Chii Chinoita Kuti Autism Yakanyanya Kuoma?

Autism Yakanyanya Haisi Kuzivikanwa Kwepamutemo, asi Kune Matambudziko Akasiyana-siyana

Hakuchina kuonekwa kwakadai seku "autism yakaoma." Apo shoko iri rinoshandiswa, naizvozvo, inongova nzira chaiyo yekutsanangura maitiro emuunhu wekushanda nekudikanwa. Autism yakawandisa dzimwe nguva inonzi "low-functioning autism", autism yakafanana, "Kanner's" autism (mushure meiye munhu akatanga kutsanangura autism sechirwere chisina kumira), kana kuti autism yakasimba. Zvinyorwa zvese, rinotsanangura vanhu ivavo vemuviri vane zviratidzo zvikuru.

Matambudziko Ekutambudzika kana "Nhamba 3" Autism

Imwe nzira yekutsanangura yakaoma autism ndeyokutaura pamusoro pehutano hwekutsigirwa kunodiwa kumunhu ane chirwere chekuita kuti aite zvakanaka. Ikozvino kuongororwa bhuku (DSM-5) inopa hutatu hutatu hwe autism, uye humwe hutsigiro hunodiwa pane imwe nhare. Vanhu vane mhirizhonga yakanyanya kazhinji vanoonekwa kuti vane "Nhamba 3" Autism Spectrum Disorder , zvinoreva kuti vanoda ruzhinji rwekutsigirwa. Hazvisi zvisingawanzoiti kune munhu ane chirwere chakasimba kuti awane 24/7 kutsigirwa uye kutarisirwa.

Autism yakanyanya inogona kuva yakaipisisa uye yakaoma pane dzimwe mhando dze autism. Izvi zvinoreva kuti (1) vanhu vane mhirizhonga yakasimba vane dzakawanda nenyaya dzakafanana neyomumwe munhu ari pamitambo, asi kune yakawanda kwazvo; uye (2) vanhu vane mhirizhonga yakasimba kazhinji vane zviratidzo zvikuru zvisinganzwisisiki mukushanda kwepamusoro. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvive zvisingabviri kuti munhu ane chirwere chakasimba (kana kuti mhuri yake) inoshanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana kubva kuchikoro kuenda kuresitoro kusvika kuhofisi yechiremba.

Zvimwe Zvinyorwa Zvitsva zveZvirevo zveMagetsi Autistic

Kuti munhu akwanise kuwana autism spectrum diagnosis, munhu anofanira kunge ane zviratidzo zvakakosha zvokuti anokanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Munhu wese anotenderera anofanira kunge ane hutano, hukurukuro, uye zvinetso zvinokonzera hupenyu huve hwakaoma; kunyange izvo zvinonzi "kushanda kwakasimba" autism kunogona kunge kwakaoma zvikuru.

Asi zvinetso izvi zvinomuka kune zvakasiyana zvakasiyana kune vanhu vane "zvakanyanya" autism. Semuyenzaniso:

1. Kutaura uye Mutauro Zvinetso : Kunyange zvazvo munhu wese ane autism spectrum chirwere ane nguva yakaoma nehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye kukurukurirana, vanhu vane mavhesi akaoma vangave vasina kukwanisa zvachose kushandisa mutauro unotaurwa . Vanogonawo kuonekwa sevasingazivi nezvevanhu vakavapoteredza.
2. Sensory Dysfunction. Vanhu vazhinji vomu autist spectrum vane manzwiro ekushaya simba (ivo vane hanya kana kuti havanzwisisi kujekesa, inzwi, kubata, kunhuwa kana kunhuwa). Vanhu vane mavhesi akaoma vanowanzove vane hanya zvikuru, kusvika pakuti kubuda mumapoka, zviedza zvinopenya kana mhere-mhere zvinogona kuva zvinotyisa.
3. Kuziva Njere. Vanhu vazhinji vane autism vane IQ yakakwirira. Vamwe vane IQ iri pamakore makumi matatu nemashanu kana makumi mapfumbamwe - iyo yakagurwa nokuda kwezvaiwanzoti kunonoka kwepfungwa. Kazhinji, kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vane mavhesi akaoma vane zvishoma kusvika pasi zvakanyanya IQ, kunyange kana vakaedzwa vachishandisa zvisiri izvo zvishandiso zvokushandisa. Zvakakosha kuziva, zvisinei, kuti kuonekwa kunogona kuve kunyengedza: vamwe vanhu vane autism yakaoma vakadzidza kukurukurirana vachishandisa chiratidzo, mapepeliti mapuraneti kana mamwe mathizha. Vamwe vevanhu ivavo vanonyanya kutaura, uye vanoita kuti zvive pachena kuti vamwe vanhu vane autism yakaoma vanokwanisa kupfuura ivo vanoita sevari.

1. Zvinyorwa Zvokudzokorora. Vanhu vazhinji vari mu autist spectrum vanodzokorora mafambiro uye kuzviita kuzvidzora . Kubata kwepamusoro vanhu vanogona kuvhara maoko avo, dombo, kana kuvhara minwe yavo. Kazhinji, vanogona kudzora maitiro aya kwenguva yakati kana zvichidiwa. Vanhu vane mhirizhonga yakasimba vanogona kunge vane maitiro mazhinji akadaro, uye maitiro akadaro anogona kuva akawandisa uye asingadzorwiki (kurwisana nechisimba, gonhi rinopomera, kuchema, nezvimwewo).
2. Zviratidzo Zvepanyama. Vanhu vane hutachiona hwakasimba vanogona kunge vane zviratidzo zvepanyama izvo dzimwe nguva zvinoonekwa neine autism shoma. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kurara, kuora, uye, maererano nemamwe mabhuku, zviratidzo zvepamuviri. Nemhaka yezvinetso zvavo nekukurukurirana, nyaya dzakadaro dzinogona kuitika dzisingaoneki kana kuti dzisingabvumirwi. Chigumisiro chechirwere chisingawaniki chinogona kuva nenyaya dzehutano dzinowanzokonzerwa nekurwadziwa mumuviri.

Matambudziko Asingaoneki Anobatsira Vanhu vane Autism Yakasimba

Maererano nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, zviito zvakanyanyisa zvakaratidzwa muAustism zvakanyanya kazhinji zvinokonzera kushungurudzika, kunyanya kunetseka, kana kurwadziwa mumuviri. Nokuti vanhu vane mavhesi akakura vane nguva yakaoma kudai kutaurirana zvido zvavo nemashoko, vanogona kuwana maitiro mumitemo inogona kutyisa kune avo vanochengeta uye nevamwe. Kana maitiro asina kukwanisa kutaridzirwa kana kugadziriswa, anogona chaizvo kuva nengozi; muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinenge zvisingabviri kuvabereki kana vanin'ina kuti vagare vakachengeteka nevechidiki kana kuti munhu mukuru.

1. Kuzvidavirira. Kunyange zvazvo kuzvikuvadza kunogona kuitika pakati pevanhu vane maitiro akaoma e autism, maitiro akadai sekumusoro-banging uye pica (kudya zvisiri zvekudya) zvinowanzoonekwa kune vanhu vane autism yakaoma.
2. Ane utsinye uye Anopesana Nezvokugara. Kumanikidzwa hakusi nyore mune autism, asi hazvina kunzwisisika, kunyanya pakati pevanhu vane mavhesi akaoma (kana pakati pevanhu vane autism nedzimwe nyaya dzakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo kwakanyanya). Vanhu vane mhirizhonga yakasimba vanogona kuita nekurova, kuchema, kana kurova. Vanogonawo kunge vane maitiro akadai sefecal smearing, musuo wekunamatira, nezvimwe zvinoda kukurumidza uye kugadzirisa mhinduro.
3. Kupera uye Eloping. "Eloping" (kurega pasina chikonzero chakajeka uye kwete nzvimbo chaiyo) kunowanzozivikanwa pakati pevanhu vane vhutu yakaoma. Kusiyana nehupamhi hwekushanda vanhu, vanhu vane autism yakaoma havana zvigadziriro zvekutaurirana nevanotanga kupindura. Izvi zvinogona, zvechokwadi, kuwedzera mukana wekuti munhu wacho achasimudza mumamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuvharwa kwakakosha, ma-alarms, uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa zvinodiwa kuti ivimbise kuchengetedzwa kwemunhu ane autism yakaoma.

Mishonga yeAustism Yakakura

Ikoko hakuna mushonga unoporesa zvakanyanya autism sechirwere. Iko kune, zvisinei, zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvokurapa uye zvisiri zvekurapa zvekutarisana nemararamiro ehutongi hwakaoma. Mamwe aya haasi chinhu chinopfuura kungwara kwakanaka.

• Tarisa nyaya dzepanyama uye kusawirirana kwezvokudya. Vanhu vashoma vane autism yakasimba vane mano ekurondedzera zviratidzo zvenyama kana matambudziko. Nokudaro, pfungwa yakanaka kutanga nekutarisa kana mwana ane chirwere chakanyanya chechimiti ane zviratidzo zvemuviri zvinogona kunge zvichiwedzeredza zvinetso zvepfungwa. Hazvisi zvisingazivikanwi, somuenzaniso, kuziva kuti kutadza kwemwana kunoratidzira utsinye ndiko kunopindura kumarwadzo akaoma emuviri - kurwadziwa kunogona kurapwa kuburikidza nekudya kwekudya. Kana imwe nguva marwadzo apera, munhu wacho anozviona zviri nyore kuti agare akasununguka, anobata, kudzidza, uye kuzvibata zvakakodzera.
• Dzidzisai kuyanana. Vana vazhinji vane mavhesi akakura havasi mazwi. Kunyange kana vachidzidza kushandisa mutauro, vamwe vane nguva yakaoma kukumbira kana kupindura mibvunzo, uye vanogona kudzokorora kunzwika pasina kuvanzwisisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, vazhinji vevanhu ivavo vasingakwanisi kutaura vanokwanisa kutaurirana kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwechiratidzo, makadhi emifananidzo, digital board board, uye keyboards. Kukurukurirana, chokwadi, ndicho chinhu chinokosha kune chero rudzi rwekuita nekudzidza.
• Ipa nzvimbo yakanyatsogadziriswa, yakanyanya kunetseka. Kune vamwe vanhu vane mafirimia akaoma, tsika yakawanda nguva dzose pamwe chete nemagetsi maduku, mashoma masuzha makuru, zvokudya zvinotarisirwa, uye zvinotsigira mabasa ezuva nezuva zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru.
• Kwete-kurapa kurapa. Mwana ane chirwere chakanyanya kazhinji anonyatsoteerera kuApplied Behavior Analysis (ABA), imwe nzira yehutano hwekuita iyo inowanzopiwa pasina chikwereti kuchikoro uye purogiramu yekupindira kwekutanga. Sensory therapy inobatanidza inogona kubatsira, sezvo autism yakawanda inowanzouya nematambudziko makuru. Zvimwe kurapa zvinobatsira zvinosanganisira kutaura, basa remishonga , chirwere chepanyama uye, dzimwe nguva, kutamba chirwere .
• Mishonga. Zvirwere zvevirism yakawanda zvinowanzobatanidza mishonga yekufunganya uye nyaya dzakabatana. Anti-psychotic zvinodhaka zvinogonawo kuitika, sezvinogona kupikisa zvinodzvinyirira. Zvakakosha kunyatsotarisa mhinduro dzemwana kune zvinodhaka, se-mune zvimwe zviitiko - migumisiro kana kushamwaridzana kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda sezvavanopedza.

> Sources:

D oyle, Carolyn, uye al.Pharmacologic kurapwa kwezviratidzo zvekuita zvinosangana nezvinetso zve autism zvinokonzera upenyu hwose. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012 Sep; 14 (3): 263-279.

> Ghaeli, Padideh et al. "Migumisiro yeChaperidone paCore Zviratidzo zveAvistic Disorder Kubva Muduku Autism Rating Scale: An Open Label Yokudzidza." Indian Journal Psychological Medicine 36.1 (2014): 66-70. PMC . Webhu. 29 Dec. 2016.