Chiremera chakaberekwa chinonzi microcephaly chakacherechedzwa muna 2016 nekuda kweZika virus , iyo yakapararira pamusoro peBrazil nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeLatin America, zvichiita kuti World Health Organization iparidze hurumende yehurumende. Utachiona hwave huchawanikwa huchikonzera kukanganisa kuberekwa.
ICentral for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inopfuurira kupa mazano vakadzikadzi vane pamuviri vanofambisa kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo neZika nekuda kwekunetseka kuti hutachiona hweamai pane chero chiitiko chepamuviri kunogona kuwedzera njodzi ye microcephaly.
ICDC inopawo avo vakaronga kutora pamuviri kuti vataurirane nachiremba wavo kana vachifunga nezvekufamba kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Chii Chinonzi Microcephaly?
Microcephaly ndiyo iyo musoro wemwana muduku kudarika zvakatarirwa. Izwi rinoreva zviduku ( micro in Latin) uye musoro ( cephaly muchiGiriki). Ihwo hunosimbisa huripo huripo musoro uri muduku kudarika muviri uye uchienzaniswa nevamwe vezera rimwe chete.
Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa pakuberekwa. Musoro maduku kazhinji unoreva kuti uropi hausi hudiki chete, asi hwakagadzirwa nenzira isiri. Izvi zvinogona kureva kuora kwemaurologic kwevana vakagadzikana. Kunyanya kunonoka kunobva pane zvakasimba uye zvakananga zvekusimudzirwa kusina kujairika.
Pane huwandu hukuru hwakawanda hwemucheche mutsva. Zvimwe zvakakura zvikuru uye zvimwe zviduku zvikuru, izvo zvinogona kutarisa kune zvinetso zvakasiyana siyana zvinoda kutariswa. Vabereki 'misoro inowanzotariswa nguva pfupi mushure mekuberekwa uye pakushanyirwa kwachiremba, izvo zvinowanzotariswa kana chirwere chacho chichionekwa.
Inogona kuonekwa zvakare pane ultrasound panguva yekuzvitakura, iyo inogona kuratidzawo zvimwe zvisiri izvo. (Izvi zvinogona kurondedzerwa sezvirevo zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana pasi pezvinoreva (kana kuenzanisa), kana zvinogona kuva zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana pasi apa).
Chii Chinonzi Microcephaly Chinoreva Vana Vacheche?
Ihwo hupenyu hwose. Hakuna kurapwa kunoshandura iyo kana kuonekwa.
Icho chinokonzera chikonzero chingada kubatwa.
Inogona kubatanidzwa nekukurumidza kunonoka (kunonoka kutaura, kugara, kumira kana kufamba), zvinetso zvepfungwa (zvinetso kudzidza kana kushanda muupenyu hwezuva nezuva), kugumburwa, zvinetso kuona kana kunzwa, zvinetso kudya uye kumedza, uye kuoma kufamba kana kuenzanisa. Kubudirira kwemashumiro nekupindira kwekutanga nekumwe rubatsiro uye rubatsiro rwezvechiremba kunogona kubatsira vana. Mamiriro akasiyana akasiyana siyana ekusimbisa mafundo.
Inongova Muchechecheti Musoro Musoro Chete Here?
Microcephaly inowanzobatanidzwa nezvimwe zvinowanikwa. Iko kunogona kuva maverengi muuropi (clumps of calcium iyo haisi yepfungwa); uropi hukuru hungave hudiki kwazvo; mhepo inogona kunge yakakura (iyo ndiyo inonzi cerebrospinal fluid inopoteredza uropi inopfuura).
Chii Chinokonzera Microcephaly?
Microcephaly haina kujairika. Iyo kazhinji isingawanikwi kwose kwose. Inogona kutadza kuongororwa kana inogona kunge isinganyorwa kwose kwose.Kuchengetedzwa kunobva pane zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa. Pane kusiyanisa mune tsanangudzo ye microcephaly nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakashandiswa.
Microcephaly inogona kuva yepamusoro, uko uropi husingatangi kubva kubva pakutanga, iyo inowanzoita genetic. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, microcephaly inogona kuva nekukwanisa kuva nekromosome imwechete kupfuura vanhu vakawanda.
Microcephaly inogonawo kuva yechipiri, uko kukura kwehuropi kunotanga kazhinji asi kunomiswa kana mhuka inokuvara.
Microcephaly inogona kusanganiswa kubudiswa mu utero kune doro uye kunyange kusagadzikana kana kutungamirira kana mercury. Zvinogona kuva nekuda kwekukuvara kunorwadza. Iyo inogona kunge yakabatana nezvirwere mumamai, saPhenylketonuria (PKU). Dzimwe nguva zvinoratidzika sekusununguka ndicho chinokonzera asi zvichida hachisi.
Chii Chakaita Kuti Tifunge Kuti Zika Inokonzera Microcephaly?
Zika yave ichizivikanwa kwemakore, asi basa rayo mukukudziridza kwechecheche harina kumboonekwa. Inogona kunge iri munzvimbo dzaive dzakajairika zvokuti vazhinji vakave neutachiona sevana, vasati vaita pamuviri.
Zvingave zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakapararira zvikuru pakati pemeshe uye utsi, kuti vashoma vasikana vane pamuviri vaitapukirwa. Kana kuti zvingadaro zvakaita kuti vana vashomanana vakaberekerwa mune zvivako zvakaona microcephaly-uye Zika haina kuitika sechirwere-kamwe-kamwe kuti hukama pakati pezviratidzo zvinyoro (kana zvisipo) pakuberekwa hwakanga husina kuwirirana pamwe nekukanganisa kwepanguva dzimwe nguva.
Izvi zvose zvakashandurwa apo Zika yakauya uye yakatanga kuwedzera muWestern Hemisphere. Hapana munhu akanga akadzivirira. Vagari vomunyu uye vanhu vakanga vari pangozi. Chirwere ichi chakapararira chirwere.
a. MuBrazil, vaviri vakavhiringidzika uye vana vaviri vakaberekerwa ne microcephaly vakaratidzirwa kuti vane chirwere cheZika chiripo, vanaamai vakarondedzera kuva neZika zviratidzo, uye vana vaviri vakaberekerwa vakaratidzwa kuti vane Zika vari mumoyo yavo isati yasimudzirwa.
b. Mumwe mwana akaberekwa muHawaii akazvarwa ane microcephaly uye akawanikwa aine Zika mushure mokunge amai vacho vane zviratidzo panguva yekuzvitakura apo aigara muBrazil pave paya paakange aberekwa.
c. Brazil yakaziva mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kupfuura zvaiwanzoona nezve microcephaly. Zika utachiona hwakatanga kusvika munaMay 2015, kubva muna Gumiguru 2015 kusvikira kutanga kwaJanuary 2016, mhomho yepamusoro ye 3500 ma microcephaly yakaonekwa. Zvimwe zviitiko zvakanyanya kunyanya; vamwe vakafa. Kunyangwe kana kufarira uku ku microcephaly kwakatungamirira kune kuzivikanwa kwakawanda kwemhosva, izvo zvingave zvisiri pasi-zvataurwa, iyi inonyanya kuyerwa. Izvi zvakasvika kudarika ka10 zvakapfuura kupfuura zviyero.
Izvozvi hazviratidzika sechiitiko cheBrazil kamwe chete kuongorora microcephaly. IU.S. kazhinji inowanzoona microcephaly muvana vaviri kusvika kune vane gumi nemaviri kubva pa10 000 kuberekwa kurarama. Izvi zvaizova madambudziko mazana maviri kusvika ku1200 mumwedzi mitatu muUnited States, iyo inowona kuberekwa kwakawanda. Brazil ine vana vashomanana vakazvarwa (Brazil inenge inowanikwa pamakamuri matatu nenhamba yezvarwadziro.) Brazil ine zvishoma kune zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevanhu veU.S. (mamiriyoni 200 vs. mamiriyoni 318) uye kungowanikwa zvishoma chete (15/1000 kana ichienzaniswa ne 13/1000)).
d. Mhosva dze microcephaly dzaiwanzoonekwa munzvimbo dzakanyanya kunetseka neZika, pedyo neBahia kumadokero kweBrazil.
f. Ultrasound muBrazil yakaratidza microcephaly mumabereki maviri pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvakananga (kufanana nekuverenga) zvakafanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvehutachiona zvirwere. Vose vanaamai vane pamuviri vaiti vave vane zviratidzo zveZika-asi (asi zvino vakanga vasina kunaka); amniocentesis yakanyorwa Zika mu amniotic fluid, kureva. mu utero zvirwere.
Zvichipa izvi zvinonetsa, Brazilian Ministry of Health, US CDC, nevamwe vakawanda vari kunetseka pamusoro pemagumisiro ehutachiona huno, kana zvisinei, zvingave nevana.
Sei Tichiri Ikozvino Kudzidza Izvi NezveZika?
Zika itsva kune Western Hemisphere, asi haisi itsva kunyika. Yakawanikwa muAfrica uye munguva ichangobva kuAsia uye Pacific Islands. Yakange ichizivikanwa kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu. Asi hutachiona huri huzhinji husingawanikwi mumakiriniki. Zvichida kana paiva nesangano, zvingave zvisina kuwanikwa.
Ikoko hapangadai pasina vakadzi vakawanda vane pamuviri vanotapukirwa uye saka 'kubuda kwe microcephaly' hakuzovipo, izvo zvingadai zvakaita kuti kuwirirane. Mumakiriniki ane zvishoma zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa zvingasachengetwa pamashoko akaita sa microcephaly, kunyange kana akaonekwa. Vacheche-uye kunyange makomana-ane microcephaly akaoma angasaponawo kwenguva yakareba, kunyanya kana zvigadzirwa zvishoma.
Uyezve, mune imwe nzvimbo iyo hutachiona hwaive yakajairika, vasikana vaizovhirwa neumhutu uye vaine utachiona zvakanaka vasati vakwegura zvakakwana kuti vave nepamuviri, saka vadzivise dambudziko iri. Izvi zvinoratidzwa neChickenpox, iyo kazhinji inobata vana uye kwete vakadzi vanozvitakura, munyika dzakadai seU.SU musati wagoneka.
Zvinogonawo kuti kubuda kwechimbichimbi kunogona kuchinja, kunyange kuwedzera, viral load dynamics.
Kune Zvimwe Zvirwere Zvinokonzera Microcephaly?
Hongu, kune zvimwe zvingaita kuti mamwe mavharusi aite izvi.
Varicella: Utachiona hunokonzera chickenpox hunogonawo kunge hwakanaka pakuzvitakura. Pamberi pokupora maivapo, vashomanana chaizvo vana vakazviita kuva vanhu vakuru vasina kutapukirwa. Somugumisiro, vashomanana vakadzi vakanga vari pangozi yekuwana chickenpox pavakanga vava nepamuviri. Vakawanda vakanga vaine utachiona uye vakanga vasati vava nepamuviri vasati vava nepamuviri. Mune zviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki apo amai vakagadzira varicella panguva yekuzvitakura, pane njodzi dzakawanda kumwana. Imwe yeiyi yaiva microcephaly.
Chickenpox inogonawo kuva chirwere chakakomba kuna amai pamwe chete.
Rubella: Utachiona huri kubviswa muWestern Hemisphere hunoshandiswa kukonzera kukanganisa kuberekwa kana vanaamai vane utachiona panguva yekuzvitakura. Chimwe chezvizvarwa izvi zvakaberekwa zvikava microcephaly. Izvozvi kuberekwa kukanganisa- Congenital Rubella Syndrome-yakanga iri chikonzero chikuru chekutarisa kubviswa. Kuberekwa kweRubella kwave kwakakosha zvikuru, kudzivirira vana vakawanda nevana vavo kuti vatarise matambudziko aya.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Utachiona, iyo yakajairika, hunotungamirira kune chirwere chemono-sechidiki muna amai, asi chinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakawanda pamucheche. Utachiona hunotakura 30 kusvika ku40 muzana yekutengesa ku fetus; anenge anenge mana kusvika kune mumwe muhutachi hutachiona hutatu acharatidza zviratidzo zvehutachiwana mushure mokuberekwa. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akawanda-zvakadai sekurasikirwa kwekunzwa, pamwe nekuona uye kukura kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka. Inogonawo kutungamirira ku microcephaly.
Toxoplasmosis: Utachiona hwechirwere hunogona kutungamirira ku microcephaly zvakare. Inogonawo kutungamirira kune zvimwe zviratidzo-kuputika, maziso anonzi yellowed kana ganda (jaundice), uye kuverenga muuropi, uyewo matambudziko eziso uye mvura kuvaka-up muuropi (hydrocephalus).
Utachiona hweHIV: Kubata pamuviri muHIV + vanaamai vanogona kunge vane utano hwakanaka nekurapa kwakanaka. Kune avo vasingakwanisi kuwana kana kuti vasingakwanisi kuwana mishonga yeHIV, kune ngozi kune mwana. Pamatambudziko aya, microcephaly yakave ichionekwa pane imwe nguva.