Zvakawanda Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvokushandisa; Rimwe Autism Spectrum
Autism "chirwere chinoratidzika," zvinoreva kuti vanhu vane autism vanogona kunge vane zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyoro, zvishoma, kana zvakaoma. Asi vanhu vose vane autism spectrum diagnosis vane chirwere chakafanana, pasinei nezviratidzo zvavo?
Kutaridzika Kwakaita Autism Kwakachinja Mumakore Azvino
Kubva muna 1994 kusvika munaMay 2013, autism spectrum yakamiririrwa nemavhigirii mashanu emitambo inogadziriswa muchikamu chechina cheGwaro Rekuongorora Dhiyabhorosi. Yakaisanganisira Asperger syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Pasina Zvimwe Yakatsanangurwa (PDD-NOS), Autistic Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Syndrome, uye Rett Syndrome.
Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi zviongorori zvakavhiringidza. Kwete chete zvaive zvakaoma kutsanangura, asi vashandi vakasiyana vakasarudza zvakasiyana-siyana kuongororwa kwevarwere vakadaro. Kujekesa maitiro avo, vashandi (pamwe chete nevadzidzisi nevarapi) vanoshandisa mazwi akadai se "autism yakaoma," "unyoro autism," uye "kushandiswa kwepamusoro autism." Aya mazwi, zvisinei, haasi chokwadi chekuona zvirwere zvachose; ivo vanongorondedzerwa. Uye apo ivo vakanga vachida kubatsira vabereki nevadzidzisi zviri nani kunzwisisa hutano hwemwana pa autism spectrum, mumwe munhu aive nemafungiro ake pachake "izvo zvishoma" kana "zvakanyanya" zvingaita sezviri.
Zvatiri Kufunga Nezve Autism Nhasi
Muna 2013, shanduro yechishanu yeBhuku Rekuongorora yakabudiswa. Mu DSM-5, pane imwechete "autism spectrum disorder." Munhu wose ane autism anozivikanwa, zvisinei kuti chii chaanoita, iye zvino ane chimiro pasi peiyo yechirwere ichi. Utatu hutatu hwe autism, pamwe nematsanangudzo akadai se "zvisingaoneki" anorongerwa kuongororwa nyore nyore uye zvakajeka.
Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti takarega kushandisa mazwi akwegura kana asina kurongeka, mamwe acho ari akajeka kupfuura Autism Spectrum Disorder Level II. Zvechokwadi, kunyange vanachiremba nevamwe vashandi vanogona kushandisa mazwi akadai saAsperger Syndrome pavanenge vachishandisa kodhi yevhisi yevidism inoenderana nezvinangwa zvekubhadhara.
Kugamuchirwa kunyika yakaoma yezvizhinji zvekutenderera.
Chii Chinonzi Autism Spectrum?
Izwi rokuti "autism spectrum" rinotsanangura chidimbu chekukurumidza kunonoka uye kusimba kunokanganisa hutano uye hutano hwekukurukurirana uye, kusvika kune imwe huru kana zvishoma, ruzivo rwemotokari uye mutauro. Izvo zvakanyanya kufungidzirwa iyo inogona kusanganisira vanhu vane IQ yakakwirira uye yekudzivirira mupfungwa. Vanhu vane autism vanogona kunge vakanyarara kana kuti vakanyarara, vaine rudo kana kutonhora, maitiro kana kusakanganiswa.
Kusvikira May 2013, hutano hunoonekwa mukati me autism spectrum hwakabatanidza chirwere chekudzidzira, chirwere chekuwedzera chinokurudzira-kwete zvakananga (PDD-NOS), Asperger syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, uye Rett Syndrome. Nhasi, kune imwe chete Autism Spectrum Disorder , ine matanho matatu ekuoma-asi vazhinji vanorwara, vanachiremba, vabereki, nemasangano vanoramba vachishandisa mazwi akafanana nePDD-NOS uye Asperger syndrome.
Ndeapi Matambudziko Akawanda Anokurudzira?
" Dambudziko Rokuwedzera Rokufambisa " ndiyo izwi rakarongeka rokuti, pakati pa1994 na2013, raireva chaizvo chinhu chakafanana ne "autism spectrum disorder." Kana mwana wako akaongororwa musati wa2013 unogona kunge wakanzwa shoko iri kubva kune muongorori kana chiremba, asi haisi nguva yakawanda kushandiswa.
Chii Chinonzi Asperger Syndrome?
Asperger syndrome inotsanangura vanhu pamagumo anoshanda zvakanyanya e autism spectrum. Izwi - uye kuongororwa - rakabviswa kubva mubhuku rekuongororwa muna 2013, asi inenge munhu wese ari munharaunda ye autism anoenderera mberi kuishandisa nokuti inobatsira mukutsanangura boka revanhu chaivo . Vanhu vane Asperger syndrome vanowanzova nerurimi rwekutaura nenzira imwecheteyo sekugara vachikura vana, asi vane nguva yakaoma nekukurukurirana kwevanhu. Zvinetso izvi zvinowedzera zvakajeka sezvavanokura uye zvinotarisirwa nevanhu zvinokura .; Nokuti vanhu vane Asperger syndrome vanowanzova vakangwara - asi "quirky" - chirwere ichi dzimwe nguva chinonzi "geek syndrome" kana "purofesa muduku".
Chii Chinonzi Autism?
Izwi rokuti " unyoro autism " harisi kuongororwa kwepamutemo. Ingongova izwi rinotsanangura rinopfuura "Asperger syndrome" kana "autism." Kazhinji, apo vanhu vanoshandisa izwi rokuti mpo autism ivo vari kureva vanhu vane zviratidzo zvinokodzera autism spectrum diagnosis, asi ndiani ane unyanzvi hwemashoko akasimba uye zvishoma zvenyaya dzekuita. Vanhu ivavo vanogona, kunyange zvakadaro, vane matambudziko makuru ekukurukurirana kwevanhu. Vanogonawo kunge vane matambudziko ekubatana nehurukuro yakawanda (inzwi guru, magetsi akajeka, nezvimwewo).
Chii Chinoshandiswa Kushanda Autism?
Kufanana ne "runyoro" autism, kukwirira kushanda autism (dzimwe nguva kupfupika kuHFA) ishoko rakagadzirwa rave richiwanzoshandiswa. Pane imwe nguva (musati ya2013), izwi iri rakashandiswa kusiyanisa "autism" kubva "Asperger syndrome." Kusarudzwa kwepamutemo kwakaitwa nevashandi vasati vasvika muna 2013 ndechokuti vanhu vane HFA vane kana kuti vanonoka kutaura kana vanhu vane Asperger Syndrome vane ruzivo rwekutaura. Zvechokwadi, mazuva ano apo hakuna ASperger syndrome ... zvichiita kuti kusarurana kusagadzikane.
Chii Chinonzi PDD-NOS?
" Kupararira Kwekuwedzera Kwoutano Pasina Zvimwe Kujekeswa " iri nemuromo wemashoko ayo, kusvikira muna 2013, akashandiswa kurondedzera vanhu vakanga vasina kukodzera zvizere zvezvimwe zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana asi asi zvakadaro autistic. Nemhaka yokuti hapana nzira iri nyore yekutsanangura zviratidzo zvePDD-NOS, iyo inogona kubva kune yakanyanyisa kusvika kune yakaoma, chirwere chekuongorora hachiripo, kunyange hutsva hutsva, Social Communication Disorder , inogona kuva "yakadaro" yeboka.
Chii chinonzi Autism?
Autism yakanyanya haisi kuongororwa kwepamutemo; Pane kudaro, iri izwi rinotsanangura pamwe nehukuru autism, kuderera kushandisa autism, uye autism yakawanda. Vanhu vane "madhimoni" vanowanzova vasina kutaura uye vakangwara vakagadzikana, uye vanogona kuva nemafungiro akaipa.
Chii Chinonzi Rett Syndrome?
Rett syndrome chirwere chinokonzera hutano chinosanganisa vasikana chete. Ndiyo chete yeiyo yaimbova autism spectrum zvinetso zvinogona kuonekwa mishonga (kusvikira zvino) - uye kubva muna May 2013, hazvisati dzabatanidzwa mu Autism Spectrum. Vasikana vane Rett syndrome vanokudziridza zviratidzo zvakakomba zvinosanganisira kukanganisa kwekukurukurirana kwevanhu zvinetso zve autism. Mukuwedzera, Rett syndrome inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kukwanisa kwevasikana kushandisa maoko avo nekushandisa.
Chii Chinonzi Broad Autism Phenotype?
Iyo yakazara autism phenotype inosanganisira vanhu ivavo vane mast touch ye autism. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinorondedzerwa seine "zviratidzo zvemumvuri." Zviratidzo zvinyoro, izvo zvinoratidzika asi izvo zvisingaiti kushanda kwezuva nezuva, zvinowanzoonekwa pakati pemhuri dzevanhu vane autism yakazara. Ndizvo chaizvoizvo autism? Kana kuti unhu hwomunhu chete? Sezvakawanda nyaya dzine chokuita ne autism, zvinobva kune waunokumbira.