Chirongwa cheVistism
Autism, iyo inonziwo "autism spectrum disorder (ASD)," inetso yekukura. Matambudziko okukuridzira anoongororwa muhuduku asi kazhinji anoguma nekuremara kweupenyu hwose. Kune ngano dzakawanda pamusoro pevhisi uye huzhinji hwemashoko anonyadzisa anowanika paIndaneti. Somugumisiro, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuwana ruzivo rwechokwadi pamusoro pekuti autism ndeyechokwadi-uye haisi.
Chii Chinonzi Autism?
Autism chirwere chinosanganisira kusawirirana uye / kana matambudziko muhutano hwemagariro evanhu, hutano hwakanaka uye hukuru hwemotokari, kutaura, uye mano eunyanzvi.
Vanhu vane autism vanewo zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvepfungwa, sezvinoshamisa kusanzwisisika kuedza, inzwi, kunhuhwira, kuravira, uye / kana zvishuvo zvekunzwa.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira "kusungurudza" (ruoko rwokuputika, kufamba-famba, kubvongodza), kudiwa kwekufanana uye kudzokorora, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye-mune zvimwe zviitiko-zvinoshamisa "savant" mano mune dzimwe nzvimbo (kazhinji mimhanzi uye masvomhu).
Nemhaka yokuti autism inorwara yakawanda, zvinokwanisika kuva munyoro, zvine mwero, kana zvakasimba autistic.
Kunyunyuta, iwe unogonawo kuva nekubatanidzwa kwezviratidzo zvinyoro uye zvakaoma. Semuenzaniso, zvinokwanisika kuva akachenjera zvikuru uye mazwi asiwo ane zviratidzo zvakakomba zvekuzvidya mwoyo uye kusagadzikana kwekunzwa.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti autism haisi chirwere chepfungwa kana mamiriro ezvinhu anotowedzera kupfuura nguva. Zvechokwadi, anenge munhu wese wevististic anokura uye anokura kwenguva, zvikurukuru nekurapa kwakanyanya.
Nechiratidzo ichocho, zvisinei, hapana chirongwa chisina kugadziriswa che autism. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwana anorwara ane autism achange awedzera kukura kuti ave munhu mukuru ane autism-nematambudziko uye simba rinouya pamwe nekuongororwa.
Kutenda kweAustism kwakashanduka sei
Autism yakatanga kurondedzerwa sechirwere chakasiyana muma1930. Tsanangudzo iyi, zvisinei, yakashandura zvakanyanya mumakore. Zvichida zvikuru kwazvo, Asperger syndrome yakawedzerwa ku autism in 1994.
Sezvo autism yakatanga kurondedzerwa, nhamba yevanhu vanoonekwa kuti yakasimuka zvikuru. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa, kunyanya kusvika pamwero mukuru, kuchinja mune tsanangudzo yechirwere.
Pakazosvika 1994 naMay 2013, pakanga pane zvishanu zvakasiyana-siyana zve autism. Pamugumo mumwe wechirwere chaiva Asperger syndrome , dzimwe nguva inonzi "Little Little Professor syndrome." Pamugumo mumwe wepasikisi yaiva chirwere chevististic, chinozivikanwa nokuda kwekukurumidza kunonoka kukura uye matambudziko. Pakati paiva nehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwekuvandudza hunosanganisira Rett syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, uye chirwere chinopararira chinokurudzirwa chisina kutaurwa (PDD-NOS) .
Nhasi, pamwe nekudhindwa kweDSM-5 (Diagnostic Manual Version 5) pane imwe chete yeruzhinji rwevanhu vane autism: autism spectrum disorder .
Chero munhu ane zviratidzo zvinowirirana ne autism achabvuma chirwere cheADD, pamwe nehutano hwehutano (1 (kukwirira kwepamusoro), 2 (zvishoma nezvishoma), kana 3 (chakanyanya)) uye, kana zvakakodzera, zvinyorwa. Zvimwe zvinowanzozivikanwa zvinosanganisira kuora mwoyo kwekuremara, kushungurudzika kwekutora, nezvimwewo.
Iko kushandura kunoreva kuti vanhu vakawanda vakaonekwa kuti vane Asperger syndrome "vakanyora" zvakarasikirwa nehotera iyo. Asi nekuda kwekuti izwi rokuti Asperger syndrome rakashandiswa zvikuru, uye rakarondedzera rudzi rwakadaro rwekutsvaga, zita rakaramba. Somugumisiro, vanhu vazhinji vane hurefu hwekushandisa autism vachiri kutsanangura ivo pachavo sevari neAsperger syndrome.
5 Zvinhu Zvokuziva Nezve Autism
1. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, hatizivi chinokonzera autism . Tinoziva kuti mishonga mishomanana, inotorwa panguva yekuzvitakura, inogona kuwedzera njodzi ye autism. Kunze kweizvozvo, zvisinei, ruzivo rwedu haruna.
Somuenzaniso, tinoziva kuti vakomana vari pangozi yakakura kudarika vasikana, asi hatizivi nei. Saizvozvowo, tinoziva kuti vabereki vakwegura vane mikana yekuve nevana vane mavhisi-asi zvakare, hatizivi kuti sei.
Isu tinoziva kuti autism inoratidzika kuti inomhanya mumhuri, asi pfupi kusarudza kusava nevana zvachose, hapana nzira yekuziva kana mwana acharamba kana asingazove autistic.
- Ndezvipi zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinotyisa zve Autism?
- Mwana Wedu Anotevera Achave Aine Autistic Here?
- Is Autism Genetic?
- Inobata Chikonzero Nei Autism?
2. Kune vazhinji vanogadzirira autism mishonga asi hapana mushonga unozivikanwa. Autism mishonga haigoni kurapwa, asi pane zvinosanganisira kuipa kwakanaka, kukura, kutaura, uye kurapwa kwebasa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kurapwa kunogona kuva nechinangwa chakanaka.
Nokuti vana vazhinji vane autism vane zvirwere zvepamuviri, zvinowanzokosha kudzivirira zvimwe zvekudya panguva yekuvimbisa kuti mwana wako ane chikafu chakakodzera. Parizvino, zvisinei, hapana mishonga, kurapwa, kana kudya kwakakosha kunenge kuchirapa autism.
3. Autism inogona kusimbisa simba pamwe nematambudziko. Kune, hongu, hongu, matambudziko akawanda anowanikwa ne autism. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vazhinji vari mumitambo vanoita zvishoma kusvika kune simba rakanyanya.
Semuyenzaniso:
- Vanhu vazhinji vane autism vane uchenjeri kwazvo. Chimwe chiverengero chakakura ndechokuti zvinenge zvisinganzwisisiki zvingwara uye nzvimbo dzine simba guru rekufunga.
- Vanhu vazhinji vari mumitambo vane unyanzvi hwakasimba munharaunda yemimhanzi, masvomhu, teknolojia, unyanzvi, uye unyanzvi-kunyange chokwadi che "savant" unyanzvi husingawanzoitiki.
- Vanhu vane autism vanowanzova vakavimbika uye vakatendeseka, muchidimbu nokuti vanoona zvakaoma kuziva kana kushandisa kushora, kusavimbika, kunyengera, kana kuti "nhema nhema."
4. Kune dzakawanda zvenhema pamusoro pevhisi. Izvo zvakaoma kune vakawanda vasiri vese autistic kufungidzira kuti chii chakafanana kuva autistic. Mukuwedzera, kunyanya kufambira mberi uye IQ miedzo yakagadzirwa kune vanhu vasiri autistic. Somugumisiro, zvinyorwa zvakave zvakapoteredza autism.
Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti vanhu vevististic havagoni kuratidza rudo, havana mafungiro, kana kuti havafungi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusanzwisisa uye kwete kubva kuchokwadi.
5. Mhando dzose dze autism dzinogona kuva dzakaoma. Maitiro akaoma evistism anogona kuva akaoma zvikuru kutarisira nokuti vanogona kuuya pamwe nemafambiro ane utsinye nekunyanya kukurukurirana matambudziko. Asi kushandiswa kwepamusoro kwevhisiki kazhinji kunowirirana nehutano hwepfungwa dzakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo, kusazvibata, maitiro, kunyanya kunetseka, uye kuora mwoyo.
Kune Vaya Vanoziva Kuchangobva Kuziva
Kana mwana wako muduku achangobva kuongororwa ane autism, iri pfungwa yakanaka yekutsvaga pfungwa yechipiri-kunyanya kana kuongororwa kwakabva kune imwe nzvimbo kunze kwechiremba ane ruzivo rwakakura rwevhisi.
Kana uchinge waita kuti mwana wako aongororwe, danho rakanaka rinotevera nderokutaurirana nevana vako vekuchikoro uye chikoro chekuchikoro kuti ugadzire kushanda kwekutanga kwekutanga. Iwe unogonawo kutarisa maitiro ekurapa mapurogiramu epachikoro uye playgroups. Paunotsvaga autism, iva nechokwadi chekutarisisa zvinyorwa zvako zvakanyatsonaka, sezvo pane zvakawanda zvisinganzwisisiki zvinowanika paIndaneti uye nemuzambiringa.
Apo vanhu vakuru vanoonekwa kuti vane autism, kazhinji nokuti vanorarama nezviratidzo zvishoma. Ichokwadi ndechokuti hapana chikonzero chekuita chinhu chero chipi zvacho shure kwekuongororwa; autism haisi kurapwa, saka kurapwa nemishonga zvinosarudzwa.
Vakawanda vakura, zvisinei, vanosarudza kutevera kuongorora kwavo kuburikidza nekusvika kumunhu mukuru wekukurudzira uye mapoka ekutsigira, nekuwana mushonga ane ruzivo rwakakodzera, nekutsvaga rubatsiro nekunetseka kwezvinangwa, kana nekungoziva zvakawanda pamusoro pehutano.
Mibvunzo Yokubvunza Nezve Autism
Sezvaunotanga kufunga pamusoro pekutsvakurudza kwevirist, kune mimwe mibvunzo chaiyo yaunoda kuongorora. Izvi zvingangosanganisira:
- Ndeipi mishonga yakanakisisa yemwana wangu?
- Ndeupi rudzi rwekudzidzisa kwakanakisisa kumwana wangu?
- Ndezvipi zviitiko zvekuvaraidza uye zvemunharaunda zvingave zvakafanira mwana wangu?
- Ndinofanira kuronga sei nguva yeramangwana yenguva refu?
Kurarama Ne Autism
Kana mwana wako akaongororwa ane autism, ichava chikonzero mune zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvaunoita uye uye kwaari. Zvisarudzo zvako zvichasiyana zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvemwana wako, kupindura kwako kune zviratidzo izvi, mararamiro ako, uye mari yako.
Asi zvisinei kuti chii, iwe uchafanira kufungisisa uye kuronga kuzotenderera autism yemwana wako. Zvichida zvinonyanya kukosha, iwe unoda kushanda nezvikoro, nyika uye masangano ehurumende, vanachiremba, uye magweta kuti vatsigire zvinodiwa nemwana wenyu.
Shoko Rinobva
Kuongororwa kweA autism kunogona kukura. Kune vamwe vanhu, zvinogona kutya. Asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvinopfuura zvingaita kuti urarame zvakanaka ne autism.
Nokufamba kwenguva, uchawana huwandu hwemhando uye mikana inowanikwa kuvana vane autism nemhuri dzavo. Iwe uchaonawo kukwanisa kwako pachako kukunda-uye kunyange kubudirira-ne autism.
Sources:
Autism Society of America Website
Autism Spectrum Disorders (Dambudziko Rokunyanya Kubudirira) National Institute of Mental Health, 2016.
Greenspan, Stanley. "Mwana Ane Zvimwe Zvidikanwi." C 1998: Books Perseus.
Romanowski, Patricia et al. "OASIS Mutungamiri weAsperger Syndrome." C 2000: Crown Publishers, New York, NY.