakuyambuka kusvika muuropi hazvipo kubva pakuvakwa kweuropi. Mamwe mahomoni, akadai se oxytocin uye vasopressin, anoshandiswa zvakananga mu hypothalamus (mune pevory and supraoptic nuclei, somuenzaniso), uye akavanzika pedyo nechekupedzisira kwepituitary. Chikamu chemukati chepituitary ine masero anoita mahomoni awo. Aya mahomoni anorongedzerwa nemamwe maitiro emagetsi anokonzerwa nehutano hwemagetsi muvascular plexus, kwaanobudiswa neropa. Zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa nehomoni zvinodzorwa nemashoko asina kunaka, zvinoreva kuti uropi hunokwanisa kuona kana mazinga ehomoni ari akakwirira nekuderedza kubudisa kwechikonzero.
Izvi zvingaita sokuti zvakaoma zvikuru, uye ndizvo. Asi basa rekupedzisira re homeostasis kunyange mukutarisana nedambudziko rakakosha!
Sources
Blumenfeld H, Neuroanatomy kuburikidza neCliniki Cases. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams naVictor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.