Lymphocytes inokosha mune hutano uye zvirwere, uye ino ino inotanga kuongorora kuti sei. Asi kutanga, heino urongwa hwe10 hunofanirwa-kuziva nhengo dzechirwere, kuti uite iwe.
Top 10 Zvinhu Zvokuziva Nezve Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes rudzi rwemuchena weropa (WBC).
- Lymphocytes ndiwo masero ezvirwere zvemuviri uye anobatsira kurwisa utachiona.
- Lymphocytes inorarama muine lymph nodes, asiwo muropa uye mumumbiri wose.
- Lymphocytes inouya mumarudzi maviri makuru: B-seli uye T-seli.
- Nhamba dzisina kuchena dzemakirinikete muropa dzinogona kuva dzenguva kana kwenguva refu.
- Kuwanda kwemaitiro akawanda emaropa kunonzi lymphocytosis.
- Zvishoma mashoma lymphocytes muropa anonzi lymphopenia.
- Lymphocytes inogona kuchinjwa nenzira yakaipa kuva chronic lymphocytic leukemia , acute lymphoblastic leukemia , uye mamwe marudzi e- lymphoma .
- Lymphocytes inobva ku stem masero mufupa remafu.
- T-lymphocytes yakakura, kana kukura, mu thymus, nhengo mumutsipa.
Ndepapi Mumuviri Ima Lymphocytes Akawanikwa?
Munhu wose ane masero matsvuku eropa (RBCs) uye nemasero machena (WBCs) mukupararira kwavo. Vaya vatsvuku vanopa ropa rayo uye vanowanzogamuchira zvakanyanya kunyanya panguva dzezvidzidzo zvesainzi zvekutanga. Sezvo RBC, kana erythrocyte, inoita nzira yayo kumakisi e-oxygen-inoshaya mumuviri, inopa oksijeni yayo uye anotora carbon dioxide, zvino inodzokera kumashure kumwoyo nemapapu ekutsinhanisa gasi uye kuwana humwe oxygen.
Mumakwikwi ayo, RBC inokwanisa kuonana neWBC dzakasiyana-siyana munzira, uye lymphocyte imwe yeiyo.
Lymphocytes muRopa Stream
RBCs ndiyo inonyanya kukosha 'motokari mumugwagwa mukuru,' kutaura-kureva, maRBC akafanana nemotokari dzenyu, SUVs, pickups, uye minivans pane chero rwendo rwomugwagwa.
Pane chero rwendo rwomugwagwa, zvisinei, iwe une chokwadi chekuona vamwe vasiri vengoro-semuenzaniso, 18-mavhiriki, motokari yezvivako, imwechete U-Haul, kana kuti zvichida mutsigiri wehurumende kana maviri.
Aya matori uye vasiri-vatengesi motokari inofanana neWBC yako inopararira: Zvechokwadi haaiti mhando yemugwagwa, asi iwe hausi kumboshamisika kuona imwe.
Saka, lymphocytes, rudzi rweWBC, runopinda mune "zvisingawanzoitiki asi zvisingawanzo" rudzi rwechikamu muropa. Cherechedza kuti lymphocytes inongova imwe yemhando dzakawanda dzeWBCs, uyewo kuti lymphocytes, ivo pachavo, vanouya mumhando dzakasiyana, sekunge iwe unogona kunge uine mauto ehurumende uye mapurisa emunharaunda, zvose nenzira imwe chete yemugwagwa. Izvo zvose motokari dzemapurisa, asi pane zvakakosha kusiyana pakati pavo.
Lymphocytes Kunze kweRopastream, muLymph Vessels
Kana iwe ukazomboenda panzira huru uye uchikanganisa kuenderera kune imwe nzvimbo, unogona kuzviwana pakati pevhiri-18 uye zvichida mapoka emapurisa mashomanana. Izvozvo ndizvo zvingave zvakafanana kupinda muchirwere chemuviri wako semuviri weropa tsvuku: haufaniri kuvapo. I-lymph system ndiyo nzira yemigwagwa-midziyo ye lymph-iyo maWBCs akadai semakirini ako emakirini ndiyo inowanikwa masero ose.
Iyi mitsara haisati yakanyanya kure nemigwagwa mikuru uye mitsetse yakazara neRBCs, asi iyo ndeyoyo yakasiyana mitanhi. MaRBC haawanzofanirwa kunge ari mumigwagwa iyi, uye kana iri, inogona kuratidza kukuvadzwa kunorwadza kana zvimwewo zvisina kufanira.
Lymphocytes muLymph Nodes
Lymph nodes iduku, zvipfeko zvakagadzirwa nemhangu izvo dzimwe nguva zvinodonha-izvo zviputi pamutsipa wako panguva yepamusoro yekudzivirira utachiona, somuenzaniso. Lymph nodes inogona kuonekwa se "motokari yemamiriyoni emitambo." Iyi 'motokari inomira' inonyanya kubuda kunze kwechetere re lymph highways, zvakakwana zvakatarisana, apo iyo lymphocytes inogona kutarisa mukati uye kugara nguva, kuenzanisa mamiriro ekunze .
RBCs inogona kunge iri pedyo, sezvo kunyange chimwe chinhu chiduku seine lymph node inoda ropa, asi ndiwo masero e-lymph system, masero emumunini, anonyatsopinda uye anogara mune lymph node, uye masero machena eropa, kunyanya. I-lymph system uye ye-circulatory system yakasiyana; Mamwe maWBC akadai semakirinikiti uye macrophage anokwanisa 'kufamba nemadziro' kuti adzoke uye aende pakati pe lymphatic system uye kubuda kwemhepo. Aya maWBC anokwanisa kunyange kusiya zvose zviri kufamba-shanduka uye lymph systems, kuti vashandise muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, sechikamu chebasa ravo nguva dzose kana kuti zvingadiwa.
Lymphocytes muRopa, Lymph, uye Nhengo uye Tissues
Kutaura muchidimbu, lymphocytes imwe yemhando dzeWBC dzinogona kuwanikwa mumakumbo ako nemarita, mumutumbi wemuviri. Asi lymphocytes inogonawo kuwanika kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri-mumakirini emakirini uye lymph channels yemuviri wecymphatic system.
Uyezve, vanogona kuwanika vakapararira pasi rose mumuviri, mumatoni, mumatumbo, uye mumakamuri emhepo, somuenzaniso. Ikoko lymphocytes zvinomiririra zvinonzi "lymphoid tissue." Zvimwe zvinowanzozivikanwa sezviviri zvemuviri mumatumbo, mune imwe nzvimbo inonzi Peyer's Patches. I-lymphocytes inonyanya kurongeka munzvimbo idzi, muzvivako zvinonzi follicles. Ikoko, lymphocytes inoumba chikamu chinokosha chemuviri wechirwere chemuviri kuburikidza nokuongorora mabhakitiriya anogara mumatumbo, achidzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya yakaipa mumatumbo.
Imwe yenzvimbo dzinonakidza yekuwana lymphocytes mumuviri inhengo inozivikanwa sepleen . Mune dzimwe nzira, chirwere chacho chakafanana neye giant lymph node. Kuti kuderedza spleen kuita basa raro mumuviri wekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere kungave kusina kunaka zvakadaro, sezvo chimiro ichi chinoita zvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwechete, kusanganisira kuchengetedza zvakawanda zvekupa kwako maplatelets anobatsira ropa rako kuti rive, uyewo kubvisa rekare neRATs yakasvibira kubva mumasangano.
Chii Chinonzi Lymphocytes?
Vanhu vazhinji munharaunda yekuchera makirini vanotanga kutarisa kwekutanga kutora lymphocyte chaiyo nekuongorora microscope mubasa pane imwe nzvimbo. Apo donho reropa rinotorwa uye rakaputirwa pane slide uye rinorapwa nekodzero dzakanaka, unogona kuona lymphocytes nguva dzose ikozvino, pakati pemasero ese matsvuku eropa.
- Lymphocytes ihuru pane masero matsvuku eropa (RBCs)
- Lymphocytes inowanikwa muhuwandu, kana kuti zvishoma, zvakafanana neRBCs.
- Lymphocytes haisi yakakura seyemodyteti yeropa, imwe yerudzi rweWBC.
- Kusiyana nemasero matsvuku eropa, asina ruzivo rwevanhu mumunhu, lymphocytes inoratidzika seyo inenge yakanyatsobatanidzwa nucleus-yakafanana neha yakakangwa ine zviduku zvishoma uye inenge-yose yolk. Neine tsvina yakakodzera, zvisinei, iyo yolk kana nucleus ye lymphocyte inowanzoita ruvara rwepepuru, asi mazai ega kana kuti cytoplasm iri kuchena.
Ndeapi Iko Lymphocytes Inogadzirwa?
Kufanana nemasero ose eropa, zvose zvitsvuku uye machena, lymphocytes dzinotanga rwendo rwavo mumupfupa. Kamwe kana munhu aberekwa, marora eropa rinova sefekitari yekubudisa masero matsva eropa. Lymphocytes inouya mumarudzi maviri makuru, T-seli uye B-seli . Zvose izvi zvinonzi lymphocytes, asi dzine mabasa akasiyana.
T-lymphocytes, inoshanduka, ine imwe nyaya yakasiyana-siyana kana ichiuya kune yakabva-nhau inoratidza mabasa avo akaoma zvikuru semasero akakwegura. I'T 'muT-seli inomirira thymus , asi' B 'mu B-seli inoreva marora.
Zvose zvemasero ako eropa zvinogadzirwa mumapfupa emapfupa, asi chidimbu chimwe chete chemasero aya anogadzira ropa anobva mumashure emumera kusvika ku thymus, apo 'vanodzidzisa' kuva T-lymphocytes. Masero masero anopa nzvimbo yakarurama, neine masero ekugamuchira uye makemikari, kuti agadzirise ma-T-cells zvakanaka. Izwi rako rinoita kuti masero aya akure kuti ave nekodzero 'yezvigadzi' kana kuti zviratidzo kune kunze kwekamuri. Panewo nzira yekusarudza uye weeding kunze. Vapukunyuka vanosiyanisa mucheche (CD8 + kana CD4 +) T-lymphocytes uye vanopedza anenge mazuva gumi mune imwe nzvimbo ye thymus, apo vanodzidza kutaurira musiyano pakati pe "pachake" mararamiro nevatorwa vekune dzimwe nyika. Mushure mekushanda uku kwakaoma, T-seli dzinogona kubva mu thymus uye dzinoita mabasa avo akasiyana muzvirwere zvemuviri.
Chii Chinonzi Lymphocytes?
Iko kune chaizvo kusiyana kwakasiyana pakati peB-seli uye T-seli, kunyange zvazvo zvose zviri zviviri lymphocytes. B-masero uye T-seli zvinosanganiswa ne "nzvimbo" dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zvemuviri. Chimwe chikamu chemuviri wechirwere chemuviri-chinonzi B-cell chinowanikwa munharaunda-chinowedzera mukugadzira zvirwere zvinogona kusunga kune vokunze kune dzimwe nyika uye kutungamirira kuparadzwa kwavo. Chimwe chikamu chemuviri wechirwere chemuviri-iyo inowedzera T-cell inowanikwa munharaunda-inotarirwa pakuziva avo vanoparadza uye nekudaro nokuvauraya zvakananga, kuburikidza nekucherechedza zvakananga kuenderana kunotungamirira kusero-to-cell battle. Idzi idzi dzakasiyana dzakasiyana kana nharaunda dzinotsanangurwa nemashoko chaiwo. Iyo mhirizhonga, kana kuti rutivi rwechirwere chinokonzera hutachiona , inozivikanwa semusununguko wechirwere . Icho chikepe, kana se-cell-to-cell battle side, inozivikanwa semasero-mediated immunity .
B-masero ndiwo masero anouya mupfungwa paanofunga nezvemasimba, kana masimba ehusemu, uye T-seli masero anouya mupfungwa paanofunga nezvema-cell-to-cell combat, cytotoxicity, kana zvinonzi se-cell-mediated immunity . Muzvokwadi, kune nguva zhinji kubatana pakati pe-B-seli uye T-seli, sekune kuwirirana pakati pevaya vanopisa moto nemafuta.
B-masero akakura mumupfupa uye anoenda kune lymph nodes. B-masero anova masero epa plasma kana masero ekuyeuka apo mamwe maantigentigeni anovabata; vazhinji B-masero anova masero eplasma anobudisa antibody; asi vamwe chete vanogara sevanorangarira masero. Chiyeuchidzo B-masero anobatsira kuvimbisa kuti kana muvengi akasanganazve mune ramangwana, matongo anogadzirwa. Masero eplasma anowanikwa mumakirini emakirini uye kune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri, umo vanoshanda kuti vabereke mazana akawanda ezvirwere. Kana imwe nguva ma antibodies akasunungurwa muropa uye lymph, aya ma-molecule emakemikari anosungira kune chinangwa antigen kuti atange kushandiswa kwekutapudza kana kuparadza mutorwa wekunze.
T-masero akakura mumusmusmus uye akasiyana mumarudzi akasiyana. Kune marudzi mazhinji emasero eT, anosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Cytotoxic T masero dzinowana nekurwisana zvakananga kune dzimwe nyika dzakadai sebhakitiriya, mavairasi, uye kenza masero.
- Masero anobatsira T anoshandisa mamwe masero omusununguko uye anoronga mhinduro dzekuzvidzivirira mumuviri.
- Masero ekuraira T anofungidzirwa kuti adzivirire masimba ehurumende kuitira kuti irege kunyanyisa (sezvinoita muzvirwere zvisingagadziriswi), zvisinei zvikamu zvepakati pehupenyu hwemasero aya zvinoramba zvakasimbiswa uye zvinoramba zvichirwisana.
- Muurayi wepanyama T (NKT) masero haasi chinhu chakafanana nemasero emuurayi chaiwo, asi ane zvimwe zvakafanana. NKT masero e-cytotoxic T masero anodikanwa kuti agadziriswe uye aparadzanise kuita basa ravo. Muurayi wechisikigo (NK) masero uye NKT masero ari mazana e-lymphocytes anogovera nzvimbo yakafanana. Vose vari vaviri vanokwanisa kukurumidza kupindura kuvepo kwemaitiro emarara uye vanobatanidzwa mukurwisa-tumoror immune response.
- Mamwe masero ekuyeuka anoyeuka zviratidzo pamusoro pebhakitiriya, mavairusi, kana masero emukenza avakaona kare.
Lymphocytes muLymphoma
Iye zvino zvaunonyanya kuzivikanwa ne lymphocytes, mhando dzakasiyana, mabasa avo akasiyana, uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana, ngationei kuti izvi zvose zvinorevei ne lymphoma.
Lymphoma inoitika apo lymphocytes inokura uye ichiwanda ichidzivirirwa. Kenza inowanikwa pane imwe nguva mukugadzirwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana e-lymphocytes. Kanzira inonzi lymphocytes inogona kuenda kumativi akawanda emuviri, kusanganisira lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, ropa, kana dzimwe nhengo, uye dzinokwanisa kunyange kuumba uwandu hwose panzvimbo imwe, inonzi chiremara.
Nemhaka yokuti lymphocytes ine utano inogona kutenderera mberi uye iripo kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana mumuviri, pfungwa ye metastasis (iyo inoshanda mumamwe marudzi akawanda echirwere) haisi kunyatsoshanda mu lymphoma. Lymphoma masero anogona kuwanika muine lymph node uye zvichida muine spleen, zvakare. Iwe haungatauri iko kwemasastasis, sezvo spleen iri nhengo umo lymphocytes ine utano inogona kuwanzowanikwa. Saka munyaya ye lymphoma, pane mutauro wakasiyana wakagadzirirwa kurondedzera kuwanda kwekupararira kwezvirwere.
Mishonga yemakumbo akawanda inotanga mumakirini emakirini, asi lymphomas inogona kubuda chero kupi zvako mumuviri. Apo lymphoma inotanga kunze kweropa, rinonzi primary extranodal chirwere . Apo lymphoma inotanga muine lymph node asi inokura nekupararira kunosanganisira mamwe maitiro, inonzi ipranodal kubatanidzwa kana secondary secranodal zvirwere. Kusiyana nekupararira kweti, ichiti, kenza yeprotate sezvo inopinda mune dzimwe nhengo dzakadai sefupa, kupararira kwe lymphoma kune zvimwe zvivako mu lymph system hazvirevi zvakakosha zvakafanana kumunhu anofungidzira.
B-cell Lymphomas uye T-cell Lymphomas
Izvo zvikamu zviviri zvakakura zve lymphoma, Hodgkin uye kwete-Hodgkin lymphoma , zvine zvakawanda zvine chokuita nenhoroondo yekuwanikwa kwavo kupfuura chero chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kune lymphocytes. Izvozvo zvakati, rudzi rwe lymphoma iyo Thomas Hodgkin akawana yakave iyo lymphoma yakagadzirwa mumasero eB-lymphocyte side yemhuri. Nevasiri-Hodgkin lymphomas, unogona kuva neB-cell lymphomas kana T-cell lymphomas. Kana B-cell lymphoma isiri iyo yaHodgkin, zvino inozivikanwa seB-cell kwete Hodgkin lymphoma, kana B-NHL. Inonyanya kuwanikwa subtypes yeNHL zvose dzinoitika kuva lymphomas yeB lymphocytes. T-cell lymphomas nhoroondo ye15 muzana yeNHL dzose muUnited States. Kungofanana neB-cell lymphomas, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana eB-cell lymphomas.
> Sources:
> NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines muna Oncology. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Inowanika pa http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf.
> SEER Cancer Statistics Zvikamu zvemashoko: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, uye End Results Program. Inowanika pa http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html.
> Stein H, Bob R. IHodgkin lymphoma imwe yeB-cell lymphoma here? Curr Hematol Malig Rep . 2009 Jul; 4 (3): 125-8.