Akanga ari muzororo kure nemusha. Paiva nechiratidzo chemukati tube rafting. Zvaiita sekunakidza. Mvura yakanga isiri yakaoma.
Akanga achisayirira kukwikwidza. Ikoko kwakanga kune chikamu chaaizofanira kuzvikanda nacho muchiuno chakakwirira mudope. Zvaiita sokuti zvakaoma asi hazvina kuonekwa seyengozi
A bit of adventure, but not much risk. Chinhu ndechokuti, izvi chaizvoizvo zvinokonzera ngozi yeLeptospirosis.
Leptospirosis inogona kuva chirwere chakakomba, asi zvinoshamisika, kune vakawanda, hazvisi. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvinokonzera matambudziko; 90% inokonzera zvishoma kana zvisipo zviratidzo. Asi dzimwe nguva chirwere chinowanzozonzi Lepto, chinogona kuva chakakomba uye kunyange chakauraya.
Iyo chirwere chinowanikwa munyika yose iyo kazhinji isingazivikanwi. Njodzi dzaro hadzizivikanwi. Chirwere ichi - chakawandisa sezvazviri - chinopararira vanhu pavanosangana nemvura kana dope rave rine pikiti (kana imwe mhuka) inotakura mukati mayo inotakura bhakitiriya.
Leptospirosis chirwere chinodzivirirwa uye chinoporesa. Kuziva njodzi uye chirwere ichi chinokosha.
Apo Leptospirosis Inowanzozivikanwa
Lepto inobata misoro yepamusoro apo-muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki-inoshandura izvo zvinoita sechidiki chiduku kana rudzi rune mvura shoma kana dope kupinda muchipatara kana chimwe chinhu chakaipa kune mumwe mutambi ane utano hwakanaka. Zvirwere zvinogona kuitika kwose kwose munyika.
Leptospirosis maitiro akaonekwa muIdaho neLos Angeles ndokubva adzokera shure kune imwe ye "Eco-Challenge" nhanho yevhisi muBorneo muMalaysia.
Uyu makwikwi, ayo aisanganisira kushambira murwizi, akatungamirira kune zvirwere zvakawanda. Ongororo yakawana 50% vakanga vachirwara kubva kune vatambi vakakurumbira vaisangana pakati pevanhu vanopfuura 300 kubva kunyika 26. Saizvozvowo, murwere muNew York akacherechedza chirwere ichi kudzokera kunhangemutange kuburikidza nehombekombe muFlorida, iyo yakanga yakanyatsokonzera kutapurika anenge anenge 1 mumakwikwi mana.
Triathalons muWisconsin uye Illinois zvakatungamirirawo kune zvirwere.
Zvirwere zvinogonawo kuuya kubva kunyura, kayaking, mukati-tubing, kushambira mumvura inoita sokuti yakachengeteka. Pane imwe yapfuura yeOlympic Gold Medal rower yakafa muLondon yakabata Lepto. Vakashambira vanorayirwa kuti vadzivise dzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura dzakachena muHawaii - nyika ine ngozi yakanyanya yeLeptospirosis. Chirwere ichi chakave chakabatwa kubva kuRafting kurwizi rwuri muThai mukati mehutu muVang Vieng, Laos. Vashandi vanoenda kumvura yakachena-rafting muSri Lanka vane utachiona hwemakore 17 kubva ku19. Makwikwi mumakwikwi echitsiko pasi peRwizi Liffey muIreland (iyo inotanga kuburikidza neDublin) yakatapukirwawo.
Kakawanda, chirwere chinogona kuva nekushambira, rafting, kanoeing, kayaking, splashing kana kukwira mumvura kana mumatope, nemamwe mabasa mumatope kana mvura.
Ko Leptospirosis Inobata Sei?
Chikonzero chacho chakanaka zvikuru - rat pee. Kubata mvura, ivhu, kana dope zvakasvibiswa nekambani yemakirini inotakura mabhakitiriya inogona kutungamirira kuchirwere. Inogonawo kuparadzirwa nemugove kubva kune dzimwe mhuka - imbwa, nguruve, mombe, kana vanhu, mune zvisingawanzoitika. Zvishongo zvekudzivirira uye zvipfeko zvinodikanwa kune chero kupi zvayo kusvibiswa kumvura yakasvibiswa, ivhu, kana dope. Pane kunetseka kuti kumedza mvura yakasvibiswa kune ngozi.
Ndiani Anobatwa?
Vanhu vazhinji vanobatwa neLeptospirosis havasi vatambi pane imwe nguva.
Vakawanda vanobatwa vanogara mumamiriro ekudziya. Vangangodaro vanoratidzirwa basa kana kuti kuburikidza nehupenyu hwavo. Inofungidzirwa 0,1 kusvika ku1 000 pa100 000 mumamiriro okunze anononoka anotapukirwa gore negore uye 10 kana kupfuura pa100 000 mumamiriro ekunze.
Mafashamo anogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko, kunyanya nekuchinja mamiriro ekusika. Dutu guru muOrissa, Dutu reTaiwan, uye Hurricanes muCaribbean neCentral America.
Kunyange zvazvo lepto isingabatanidzi nemvura ine mchere kana yegungwa, yakawanikwa kuti pashure pokunge dutu risvika, ivhu rakasvibiswa mumvura inoyerera rinogona kuisa vanhu pangozi sezvinoonekwa mushure mekunge Dutu (Yolanda) muPhilippines.
Avo vanogara munharaunda vanowanzobatwa - kana pasina huwandu hwekutsvaga muhutsanana, mvura, uye kuronga maitiro. Kunyanya vari panjodzi ndeavo vanogara munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakapoteredzwa mumaguta. Mabasa ehurumende - mvura yakachena, kukohwa kwechibage, vermin kubviswa, tsvina - inodzivirira kubva ku leptospirosis. Nzvimbo dzisina mvura yakanaka uye kushandiswa kwetsvina kunogona kutarisana neptospirosis. Marwadzo akawedzerawo chirwere chakapararira. Zvitsva zvitsva (3) zvakaonekwa apo rats uye mabhakitiriya anopararira nekuda kwemvura ine simba uye kukanganiswa kwemarara ku Marseilles, France.
Zvirwere hazvishamisi asi zvinoitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, dzakapiwa zvishoma mumaguta eUnited States. Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana zvirwere zvinoratidzira kuratidzwa kwekare kare pa16% kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeBaltimore, Maryland. Pakati pevaya vari muNew York neBaltimore nekunze kwekunze (uye zvichida vari pedo nemakonzo), pane zviitiko kune vashandi vemagariro muBaltimore uye kune avo vasina pokugara kana kunyange mushandi wekuvaka muNew York. Mune mhepo yakadzikama, zvirwere zvinowanzoitika pakupedzisira kwezhizha kusvika pakuwa kwekutanga
Utachiona hausi mumaguta. Avo vanoshanda pamba dzejunga kana pakucheka shuga vari pangozi. kuva nehuwandu hwehupfumi hunogona kunge huine ngozi yakawanda, kusanganisira varimi, vashandi vegeji, vashandi, vashandi vangu, veterinarians, uye vashandi vekuuraya.
Vaya vari muuto vanogona kunge vari pangozi. Pakava nematambudziko mazhinji-zvichibva pakushambadzira kana kubva pakudzidzira maitiro.
Dambudziko Rakaita Sei?
Zvizhinji (90%) hazvina zviratidzo kana kuti zvirwere zvinyoro. Inogona kuva chirwere chaicho, chaizvo kwazvo. Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinotarirwawo pane imwe nzvimbo yechirwere munhu arimo uye chii chinonzi leptospires (mabhakitiriya anokonzera leptospirosis) anobatwa.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvinoita sechirwere. Vakawanda vachave nefivha, chills, musoro, muscle aches. Vamwe vachabva vaine chirwere, kurutsira, chirwere chemashuga, kurwadziwa mumimba, maziso ezuva uye ganda (jaundice), maziso matsvuku, kuputika. Nhamo inogonawo kuva yakasimba mumhuru, chidya, uye mushure mushure.
Zvakawanda zvezviratidzo izvi zvinogona kukanganisa zvimwe zvirwere.
Nguva iyo pakati pekutsvaga uye kurwara kunogona kuva mazuva maviri kusvika kumavhiki mana. Kurwara kunowanzotanga pakarepo nefivha. Chirwere ichi chinowanzova nezvikamu zviviri.
Kutanga, Phase inosanganisira fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, kurutsa, uye / kana chirwere. Inogona kuteverwa nekudzikinura uye zvino mumwe munhu anova kurwara zvakare muchikamu chechipiri
Chikamu chechipiri - kana zvikaitika - chakanyanya kuoma. Murwere anogona kuve nehuputi, chiropa, kana kupererwa nekuputika, uyewo meningitis. Ichi chikamu chinogona kutumidzwa chirwere cha Weil kana chimiro chaicteric (sezvo varwere vangave vane meso matsvuku - kureva icteric).
Chirwere ichi chinogona kupedza mazuva kana vhiki, kunyanya kana chirwere chinopfuurira kusvika muchikamu chechipiri. Vamwe vanorwara zvikuru, kunyanya vasina kurapwa. Vamwe vanogona kutora mavhiki kana mwedzi kuti vadzoke.
Inotyisa Ipi Lepto?
Zviitiko zvizhinji zvinogona kunge zvisina kuonekwa. Pamatambudziko aya anoonekwa, zvichida 1- 5% anofa. Vaya vanofambira mberi muchikamu chechipiri, chirwere cheWeil, chinenge 5-10%, chiri pangozi yakawanda. Vanokwanisa kutarisana nechiropa, tsvete, kana kupera simba, uyewo kushaya ropa. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu kana kukanganisa zvachose. Vaya vanokudziridza ARDS dzisina kujairika kana chironda chemapapu zvinotarisana nehuwandu hwekufa-kusvika 50%.
Chirwere ichi kazhinji chinonoka kuonekwa. Izvi zvinonoka kutarisira. Vaya vane ruzivo rwakanyanya rwekusvibiswa kwemvura uye kutariswa kwekambani vanogonawo kushaya ruzivo rwekutarisira hutano hunoda. Avo vanofamba vanogonawo kudzokera kumusha kuna vanachiremba vasingazivi nezvehutachiona. Saizvozvowo, leptospirosis inowanzovhiringidzika nezvirwere zvakadai sedheue, iyo isinganzwisisiki inoitika kuva nezviratidzo zvakafanana uye inowanikwawo mumatambo panguva yekufashura kana apo masangano ehurumende emvura uye tsvina inogumira.
Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana dambudziko guru rekufa kubva ku "dengue" raive risina kurapwa neptospirosis uye kwete dengue. MuPuerto Rico, 10 kubva ku12 vakafa dengue vakaongororwa vakanga vakagadzirirwa neptospirosis. Dengue hairi kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya; lepto is.
Leptospirosis pakuberekwa kunogona kutungamirira pakuzvarwa kana kuberekwa kwepabonde.
Chii chinokonzera Lepto?
Leptospires ndeyenguva refu, yakaonda, bhakitiriya yakashata inonzi spirochetes. Kune matambudziko akasiyana - anopfuura 200 saizvozvo. Kusiyana kwakasiyana kunogona kuwanika munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika, kuverenga kune vamwe, asi kune dzimwe chete, dzekusiyana kwezvirwere zvezvirwere pasi pose. Dambudziko rinowanzozivikanwa ndeye icterohaemorrhagiae, iyo inogona kusanganiswa nemakonzo akafanana ( Rattus norvegicus) muU.S.
Inozivikanwa Sei?
Miedzo yakasiyana inogona kushandiswa pakuongororwa - kusanganisira PCR, maitiro, maitiro , uye microscopy. Nemhaka yekuda kurapa utachiona, kunonoka kuongororwa hakufaniri kunonoka kuchengetedza kana kliniki yekuongorora inoitwa. Leptospirosis haisi nguva dzose iri nyore kunzwisisa. Inowanzodikanwa tepi chaiyo. Pakutanga kwehutachiwana, zvirwere hazvingave zvakanaka, saka mamwe maedzo anodiwa. Iyo chirwere chisingazivikanwe munyika yose muUnited States.
Chii Chinorapwa?
Leptospirosis inofanira kurapwa nemishonga inouraya (doxycycline, penicillin, kana ceftriaxone).
Pane Chirwere Here?
Kune imbwa, pane. Serovars shomanana chete (maronda) akafukidzirwa. Kune vanhu, chirwere chinobudirira chinoda kuvhara serovars yakawanda uye kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa kwemakore.
Zvipfuwo Zvako Zvinogona Kurwara Here?
Hongu, kunyanya imbwa yako. Imbwa yako inogona kurwara kubva ku leptospirosis sezvo imbwa yako ingangodonha mumadziva ane tsvina uye inomhanya mumadhaka kupfuura iwe. Pane chirongwa cheja imbwa yako maitiro e leptospirosis vaccinedzwa, asi chirwere hachikwanise kufukidza matambudziko ose. Kana imbwa yako iine hutachiwana, ichi chikonzero chakanaka chekusabata muta yavo - kana chero imwe nhamo - nemaoko ako asina maoko uye kushambidza zvakanaka kana iwe ungave uine. Kuvharirwa kweimbwa kunogona kunge kwakaderedza zvirwere kuvana nevamwe nevamwe muUnited States.
Hazviwanzoiti kuti kati kurwara ne leptospirosis, asi kati yako inogona kuvharwa. Kaka yako inogona, ikoizvo, inotapukirwa usingazivi. Makati ane zvakawanda zvakanyanya kusangana nemakonzo kupfuura mhuka dzakawanda dzinoita. Utachiona hunogona kudururwa mumuviri wavo pavanenge vakanaka. Chimwe chikonzero chakanaka chokuti usasangana nekate pee.
Nzira Yokuva Nesimba Pamusoro peLeptospirosis muIndaneti Mitsva
Tsvakurudza kwauri kuenda
Dzivisa dope kana mvura inogona kusvibiswa nemuviri wemhuka
Ngwarira kupwanya mvura muzvikepe zvinogona kutungamirira kuhutachiona
Usapindira mumadzinza kana uine maronda akazaruka.
Dzivisa kumedza mvura kana iri mumakungwa, nzizi, kana matanho
Pfekai zvipfeko zvekudzivirira uye chitsiko chepamusoro sezvakakodzera
Taura nachiremba wako pamusoro pemarariya prophylaxis, iyo inogona kubatsira kudzivirira dzimwe hutachiona