Kuziva Nguva Yekuedzwa uye Zvinoguma Zvaitika
Zika utachiona hwakakonzera pasi rose muna 2015 apo zvirwere zvinotakura utsi zvakapfuura munzvimbo zhinji yeSouth neCentral America kusvika kumucheto wekumaodzanyemba kweUnited States. Kunyange zvazvo chirwere ichi chinowanzokonzera zvishoma, chirwere chepiruru-chakafanana, chinogona kuparadza kana chikaitika panguva yekuzvitakura, kutungamirira mumatambudziko asinganzwisisiki kune chirema chekuberekwa, chinonzi microcephaly, umo mwana anoberekerwa ane musoro asingashamisi musoro uye uropi.
Ndechikonzero chechikonzero ichi kuti kuongororwa kunokosha kune vanaamai vanogona kunge vakaparadzaniswa nehutachiona hweZika kuburikidza nekurumwa kwemumonyo. Uyezve, nokuti hutachiona hunogona kupfuudzwa kubva kumurume kusvika kune vakadzi panguva yepabonde, kuedzwa-kunosanganiswa kweropa uye urinhokuedza-kunogona kuziva munhu ane HIV uye zvichida kudzivirira kutapurika.
Zviratidzo zvekuedzwa
Kuchingwa nemumonyo, kunyange mune imwe nzvimbo iyo chirwere cheZika chiripo , hazvireve kuti iwe wakatapukirwa. Chirwere chacho chinopfuudzwa nehuwandu hwemhutu hunonzi Aedes aegypti , hunogona kuonekwa nemuchena mutsvuku wemakumbo ayo uye mhando yehudhi inoisa pamusoro payo.
Kunyange kana iwe uine hutachiwana, iwe hausi kuzova nezviratidzo . Kana iwe ukadaro, inowanzova munyoro uye inogona kusanganisira fivha, misoro, kurwadziwa, kurwara kwemisumbu, kuputika kwemarikirini, uye zvichida kumhanya.
Kana iwe uchidavira kuti wakambosangana neZika chirwere-zvichida nekuti une zviratidzo kana wakaenda kunzvimbo yakakwirira-kune zviedzo zvinowanikwa kuti uongorore utachiona.
CDC Mazano
Nezvo zvichitaurirwa, Zika chirwere chekuedza hachisi chevanhu vose. Chinangwa chikuru chekuedza ndechekudzivirira kutapurirwa kwehutachiona kubva kuna amai kusvika kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura uye kudzivirira kutapurirana kwepabonde kwehutachiwana kune mukadzi ane pamuviri kana kuti anogona kutora pamuviri.
Kusvika pakupedzisira, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inorumbidza Zika kuongororwa kwemapoka anotevera chete:
- Chero ani zvake, mukadzi kana murume, ane zviratidzo zvingangodaro akabatwa nehutachiwana, zvichida nekuti vanogara munzvimbo yakaoma, vachangobva kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yakazara kana kuti vane zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa nemumwe munhu anorarama kana kuti akaenda kune imwe nzvimbo yakaoma
- Vakadzi vane pamuviri vane zviratidzo zveZika zvehutachiona avo vangave vakakwanisa kuvharirwa nehutachiona
- Vakadzi vane pamuviri vasina zviratidzo vanogara munharaunda iyo Zika iripo kana kuti inoramba iri pangozi yekutsvaga
- Vakadzi vane pamuviri vakambosangana neZika chirwere uye fetus ana zviratidzo zvekuberekwa kusina kunaka sezvinonzi microcephaly pane ultrasound
Kuedza kunogona kuonekwa zvakare kune vakadzi vane pamuviri vasina zviratidzo vanogona kunge vachangobva kuwanikwa nehutachiona asi haasi pangozi inoramba iripo. Zika zvirwere zvinowanzova dambudziko guru kune fetus panguva yekutanga kwemaawa matatu uye kusvika masere masere vasati vaberekwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kuongororwa hakubvumirwi nevarume vasina zviratidzo, vakadzi vasina pamuviri vasina zviratidzo, kana sechimiro chekufungidzira kusati kwaitika.
Kana iwe usingagoni kuwana bhizimisi rebhizimisi pedyo newe rinokwanisa kuita chiyero, dana iwe wekune imwe nyika kana hurumende uyo anogona kukutumira kune laboratory yakagamuchirwa.
Dhiyabhorosi Miedzo
Kune mimwe miviri miviri yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa kuongororwa kuti Zika virusi, iyo inotarisa maitiro ehutachiona hwehutachiona uye imwe iyo inotsvaka humwe hutachiona hwehutachiona nenzira yezvidzivirira zvepuroteni zvinonzi antibodies .
Iyi miedzo miviri inoitwa panguva imwechete kuti iongororwe. Izvi ndezvekuti mazita ekuongorora mazita, anozivikanwa seRNA nucleic acid kukurudzira kuwedzera (NAT) , zvinowedzera zvakanyanya mukukwanisa kwaro kuona chirwere asi kwete zvishoma (zvinoreva kuti zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro isina kururama ).
Kusiyana neizvi, iyo immunoglobulin (IgM) anti-test test inonyanya kujeka asi isinganyanyi kujekesa (zvinoreva kuti haikwanise kusiyanisa Zika kubva kune mavhairasi akafanana).
Kana yakashandiswa pamwe chete, maitiro eRNA NAT uye IgM anopa huwandu hwakaenzana hwokururamisa paanoona Zika.
RNA NAT Kuedza
RNA NAT kuedza inyanzvi inoshandiswa nokukurumidza inowedzera nhamba ye genetic particles muropa, murini, nemamwe masero emuviri kubva kune zvuru zvishoma kusvika kudarika mabhiriyoni.
Nokuita kudaro, labori inokwanisa kuona-yakaswedera kana kune chero hupi hwehutano hwehutachiona hweZika. Kana iwe uchifungidzirwa kuva neZika chirwere, kuongorora kweNAT kunofanira kuitwa pane zvose ropa uye urini samuenzaniso yakatorwa panguva imwe chete.
Kubatsira kwekuongororwa kweNAT ndiko kunogona kuitwa munguva pfupi mushure mokunge zviratidzo zvikaonekwa. Nezvo zvichitaurirwa, huwandu hwehutachiona hweRNA hucharamba huchikura nokukurumidza sezvo simba rekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere rinotanga kuwana simba pamusoro pehutachiona. Sezvo zvakadaro, kuongorora kweNAT kunongoratidzwa kunobatsira kana kuongororwa mukati memazuva gumi nemana kubva pakutanga kwezviratidzo. (Chero bedzi chiri mumadzimai ane pamuviri ane zviratidzo mukati mavo maRNA inogona kuramba ichikwira kusvika masvondo gumi nemaviri.)
Pamusana pekukanganisa kwemuedzo, chirwere cheNAT chakaipa hachibvumi utachiona hweZika hutachiona.
Kuongorora kweGGM
IgM kuongororwa chirongwa cheropa-based based detection antibodies chinobudiswa nemuviri kurwisana neZika chirwere. Inogona kutora muviri kusvikira masvondo maviri mushure mekuonekwa kuti kubudisa zvirwere zvinokwana zvakakwana kuti zvive nemugumisiro wakarurama. Kuedzwa kare-kare kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakanaka .
Zika antibody mazinga anowedzera kuwedzera muchero nekuderera muRNA yakawanda. Sezvo zvakadaro, kuongorora kweGM kunobatsira zvikuru mumavhiki gumi nemaviri ekutapukira uye dzimwe nguva kwenguva refu. Inogonawo kushandiswa kuedza cerebrospinal fluid muzviitiko apo chirwere cheZika chakakonzera uropi kuputika.
Apo chiratidzo cheGM chingave chisina kukwana pane chaicho kune chirwere cheZika. Zika virusi ndeyomhuri yeFlaviviridae uye inowirirana zvikuru nemirwere inokonzera dengue fever , yellow fever , uye Japanese encephalitis . Nemhaka yeizvi, muedzo unogona nguva nenguva kudzorera mhinduro isina kururama. Izvi ndezvimwe zvezvikonzero nei kuongorora kwekusimbisa kuchikosha.
Pamusana pekunzwisisa kwepamusoro, chirwere chakaipa cheGI chinogona kuonekwa sechinyatsojeka.
Plaque Kuchengetedza Nzira yekutengesa
Nhamba yekudzivirira kuperevedza kwekutengesa (PRNT) chiratidzo chinoyera chiyero chekudzivirira zvirwere muropa. Neutralizing antibodies ichinyorwa chema immunoglobins vane basa rekuuraya chirwere. Kusiyana nekusava neutralizing antibodies inowanikwa muIgM kuongororwa, kusagadzirisa zvirwere zvinogona kuramba zviri mumuviri kwemakore, zvakagadzirira kurwisa kana chirwere ichi chichioneka.
I-PRNT yakachengeterwa kuongorora mitsva inogona kunge isinganzwisisiki, inonzwisisika, kana inokurudzira.
Kuedzwa mukudzivirira
Nhungamiro yekuongororwa pamuviri inopesana zvichienderana kana iwe, saamai, une zviratidzo uye uri muhupenyu hunopfuurira hwehutachiona. ICCD ino inokurudzira:
- Kana iwe uri nepamuviri uye une zviratidzo zvekuedza Zika, NAT uye IgM zvinogona kuitwa panguva imwe chete mukati mavhiki gumi nemaviri ekuonekwa kwezviratidzo.
- Kana iwe usina zviratidzo asi uchifungidzira kuti wakamboratidzwa, iwe unofanira kuongororwa mukati memavhiki maviri kusvikira kune gumi ekudzoka kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yakazara kana kurara nemurume anonzi ane Zita virusi.
- Kana iwe uri nepamuviri uye ugare munharaunda umo kune chiitiko chinoramba chiripo chokutsvaga, unofanirwa kuva nechirongwa cheGM panguva yekushanyirwa kwako kwekutanga musati waenda kutarisirwa uye kushanyira mamwe maviri.
- Kana i-ultrasound inoratidza zviratidzo zvekuremara kwekuberekwa zvakaenderana neZika virusi, iwe uchapiwa zvose Test Test NAT uye IgM. NAT kuongorora amniotic fluid inogonawo kuitwa.
Kusiyanisa Kuziva
Nemhaka yokuti Zika chirwere chakakodzana mumatomu ekunyora uye / kana zviratidzo kune zvimwe zvipembenene uye zvisingaiti zvirwere zvinotapurirwa, zvimwe zvinokonzera zvingada kubudiswa kunze kana mhinduro dzako dziripo zvisingasviki. Vangangosanganisira:
- Chikungunya virus
- Dengue
- Leptospirosis
- Malariya
- Parvovirus
- Rubella
- Rickettsial utachiona
- Yellow Fever
Kana Ukaedza Zvakanaka
Chinhu chakanaka chaZika chichatsigira kuti une chirwere. Kuti urege kudzivirira hutachiwana kune mumwe munhu wepabonde, iwe unogona kunge uchida kurega zvepabonde kana kushandisa kondomu nguva dzose mushure memwedzi mitanhatu. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana mumwe wako ari pamuviri kana mumakore ekuberekera vana.
Kana ukawana chiitiko chakanaka panguva yekuzvitakura, hazvireve kuti mwana wako achawana chirema kana kuti iwe uchatora pamuviri. Ruzhinji rwezvipembenene izvi hazvikonzeri chimwe chezvinetso izvi. Pane kudaro, nguva dzose zvinowanzoitwa kuti uone kufambira mberi kwomwana wako uye kutarisa chero zviratidzo zvekutambudzika.
Kana mwana wako akaberekwa asina zvikanganiso, mimwe miedzo ichaitwa kuitira kuti zvose zvive zvakanaka, kusanganisira:
- Zika chirwere chekuedza pakuzvarwa
- Chirwere chekunzwa vasati vabuda kuchipatara
- Musoro we ultrasound mukati memwedzi umwe wekuzvarwa
- Iro rakanyatsoongorora chekuona mukati memwedzi umwe wekuzvarwa
- Chirongwa chekuongorora maitiro e-brainstem response (ABR) mushure memwedzi mumwechete wokuberekwa kuti uongorore mwana anonzwa mitsipa
Kana mwana wako akaberekwa ane chiremera chemhando ipi zvayo, ingave yakakura kana yakakura, kutumirwa kunenge kwaitwa kune vanodzivirira mahara, ophthalmologists, uye vamwe vadzidzisi vanogona kubata uye kutarisira mamiriro emwana wenyu. Kubudirira uye mamwe mabasa ekupindira aizotsvakwa mukuwedzera kumabasa ekutsigira mhuri.
> Sources:
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Zika uye Kuberekwa: Kuongorora nekuongororwa | Congenital Zika Virus Infection." Atlanta, Georgia; yakarongwa musi waApril 16, 2018.
> CDC. "Zika Virus: Kuongorora Kuongororwa kweZera Virus." Yakapedzerwa December 12, 2017.
> Petersen, E .; Polen, K .; Meaney-Delman, Dana; et al. "Kuvandudza: Nhungamiro Yechirongwa Chekuchengetedza Utano Vanotarisira Vakadzi Vokuberekwa Kwezera neZika Virus Zvingave Zvichaitika- > United > States, 2016." MMWR. 2016; 65 (12): 315-22. DOI: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6512e2.