Zvinokonzera Autism Kuziva
Pamberi peMeyi 2013, pakanga pane zvikamu zvishanu zvakasiyana-siyana zve autism spectrum diagnoses. Mazuva ano, maererano neAmerican Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual, DSM-5, kune imwe chete Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pasinei nokuti autism yako yakaoma kana kuti ine unyoro , kana iwe uchitaridzika seAsperger syndrome kana Autistic Disorder, iko zvino wakagadzirirwa pasi pemubhurazi unozivikanwa.
Kana iwe uchitova ne autism spectrum disorder kuongororwa- kunyange imwe isingawanikwi muDMM-iwe uchiri kungofungidzirwa kuva autistic.
Kuti DSM (Dhiyabhorosi Manual) Inoshanda sei
Iyo DSM-5, dzimwe nguva inonzi "Bhaibheri" yehutano hwepfungwa, inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kuti ndiani anowana rubatsiro, marudzi api avanowana, uye kana kana kwete ivo vakakodzera mamwe maitiro edzidzo. Kana mwana wako akaongororwa neanyanzvi ane ruzivo uyo anofunga kuti akafanirwa nemitemo iyi, achabvuma zvose kugadziriswa uye nheyo yezvinhu zvakasanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga, ruzivo rwedzidzo yepamusoro, uye zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nehurumende yako kana dunhu.
Heano ndiwo maitiro ekuongorora zviratidzo zveDMM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder:
A. Kukanganisa kusingagumi mukukurukurirana kwehutano uye kushamwaridzana kwevanhu munharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana, sezvinoratidzirwa nehutevera, ikozvino kana neyakaitika:
1. Kukundikana mune zvekugara-manzwiro ekudzokorora, zvichienzanisa, somuenzaniso, kubva pakusagadzikana kwevanhu uye kusagadzikana kwekukurukurirana kwemazuva ose; kuti kuderedze kugoverana, kufarira, kana kuchinja; kukundikana kutanga kana kuti kupindura kunobatana kwevanhu.
2. Kukanganisa mumitauro yekutaura isinganzwisisiki inoshandiswa pakubatana kwevanhu, zvichienzanisa, semuenzaniso, kubva pamashoko asinganzwisisiki nemashoko asina kutaura; kushaya kukanganisa muziso rekuona uye mutauro wemuviri kana kukanganisa mukunzwisisa uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro; kusvika pakushaikwa kwese kwemaonero uye kusataura kwemashoko.
3. Kukanganisa mukuvandudza, kuchengetedza, uye kunzwisisana hukama, zvichienzanisa, zvichibva pamatambudziko ekugadzirisa mafambiro kuti atsigire zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu; kune matambudziko mukugovana nekufungidzira kwekutamba kana mukuita shamwari; kusava nehanya kune vezera.
B. Zvigadziriswa, kudzokorora maitiro emafambiro, zvido, kana mabasa, sekuratidzwa nevanenge zvikamu zviviri zvinotevera, ikozvino kana nezvenhoroondo
1. Kutaridzika kana kudzokorora motokari, kushandiswa kwezvinhu, kana kutaura (semuenzaniso, zvigadziriswa zvemotokari, kusungira zvidhori kana zvinhu zvinoputika , echolalia , mazwi ediodyyncratic).
2 .Chipupuriro pamusoro pechimwechete, kusanzwisisika kusinganzwisisiki kumitambo, kana kuronga maitiro emashoko kana kusingaoneki (semuenzaniso, kushushikana kwakanyanya pazvinhu zviduku kuchinja, matambudziko nekuchinja, maitiro akaoma, mafungiro, kunoda kutora nzira imwe chete kana kudya kudya kumwechete mazuva ese).
3. Zvinyorwa zvakanyanya, zvakagadziriswa zvisingasviki pakuwedzera kana kutarisa (semuenzaniso, kusungirirwa kwakasimba kana kufungisisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakanyanyisa kana zvakatsungirira).
4. Kutaura nehana kana kugadziriswa kune zvinokonzerwa nechinangwa kana kushamwaridzana kunowanikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza (semuenzaniso, kusanzwisisiki kunzwisisana nekurwadziwa / kutonhora, kupindura kwakashata kumanzwi chaiwo kana maitiro, kunyanya kunhuwa kana kugunzva zvinhu, kuonekwa kunofanirwa nemagetsi kana kufamba) .
C. Zviratidzo zvinofanira kunge zviripo munguva yekutanga yekukurumidza (asi zvingasazoonekwa zvakazara kusvikira zvigaro zvevanhu zvisingasviki zvishoma, kana kuti zvingave zvakasvibiswa nemaitiro akadzidziswa muhupenyu hunozotevera).
D. Zviratidzo zvinokonzera kukiratidzika kwehutachiona hukuru mune zvehutano, zvebasa, kana zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokosha zvekushanda kwezvino.
E. Kuvhiringidzika uku hakusi nani kunotsanangurwa nekuremara kwepfungwa (chirwere chekuvandudza chinyanzvi) kana kukurumidza kukura kwenyika. Kuremara kwepfungwa uye kuvhiringidzika kwevistism zvinowanzoitika; kuita sarudzo dzisingabatsiri dzevirist disorder disorder uye kuremara kwepfungwa, hutano hwekugara kwevanhu hunofanira kunge huri pasi pezvinotarisirwa kune huwandu hwekuvandudza.
Zvaunofanira Kuita Kana Mwana Wako Achiita Sekufanirwa Nezvakanakira Autism
Nzira yekuvhura nayo inogona kuoneka yakananga, uye unganzwa uine chokwadi chokuti mwana wako ndiye autistic. Mukati, zvakadaro, kune mamwe maitiro chaiwo anobatsira vanoita basa kuti vaone kana zviratidzo zvichikwira kusvika kumazinga e autism. Zvinogona zvakare kuti zviratidzo zvevhisiki-sezvirokwazvo zvinokonzerwa nechimwe chinhu kunze kwokuti autism; kurasikirwa kwokunzwa, kuzvidya mwoyo, nhau dzekutaura, uye kunyange ADHD inogona kukanganisa ne autism.
Kana iwe uchinetseka, zvakadaro, iri pfungwa yakanaka kwazvo yekutsvaga kuongorora nekuongorora. Kuongororwa kunowanzopiwa nechiremba wevana vako. Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri kuongororwa, zvinogona kubatsira chiremba wako kuti aone kana chirongwa chepamutemo chakakodzera.
Kuongorora inzira inosanganisira vanoverengeka vadzidzisi uye inosanganisira yakawanda yezviongorori uye kubvunzurudzwa. Chiremba wako wevana, chiremba wepfungwa chechikoro, kana chitsauko cheAustism Society chinogona kukubatsira kuti uwane boka rekuongorora rinoziva uye rinoziva.
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu yekunyora kwepfungwa (4th ed., Text rev.). Washington, DC.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.). Washington, DC.