Yellow fever inokonzerwa ne flavivirus, inoparadzirwa nemasquito muAfrica neSouth America, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine masango akaoma kana masango. Chirwere chakafanana nehutachiona chinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakadai sefivha, chills, uye muviri aches anenge mazuva matatu kusvika matanhatu kubva kune utachiona, uye kurapwa hakuwanzodi. Zvisinei, kune 10 kubva muzana kusvika kune 15 kubva muzana yeavo vane utachiona, inogona kuva yakakomba, inokonzerwa nefivha huru, jaundice, nezvimwe zvinetso.
Yellow fever inogona kuuraya.
Nhoroondo, Chiitiko, uye Reach
Kwemakore, yellow fever yakarongedzwa zviri nani kudarika zvaiitwa kare, kunyanya nokuti kune chirwere chekudzivirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, WHO inofungidzira kuti vanenge 84 000 kusvika 170 000 vanhu vanotapukirwa ne yellow fever gore negore. Zvinotendwa kuti zviitiko zvakawanda hazviwanikwi, saka huwandu hwakazara hwehutano hwechirwere hahuna kunyatsojeka.
Vose se 29,000 kusvika ku 78,000 vanhu vanorwara nehutano gore negore pasi rose.
Yellow fever iripo munzvimbo dzenharaunda iyo utachiona uye utsi hunogona kupona. Izvi zvinonyanya kutarisana nemamiriro ekunze uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo yemasango.
Munzvimbo zhinji yeSouth America, hutachiona hahwukonzeri kuputika mumaguta. Inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakanyanya chaizvo, inowanikwa mumasango ari kure kana masango, uko hutachiona hunopararira mumhuka.
Ikoko, inowanikwa muAmazon, kunyanya muBrazil, inosvika kuPeru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, uye Argentina.
Nyika dziri pangozi dzinosanganisira Panama, Trinidad neTobago, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, uye Suriname.
Asi inenge 90 muzana ye yellow fever inofungidzirwa kuti inowanikwa muAfrica, uko vazhinji vanofa kubva kuhutachiona hunoitika. Inowanikwa kuWest uye Central Africa, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEast Africa.
Nyika dzeAfrica dzine ngozi ye yellow fever dzinosanganisira: Angola; Bhenini; Bhakina Faso; Bhurundi; Kameruni; Yepakati Ripabhuriki Afrika; Chadhi; Republic of Congo; Cote d'lvoire; Dhemokiratiki Ripabhuriki yeKongo; Ikwetoriya Gini; Ithiyopiya; Gabhoni; Gambiya; Ghana; Gini; Gini Bhisau; Kenya; Raibheriya; Mari; Mauritaniya; Naija; Naijeriya; Rwanda; Senegaro; Siyera Riyoni; Sudhani; South Sudan; Togo neUganda.
Muna 2016, pakava nokuputika muguta guru reAngola, uko vanhu vanopfuura 200 vakapera nehutachiona. Utachiona huri kupararira mumusoro uye mumatunhu akawanda munyika. Nepo zvisingafungi kuti zvinogara muAsia, vafambi nevashandi vakadzokera kumba kuChina vachibva kuAngola vane chirwere.
Utachiona hunoshandiswa kuwedzera zvakanyanya mune zvepakati pane zvazviri ikozvino. Yakatanga kusvika kuUnited States pakuguma kwema1600s. Zvinotendwa kuti zvakaunzwa nekutengeserana kwevanhu pakati peAfrica neAmerica, apo utsi uye hutachiona hwakatakurwa pamwe nevanhu vaigara munzvimbo dzakaoma. Yakasvika kure nechokumaodzanyemba seBoston, New York, uye Philadelphia, uye yakaramba iri kumadokero kwemaguta kusvika kuma1800s. Utachiona hwakapararirawo nekutengeserana kuEurope ports kusvika kure kuchamhembe seCardiff neDublin, kunyange zvazvo nyika dzakadai seGreece dzaiva pangozi.
Zviratidzo
Kune vanhu vazhinji, yellow fever inokonzera chirwere chinorwara kana kuti inoenda isingaoneki. Iko kunowanzotora mazuva matatu kusvika matanhatu pakati pekutarisana nehutachiona kuburikidza nekurumwa kwemumonyo uye kurwara. Kana iwe uine zvirwere zvishoma uye usati wava kurwara zvikuru, unotarisirwa kuti uwane kuzorora zvakakwana. Kune vamwe vanhu, zvakadaro, yellow fever inokonzera fevha, chills, aches, kubuda ropa, maziso ezuva uye ganda, kushungurudzika, kurutsa, kuvhiringidzika, kushorwa, nhengo kusakona-kunyange rufu.
Kune vanhu vane ruzivo rwe yellow yellow , kune zvikamu zvitatu zvekurwara:
Utachiona hwepakutanga hunoitika mazuva matatu kusvika kumatanhatu mushure mekutsvaga.
Iwe unogona kuve nefivha, mushushi aches, kushungurudza, kurutsa, dutu, uye kuneta.
Kuregererwa kunoitika mazuva maviri kusvika matatu gare gare. Fivhiri, kana iripo, inodonha uye zviratidzo zviri nani. Izvi zvinogona kupera kwemaawa 24 kusvika ku48. Vanhu vakawanda vanorarama panguva ino. Inenge 15 muzana yevanhu vanotapukirwa nehutachiona vanoramba vaine zvirwere zvakanyanya.
Dambudziko rakakomba : Fivhiri, kusuruvara, uye kurutsa zvinowanikwa kana iwe uine zvirwere zvakanyanya. Zviratidzo zvitsva uye zviratidzo zvinobuda mumatambudziko makuru:
- Jaundice: Vanhu vakawanda vane zvirwere zvakakomba vanopinda ruvara rweganda (kusanganisira mapende uye masango), vatsvene vemaziso, uye ganda riri pasi porurimi. Ichi chiratidzo chinopa yellow fever zita racho.
- Vamwe vanhu vanotanga kukuvadza nyore kana kuva neropa kubva munzvimbo dzakawanda mumuviri. Kunyanya, iwe unogona kuona kubuda ropa kubva mumhino dzako, zvimwe zviputi zvemukati, kana kuti kubva panzvimbo inowanikwa, kana iwe unogona kuona ropa mumarutsi ako.
- Sero rekuyera ropa rinogona kunge rakaderera, zvinoreva kuti kune masero mashoma emunodzi munguva yehutachiona.
- Kuyera ropa kunogona kuratidza kuti chiropa chakakanganiswa, icho chinogona kuonekwa nekuvapo kwemazymesa emuropa mukati meropa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika musati jaundice inokura.
- Kana hutachiona huri nani, hutachiona hwechiropa hunotarisirwa kukwira kusvikira vhiki yechipiri yeurwere uye zvino hutanga kudonha kusvika kune chaiyo.
- Avo vanodzoka kuita ma antibodies anorwisana nehutachiona sezvaanonyangarika. Utachiona hunogara muropa nguva refu kune avo vanorwara zvikuru.
- Chirwere chakakomba chinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvekuvhiringidzika, uye pakupedzisira, chikamu chisakundikana.
Inenge 20 muzana kusvika 50 muzana yeavo vane chirwere chakakomba vanogona kufa.
Zvinokonzera
Yellow fever inokonzerwa ne flavivirus , rina rimwe rakapetwa RNA virus yakaparadzirwa neAedes aegypti utsi. Iyo mhutu, iyo inokonzerawo Zika uye Dengue, ikoizvo, inonzi yellow fever utsi. Iyo yellow fever virus inogonawo kuparadzirwa nemamwe mamiko, Aedes africanus muAfrica kana Haemagogus uye Sabethes mamiko kuSouth America.
Utsi hunoendesa hutachiwana nekudya paropa romumwe munhu ane utachiona kana zvimwe zvipembenene, zvakadai semonkey, uye zvichibva zvarova mumwe munhu kana zvimwe. Utsi hunogona kutora hutachiona kana ukadya ropa rakapindwa muropa pamberi pekuti munhu kana mhuka itange fivhiri uye kusvika mazuva mashanu gare gare.
Transmission Cycles
Utachiona hutatu hwakasiyana-siyana hwekutenderera: jungle (sylvatic), mukati-kati (savannah), uye mumaguta. Yellow fever inopararira mune rimwe guta yakasiyana chaizvo neyero fever inowanikwa musango kana musango, uye ndiyo yekare ndiyo inotyisa zvikuru.
Apo yellow fever inopararira musango inonyanya kupararira pasina vanhu. Inopararira kubva kune vanhu vasiri vanhu (semonkey) kune vanhu vasiri mhuka neumhutu. Kana vanhu vakashanyira munzvimbo yerenje (taura nezvemigodhi, kuvhima, kana kutashanyira), vanogonawo kunyorerwa nemumhutu uye kurwara.
Muchikamu chepakati (chinonziwo savannah cycle), yellow fever inopararira nguva dzose pakati pembongoro nevanhu kuburikidza nemumhutu, munzvimbo dziri kumucheto kwezvikomo. Inogona kuparadzira monkey kumunhu, monkey kusvika monkey, munhu kumunhu, kana munhu kumonkey.
Mumuguta, yellow fever inopararira zvikuru pakati pevanhu kuburikidza nemumhutu unogara mumaguta. Inowanzotanga apo mumwe munhu anenge atapukirwa nehutachiwana anodzoka kubva munharaunda. Inogona kukonzera kubuda kwechimbichimbi uye kwakakura munzvimbo dzakazara mumaguta.
Kuziva
Kuongororwa kwe yellow-yellow kunowanikwa munhoroondo yekliniki yekutsvaira kumumonyo kuruma munzvimbo yakazara, uyewo nhoroondo yezviratidzo. Kune miedzo shomanana inogona kutsigira kana kusimbisa kuonekwa kwe yellow fever.
- Muongorori weAntiyopiyo: Iyi miedzo ndiyo yakanyatsogadziriswa kuongororwa kwe yellow fever. Inotarisa kuvapo kwezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kumaprotini muropa rako, izvo zvinoratidza kuti iwe uri kurwisana kana kuti wakarwisa zvakasimba utachiona. Zvinogona kutora mazuva mashoma kuti muviri wako uwane ma antibodies anokwanisa kuti aonekwe, zvakadaro. Iwe unogona kunge wakamirira kusvika kumavhiki maviri kuti uwane mhinduro dzako.
- Viral PCR test: PCR miedzo inogona kuona maitiro ehutachiwana muropa rako. A positive PCR test inoratidza kuti une hutachiwana mumuviri wako, saka inofananidzwa sechirwere chakasimba chekuwana hutachiona kupfuura chirwere chepachirwere. Chimwe chikamu chakakosha: Iropa reRNA inoonekwa kare mushure mekutachiona, asi haisi nyore kuonekwa pashure pemazuva mashoma ehutachiona. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kuwana mukana wekutadza wePCR kunyange iwe une utachiona.
- Urini muedzo: Chiyero chetsva chinogona kuona chirwere chePRR mumuguta, zvichiita kuti kuongororwa kunoshanda. Zvisinei, iyi muedzo, apo ichivimbisa, haisati yashandiswa zvakanyanya.
Kurapa
Hapana hutachiona hwehutano hwe yellow fever. Zvisinei, chirwere chinogona kuva chakakomba zvikuru, uye zvinetso zvakabatana zvinogona kudiwa kurapwa. Kurapa kwe yellow fever kunofanira kutarisirwa uye kuitika muchipatara, kwete kumba. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kudzivirira kubuda ropa: Nemhaka yehutano hwekubuda ropa, mishonga inoita kuti iite, yakadai sa aspirin, ibuprofen, uye naproxen, inofanira kudziviswa.
- Kuwedzerwa: Kuchengetedza hydration muhutano hwose nemuromo kana kuti zvirwere zve IV zvinogona kunge zvakakosha, kunyanya kana iwe uchirasikirwa kana kuderedzwa kweropa.
- Kutya fever : Kazhinji, yellow fever inobatanidzwa nechepasi mapefi fever. Asi kana fevha yako ichikwira kupfuura yakatarisirwa, unogona kudikanwa nemishonga yekudzikisa kutonhora kwako.
- Marwadzo: Kana uine kurwadziwa kwemuviri kana kusagadzikana kwakawanda, zvinogona kutarisirwa nemuromo kana kujowa kurwadziwa kunorwadza.
- Ropa rutsigiro rutsigiro: Kune avo vari kushamisika, izvo zvinowanzoitika apo ropa rinoderera zvikuru, ropa redu rinogona kusimudzwa nemishonga inogadzirisa mishonga yeropa, inowanzonzi sevadzvinyiriri.
- Kutungamirirwa kwechimiro chakakundikana: Kana yellow fever inokonzera kukanganisa kwechimiro, nhengo idzi dzinofanira kutsigirwa apo chirwere chinowedzera. Somuenzaniso, ventilator inogona kudiwa kuti ibatsire nekufema; dialysis inogona kudiwa kuita basa reitsvo.
Kudzivirira
Nokuti yellow fever yave iripo kwekanguva, kutapurirwa kwehutachiwana kunonzwisiswa zvakanaka. Heano dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira utachiona :
- Hemo : Kubva kune vamwe vanhu, chirwere chinokurudzirwa. Kana iwe uchigara munzvimbo yakaoma, iwe unogona kunge uine hutachiona hwehutachiona uye unofanirwa kutevera mazano anoshanda pamusoro pekudzivirira iwe nevana vako. Kana uri kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo iyo yellow fever iripo, iwe ungangodaro unoda kuva nechirwere. Kazhinji, zvirwere zvevafambi hazviwanikwi zvakanyanya, uye iwe unogona kuisa musangano pane imwe kliniki yekufambisa. Zvakakoshawo kuronga mberi, sezvaunofanirwa kuwana chirwere chacho mazuva gumi zvisati wasvika.
- Mucherechedzo: Kana iwe uri munzvimbo yakaoma, iwe unogona kuzvidzivirira iwe nevana vako kurwisa utsi. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingagoneki nguva dzose kuti udzivise zvachose maitiro, iwe unogona kupfeka zvidimbu, kunyanya kana uchifamba mumasango nemasango, uye unogona kushandisa tsvina inopera. Inokurudzirwawo kurara pasi pemambure ekudzivirira, kunyange kana iwe uchange uine mukamuri rakapoteredzwa.
- Kudzivirira vamwe: Kazhinji, nokuti hutachiona hunogona kupararira kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu kuburikidza nemumhutu, zvinokurudzirwa kuti urambe uri mumambure eumhutu kuitira kuti usaparadzire hutachiona kana iwe uchiziva kuti wakatapukirwa.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana uri kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo iyo yellow fever iripo, unofanira kutora zvidzidzo zvinokurudzirwa; Kuita kudaro kuchaita kuti kuderedza ngozi yako yehutachiona.
Ivawo nechokwadi kuti uzvizive nezviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa kuitira kuti ugone kutsvaga kurapwa kana iwe uine utachiona. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vazhinji vane yellow fever vane hutano hwakanaka, mikana yeimwe inokura zvakanyanya kana iwe ukawana unyanzvi hwemhizha musati matambudziko aitika.
> Sources:
> Cui S, Pan Y, Lyu Y. Kuongorora yellow fever virus genomes kubva kumakumbo mana akatengeswa muChina. Int J Inofadza Dis. 2017 Jul; 60: 93-95. doi: 10.1016 / j.ijid.2017.05.001. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
> Hughes HR Russell BJ, Mossel EC, Kayiwa J, Lutwama J, Lambert AJ. Kuvandudzwa kwemazuva chaiwo e-RT-PCR kuedza kwekuparadzana kwenyika yose ye yellow fever virus vaccine zvirwere zvakashata kubva kune hutachiona hwepanyama. J Clin Microbiol. 2018 Apr 11. pii: JCM.00323-18. doi: 10.1128 / JCM.00323-18. [Epub mberi kwekunyora]