Chokwadi, Zika chirwere chinonzwika. Uye Zika chirwere chinoshamisa: Utachiona hwakatanga kuonekwa muAfrica muma1940 uye huchapararira munyika yose neAedes aegypti , rudzi rwakashata rwemumukwe zvakare kubva kuAfrica. (Zika chirwere chinopararirawo zvishoma neAedes albopictus kana Asian tiger mutezo uye zvichida mamwe mhando dzeAedes.) Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzira, Zika hutachiona hunofanana nehumwe hutachiona husina huwandu hwatinonyatsoziva. utachiona .
1 -
Vose Vangangodaro ZvirwereChokutanga, kune humwe humwe hutachiona hwakakosha hunoratidza kuti maviri uye mazamu eZika ndiwo matatogen . A tatogogeni inyanzvi yezvakatipoteredza kana chikonzero chinokonzera chirwere kana kufa kumwana asati aberekwa kana fetus. Mamwe maitiro anosanganisira varicella virus (iyo inokonzera chickenpox uye herpes zoster), the heavy metal lead, uye rayation.
Mucheche isati inotendwa inofanirwa kuita kuti mwana afa. Panewo humwe uchapupu hwakavhenganiswa huchibatanidza mawere emakondomu uye endocardial fibroelastosis, chirwere chemwoyo chinokonzerwa nevana vanogona kukonzera mwoyo kusakundikana.
Zika HIV yakagamuchira hurukuro yakawanda nekuda kwevana vana 4000 muBrazil, uko mutsara wemasikisi Aedes aegypti yakapararira, yakaberekwa ne microcephaly . Microcephaly inoreva kana mwana akaberekerwa ane musoro muduku, kana kuti musoro mutsara anenge 20 muzana maduku kudarika nguva dzose. Zvichienderana nechisimba, microcephaly inogona kureva kukuvadza nekuguma kwehuropi kana kufa kwekutanga. Hurumende yeBrazil yakawana Zika chirwere muhupano hwevamwe vana vanozvarwa ne microcephaly.
Kuisa izvi zvakawanikwa nenzira yakajeka, nhamba yezvikwata zve microcephaly muBrazil yakawedzera makumi matatu nepakati muna 2016. Uku kuisa mushonga kupararira kweZika chirwere kunofanirwa kuenzaniswa neNdebe yeNyika ya2014, apo vanhu vakaenda kuBrazil kubva kumativi ose enyika .
2 -
Zvose Iro RNA VirusesHazvishamisi pano ... Zika rega rega uye zvirwere zvinokonzera utachiona zvirwere. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunyange mukurongwa kwavo, mavairasi aya anowanana.
Kunyanya, mummy mavairini, kana paramyxovirus, mitambo isina kutorwa, isina-strand bit yeRNA. Saizvozvowo, Zika virus ndeye flavivirus inoumbwa nechirongwa chimwe chete cheRNA.
Aya mavairasi anoita seanopararira zvakasiyana. Masumbu anopararira nemhepo achishandisa maronho okudziya uye pamwe nekutsinhanisa marashi uye kufanana nemafomu (zvinhu zvisina upenyu zvakadai semabhedha kana midziyo).
Kunyange zvazvo Zika chirwere chinogona kupararira nehupombwe kana kuwedzerwa kweropa, nzira dzakakosha iyo utachiona huri kupararira ndeyekunyengedzera kwemumumyo kana kutapurirwa kubva kumamai kusvika kumwana asati aberekwa.
3 -
Vanogarowo muKanana Clinical SymptomsZvose zvinokonzerwa neZika virusi uye maimps vhidhiyo inenge isingazivikanwi mune vanhu vakawanda vane utachiona. Kunyanya, chirwere cheZika chinokonzera zviratidzo kune 1 chete pavanhu vatatu vanotapukirwa. Mucherechedzo yemukirini inoguma zviratidzo zvechipatara zvakaenzana nehafu yevanhu iyo inokonzera.
Uyezve, kunyange zvazvo mumasvivhiviramu inogona kuve yakaisvonaka uye inokanda mapepa pakati pezvimwe nhengo dzakaoma, muvanhu vazhinji, maviramu aya ose anowanzokonzera zvinotyisa, kana kuti zvisingakwanisi zviratidzo zvekliniki.
Heano zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika mumakumbo:
- fever
- malaise
- kuneta
- anorexia
- kunyunyisa kwezvinyorwa zveparotid (parotitis) uye zvinyoro zvinokonzera
Heano zvimwe zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa neZika virus:
- fever
- headaches
- huro inorwadza
- lymphadenopathy
- misumbu kurwadziwa
- joint pain
- mapundu
- conjunctivitis (pinkeye)
Izvozvi, maviri uye Zika havakwanisi kuporesa zviratidzo.
4 -
Kuenzanisa MishongaKune mishonga chaiyo yekuti chirwere cheZika chisati chave kana mumasvipiti chirwere. Pane kudaro, zvose zvirwere zvinobatwa zviratidzo, izvo zvinoreva kuti tine nzira dzokurapa chete nokuda kwezviratidzo izvo zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinokonzera.
Makumbo anowanzobatwa nekuzorora, kunotonhora kana kushambidzika kwemishonga uye mishonga yekununurwa kunorwadza seyametaminophen uyewo kutungamirirwa kwezvokudya zvakaoma uye mvura. Bhera nguva dzose kukurudzirwa kwenguva yakareba sequelae, kana kuti zvinokonzera, migumisiro yemakumbo tsvina inonzwisisika ivo pachavo mushure memazuva mazhinji.
Izvo zvinorwadza uye zvinorwadza zveZika chirwere zvinoshandiswawo nemvura, kurara kwemubhedha, uye mishonga inoratidzika seyametaminichen (Tylenol). Izvozvi, vanhu vane Zika chirwere havafanire kutora NSAIDs saAspirin neIbuprofen nokuti iyi mishonga inogona kuwedzera ngozi yeropa.
Kungofanana nemakamps, zviratidzo zveZika chirwere zvinowanzoenda pachavo-kutora mazuva akawanda kuti vhiki dziite saizvozvo. Pakupedzisira, vamwe vanhu vane utachiona hweZika vanoramba vachikudziridza Guillain-Barre syndrome , chirwere chepfungwa chinoratidzwa nekukwira simba izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kufamba uye kufamba.
5 -
KudziviriraPamwe pamwe nemamwe majekesheni, mwana wose ari kunze uko anofanira kunge achiwana vachakonzerwa neMMR ( masero , mawere, uye rubella). Pamusoro pezvikamu zvizhinji, kupora kwakashusha kutyisidzira kwemakumbo. Maiwe, chikuru chekutyisidzira kumidzi yekudzivirira ndiyo musangano weva antivaccination.
Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo tine chirwere chitsva che dengue-chirwere chakafanana nehutachiona hweZIka-hatina chirwere cheZika chirwere. Uyezve, inogona kuva imwe nguva tisati taona chirwere cheZika chirwere chakagadzirwa. Kusikwa kwechirwere kunotora mari yakawanda, zvakawanda zvekuita uye nguva yakawanda. Zvose izvi zvinokonzera kuedza kutsvaga chirwere cheZika chirwere chekumusoro.
Kunyange zvakadaro, pane chikonzero chekuita ropa nokuti zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu hweZika hutachiona hunofanirwa kuteterera kumarudzi ose evanhu. Tariro yevana vakawanda vanozvarwa ne microcephaly muSouth neCentral America inotyisa.
Munguva iyi, zvakadaro, nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira kutarisana neZika utachiona inosanganisira zvipembenene zvinodzivirirwa uye (zvekuMadokero) kufamba nekudzivirirwa nemadzimai vanotarisira kune nyika uko mamiko anopararira chirwere cheZika chiripo. (Zvinosuruvarisa, muBrazil kukosheswa kwekabhodhoro kadiki yezvipembenene zvinodhaka ndeye $ 8, zvichiita kuti mutengo uwedzere kune wevoruzhinji vagari vanoita mari inenge madhora 160 pamwedzi.Zvirokwazvo, hurumende yeBrazil yakapikira kupa vanhu vasingasunungurwi vachengeti vashoma vanowana mari. Hurumende yeBrazil yakatorawo mazana maviri emakumi maviri emashure ehurumende kuti iparadze utsi hweAedes.)
Pamashoko ekupedzisira, chirwere cheZika chinosangana zvakafanana nemavirusi kunze kwemakumbo. Semuenzaniso, zvose Zika chirwere uye CMV zvose zvinokonzera kukanganisa mumucheche uye zviratidzo zvechipatara zviratidzo kuvanhu vakuru. Uyezve, marariya chirwere chinotakurwa nemumukonyo chinokonzera kutora pamuviri kutadza. Zvisinei, ndakaenda nemukati nokuti kune chirwere chemuviri, uye kutarisa mberi, zvingava zvakanaka kana tine chirwere cheZika chirwere.
Sources:
"Teratogenic Causes of Malformation" naEil Gilbert-Barness muAnals of Laborratory & Clinical Sciences muna 2010.
Rubin SA, Carbone KM. Mumps. Muna: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.