Mhedziso yeimwe yezvinonyanya kukosha mumuviri wako
Nzira yehutano ndeimwe yezvikamu zvinoshamisa zvemuviri womunhu. Nzira yenyu yehutano inotora zvese zvayo munyika yose yakakupoteredza uye inotumira shoko kumatambudziko ako, zvichikubvumira kuita nzira yako kuburikidza nenyika. Mamiriro ako ehutachiona ehurumende anotarisawo zvose zvaunoita zvinokosha, zvakawanda zvausingazivi iwe unozviziva.
Muchidimbu, inokuchengetedza uri mupenyu.
Kunyange zvazvo zvingave sekunzwa kusagadzikana kuti chikamu chinokosha chemuviri wako chinenge chisingazivikanwi nekugadzira, zvichida chinhu chakanaka kuti urongwa hwako hwehutongi huri kunze kwekutonga kwako. Kana iwe ukawa paunodzidza kufamba, iwe unogona kuzvikuvadza kwenguva pfupi, asi iwe kazhinji unodzidza kuzvizvimisira uye kutangazve. Iwe unogona kufungidzira kana iwe waifanira kudzidza kukurumidza mwoyo wako pose paunoda here? Kana kana iwe wakamira kufema nguva dzose pawakarara?
Kufanana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakatorwa zvisina kujeka, kukosha kwehutachiona hwehutongi hunoonekwa kamwe kamwe kana chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka. Kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvishomanana zvinokonzera urongwa hwehutachiona huri huga huripo, zvinenge zvose zvinetso zvezvehutano zvinokonzera kuzvimirira. Kuti unzwisise zvizere zvirwere uye hutano, zvinokosha kuti uzive kuti chirongwa chinotyisa chemhepo chinoshanda sei.
Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy
Nzira yako yehutongi yakagadzikana inenge inenge iri kunze kwepakati penheyo system uye inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: chikamu checaniosacral (parasympathetic), uye chikamu che thoracolumbar (kunzwira tsitsi).
Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinofungidzirwa sezviri kupikisana kune mumwe nemumwe, pakupedzisira nekurova muyero mukati memuviri. Izvo zvinoratidzira zvinoshamwaridzana nekuzorora, kudya, uye kazhinji kuzvitora zviri nyore. Munhu anonzwira tsitsi ane mhosva ye "kurwisana kana kutiza ndege".
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza pamusoro pehutachiona hwehutachiona ndechokuti, zvisingasaruri, mitsipa inoshandiswa mumutsara unonzi ganglion musati mharidzo inoparidzirwa kune chinangwa chinoshandiswa, chakaita senivary gland.
Izvi zvinobvumira imwe yero yekutaurirana nekudzivirira.
The Parasympathetic
Mishonga yakawanda yepasasympathetic autonomic nervous system inotanga mukati memagetsi muuropi yako. Kubva ipapo, vanofamba nemisungo yakawanda seyakashongedze nerve, iyo inononoka mwoyo, kana kuti oculomotor nerve, iyo inoita kuti mudzidzi weziso. Parasympathetic ndizvo zvinokonzera maziso ako kubvarura uye muromo wako kuti ugare. Zvimwe zvinokonzera kupisa zvinopera mumasvingo ezvitunha uye mumimba sepamuviri sezamu, chirwere chepamuviri, pharynx, mwoyo, pancreas, gallbladder, itsvo, uye ureter. Sacral parasympathetic inobatanidza mu ganglia mumadziro ekoloni, chikanda, uye dzimwe nhengo dzepachivichu.
Anonzwira tsitsi
Tsitsi dzinonzwira tsitsi dzehutachiona hwemotokari dzinobuda kunze kwechikamu chetachiona chemupendero wako wepelineni apo vanowana ruzivo kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi dzakadai seuropiystem uye hypothalamus . Mafungu anomhanya kubva kuma-synapses mu ganglia kunze kwemutsara wepelinha kune zvinangwa zvavo, kazhinji pamwe nemidziyo yeropa. Semuenzaniso, nenyasha dzinonzwira tsitsi dzinoita kuti maziso ako asvike pakupindura murima kana kuti kutyisa kubva mumutsipa wepelinha mumutsipa wako uye synapse mu ganglion ichinzi chikamu chinonzwira tsitsi, ivo vanomhanyira pariyo yarotidhi kumeso neziso.
Izvi zvinopa mishonga kumakumbo nepachiviri chepisecal, pamwe chete nevhudzi hwemvere, mazhenje e sweat, nezvimwewo.
Autonomic Neurotransmitters
Nenzira dzekutya dzinotaurirana nemakemikari anonzi neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters e-acetylcholine uye norepinephrine inonyanya kukonzerwa nekukurukurirana muhurongwa hwehutongi hwako. Kune zvose parasympathetic uye tsitsi kune zvikamu zve autonomic system, acetylcholine inosunungurwa pamwero we ganglia. IAacetylcholine receptors mu ganglia ndeye nicotinic uye inogona kudziviswa nemishonga yakadai sedare. Neurotransmitters vanosiyana, asi, apo masero emagetsi anosvika pazvinangwa zvavo.
Mune chirongwa chinotyisa chemasisympathetic, postganglionic receptors muzvikamu zvakadai sechitachiona chemuviri chinonzi muscarinic uye vanobatwa nezvinodhaka zvakadai seatropine.
Kusiyana neizvi, mushure megandanzwiki anonzwira tsitsi neurons anongosunungura norepinephrine, kunze kwezvimwe zvipfeko zvekutuka uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa mumitsipa yeropa, umo acetylcholine ichiri kushandiswa. Norepinephrine yakabudiswa ne-post-ganglionic neurons inosangana neboka rezvinyorwa zvinonzi adrenergic mhuri yezvinogamuchirwa. Pane zvikamu zviviri zvakanyanya zveadrenergic receptors, alpha, uye beta, imwe neimwe ine majeri ane mairi ega ega uye inogona kushandiswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga.
Ropa Rakamanikidzwa Kudzora
Ropa kudzvinyirira muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti kunzwira tsitsi uye zvikamu zvinokonzerwa nehurumende zvinoshanda pamwe chete mukati memuviri. Muzvizhinji, pane zvinhu zviviri zvakakonzera kukonzerwa kweropa kukwira: Kufambira uye simba remoyo wako kupomha, uye kuderera kwemidziyo yeropa mumuviri wako. Kana hurongwa hwekutambudzika huri kutonga, mwoyo wako unomhanyisa zvakaoma uye nokukurumidza, mitsipa yako yeropa inopera yakaoma uye yakasimba, uye ropa rako rinomanikidza. Kusiyana neizvi, chirongwa chepasyympathetic chinotadzisa mwoyo uye chinovhura mishonga yeropa, zvichiita kuti ropa rive pasi.
Fungidzira kuti iwe umire kamwe kamwe mushure mekunge uri munzvimbo yakagara kwenguva yakareba. Maviri receptor manzwiro ekudzvinyirira mumagetsi eropa mukati me carotid sinus uye aortic arch uye kutumira mashoko ku brain brain, iyo inopindura zvakakodzera nekuwedzera ropa rako.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, unogona kudikanwa neropa rako kuti rimire nokuti iwe uri, unoti, kutya nebheyari ine hasha. Kunyangwe usati watanga kumhanya, uropi hwako hwave hucherechedza bere uye hwakatumira mharidzo ku hypothalamus yako kugadzirira muviri wako kuti utange kuita chiito. Vanonzwira tsitsi vanoshandiswa, mwoyo unotanga kukura, uye ropa rinotanga kusimudza.
Nepo kune mamwe maitiro anokwanisa kudzora ropa, semakemoni, izvi zvinowanzove zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma, kwete pakarepo sezvinotungamirirwa zvakananga nehurumende yako yega yega.
Nzira Yokudzivirira Kwenyika Yenyu Inotyisa Sei
Kune vazhinji vedu, urongwa hwehutachiona hwehutongi hwakawanda huri kunze kwekutonga kwedu. Kunyange zvakadaro, cortex yeuropi yako, kazhinji inobatanidzwa nepfungwa dzinoziva, inogona kuchinja hurongwa hwako hwehutongi hwehutano kune imwe nguva. Muchidimbu, iyo insula, anterior cingulate cortex, substantia innominata, amygdala uye ventromedial prefrontal cortex inotaura ne hypothalamus kuti iwedzere mararamiro ako ehurumende. Mu brain brainus, nucleus tractus solitarius ndiyo huru murairo wepamusoro wehutachiona hwehutongi hwehutano, kutumira zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nehutano hwemitsipa IX na X.
Nemhaka yekuti cortex inobatanidza nehutongi hwehurumende, iwe unogona kudzora hurongwa hwako hwehutano hwehutano kuburikidza nekuedza kushanda, kunyanya nemimwe tsika. Vanhu vakarovedzwa zvakadai, vakadai seyega yekare, vanogona kukanganisa kutengesa mwoyo yavo kana kunyange kutonga kutsika kwavo kwemuviri kuburikidza nemitambo yekufungisisa. Kune vazhinji vedu, kunyange zvakadaro, tichifunga nezvezvinhu zviri kurega pane kunyanya kunetseka, kana kungotora mweya wakawanda apo iwe unoona hurongwa hwako hwekunzwa hutsinye hunokonzera kukurumidza kutsva kana kunzwa kunetseka, kunogona kuita kuti chirwere chako chinoshungurudzika chinetseke zvakare kudzora.
Sources
- Adams naVictor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
- Blumenfeld H, Neuroanatomy kuburikidza neCliniki Cases. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.