Kuonekwa kwekenza yemazamu kunoshungurudza. Asi nhasi, nehupenyu hwehupfumi hunosvika 98%, kune chikonzero chikuru kupfuura kare kuva netariro. Pane imwe nguva, kenza yemazamu inogona kuongororwa chete apo bundu rakakura zvakakwana kuona kana kunzwa. Iko zvino inogona kuonekwa - uye inoporesa - kure kare, kazhinji zvisati zvaitika zviratidzo zvave zvichionekwa.
Kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukenza yemazamu, kuongororwa uye kurapwa kunosanganisira:
- Mammography
- Kutsvakurudza kunatsiridza
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa estrogen
- Genetic testing
- Targeted molecular therapy
Mumakumi maviri emakore adarika, kufambira mberi kwezvokurapa kwakabatsira kuburitsa kunzwisisa kwedu kenza.
Kufambira Mberi muAchirwere Chepabonde Kuongororwa
Kubva kuma1950, kufambira mberi mumammography kunonzi kunokura kwemakore mashanu ekupukunyuka kwekenza yepabonde iripo (iyo haina kupararira kubva panzvimbo yayo yakabva) kubva pa80 kusvika ku 98%. Mammography iye zvino ndiyo nhamba imwe yenzira yekuona kenza yemvere. Nzira idzi dzinotevera dzave dzichishandiswa pamakore ekuona:
- Nhamba yeMamography - Mushure mekunge 1967, chirwere chekuongorora chinonzi mammography chakawana mukurumbira nekuiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakanyanya nokuda kwezamu x-rays. Panguva iyoyo, chinangwa chekuita mammography - yakafanana neyoyo MRI nhasi - yaiva yekuwedzera kuongororwa kwemaitiro asina kumboonekwa. Kuongorora mammograms - ikozvino kurairwa kune vose vakadzi vane makore makumi mana nepamakore - yakatanga muma1980.
- Digital Mammography - Digital mammography yakaiswa mukutanga kwema1990 uye inopa mifananidzo yakajeka uye kuchengetedza zviri nyore kwekuenzanisira kwemazuva anotevera, asi haisati iripo munzvimbo dzakawanda, kunyanya kunze kwemaguta uye zvipatara zvakakura zvekudzidzisa. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti chidimbu chemajimusi chinonyanya kubatsira vakadzi vaduku vanopfuura makumi mashanu avo vachiri kuita nguva, uyewo avo vane mazamu emvere. Mucheka ane mafuta mashomanene anogona kuvhara maitiro asina kukodzera mumakumbo. Kune vakadzi vazhinji, digital haisi yakarurama zvakare kupfuura yenguva dzose mammography, asi inenge inenge kaviri inodhura uye zvishoma kudarika kuvharwa ne inshuwarisi.
- Tatu-Dimensional Mammography - Nyanzvi itsva yakabvumirwa neDFA muna 2011, katatu-dimensional mammography inogona kubudisa mifananidzo yakajeka netariro yekupa mamwe kanzira uye kuderedza nhamba yekudzoka mammograms hafu.
- Ultrasound - Mukupera kwema1970, vanachiremba vakatanga kushandisa ultrasound kuti vaone kana cyst yakanga yava kutoonekwa yakanga yakaoma kana mvura, iyo yakabatsira kubvunzurudza.
- MRI - Muna 2007, American Cancer Society (ACS) inorayira gore negore MRIs kune vakadzi vari pangozi yekenza yemazamu, asi nzira inodhura uye inongowanikwa mumaguta makuru. Hakuna ultrasound kana MRI inogona kuona michina yakawanda, iyo dzimwe nguva inongova chiratidzo chokutanga chekenza. Chimwe chingave chakaipa ndechekuti MRI haigoni nguva dzose kusiyanisa kenza yebenin (noncancerous) anomalies, zvichiita kuti mamwe maitiro - nzira inoshandiswa kubvisa mazamu (s) emuviri kubva kunofungidzirwa chirwere.
- Clinical Breast Exams and Self-Exams - IAACS yakambokurudzirwa gore negore kuongororwa mazamu nechiremba pamwe chete nekuzvidzivirira mazamu (BSEs), Muna 2015, vakagadzirisa mazano ekuti havasati vataura chirongwa chekliniki yekuongorora kuongorora kenza yepabonde pakati vakadzi vanoverengeka vane ngozi pazera ripi zvaro.
Kuvhiya, Mazairo, uye Chemotherapy
Izvi zvinotevera kurapa kwakasiyana-siyana kwakashandiswa kwemakore:
- Kuvhiyiwa Kunosvika - Kuwedzera kwemazamu - kubudiswa kwemazamu, mvere dzemapfupa uye zvisikwa zvemuviri zvinonzi lymph nodes - zvakaitwa pane dzimwe nguva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19. Gore ra1940 rava kunopera rakagadzirisa radical mastectomy , iyo inobvisa maronda. Mumakore ekuma1970, chirongwa chisina kukodzera chokuvhiya chakashandiswa, chichitarisa kubviswa kwechirwere uye zvishoma zviduku zvakapoteredza - zvinowanzonzi " lumpectomy ." Muna 1985, lumpectomy pamwe chete nehutachiona hwemazuva akaonekwa sehunobudirira sehutachiona huri maererano nehupenyu hwehupenyu asi hukakonzerwa nehuwandu hunoita zvekudzokera kune dzimwe nyika.
- Radiation - Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi20, vanachiremba vakatanga kushandisa mashizha kuti vashandise zvipembenene zvine kenza.
- Chemotherapy - Yakatangwa muma1940, chemotherapy inogona kuderedza chiremara chemasimba vasati vavhiyiwa, kudzivirira kudzokorora shure uye kubata chirwere chakakonzerwa nemasikirwo , ndiko kuti, kupararira kupfuura nzvimbo yayo yokutanga. Kunyange zvazvo ichiri kuunza migumisiro, kusanganisira kuora mwoyo, kupera uye mafuta emasokisi kuora, chemotherapy inonyanya kuoma nhasi kupfuura makore apfuura.
Pharmaceutical Breakthroughs
Izvi zvinotevera nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemishonga dzakashandiswa zvakare:
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modifiers (SERMS) - SERMs, dzakadai saNolvadex (tamoxifen) , vanorwisa kanzira dzinoda estrogen kukura nekudzikisa kukwanisa kweesrogen kupinda mukenza yemukenza. Madzimai ane ngozi yakawanda, tamoxifen yakawanikwa yekuderedza kudzokorora uye kukura kwekenza yemazamu isina kuvhiringidza ne50% kana yakatorwa kwemakore mashanu. Tamoxifen inokonzera njodzi yekusava kufa kwekenza yemukomana; asi njodzi, zvisinei, yakawanda zvikuru. Evista (raloxifene) , yakafanana, kunyange zvazvo isiri mishonga isingashandisi, haina kuwanikwa kuva nehutano hwehutano hwehupombwe. Hazvirevi kutorwa kwetamoxifen uye kunongotarisirwa kune avo vane estrogen positive kanzvadzi yekenza.
- Aromatase Inhibitors - Pamusoro pevarume vane manopausal , aromatase inhibitors - kirasi yemishonga inosanganisira Arimidex (anastrozole) , Aromasin (exemestane) uye Femara (letrozole) - kushanda nekuderedza isrogen inowanikwa nekenza masero uye yakawanikwa ichibudirira kupfuura tamoxifen kuvakadzi vane postmenopausal uye vane esrogen yakanaka yemazamu emuti.
- Targeted Hormonal Therapies - Herceptin (trastuzumab) chirwere chinotarisirwa chinonyatsoenderana nechimwe chimiro chekenza yemazamu ine zvakawanda zveHER2 / neu protein pane iyo. Iyo inoparadza masero emukenza, asi zvishoma zvishoma mishonga ine utano. Herceptin yakabatanidzwa nechemotherapy kuderedza kuderedza HER2 / neu-positive kenza yemafu ne50%.
Kudzivirira uye Kuedza kweGenetic
Nhasi, tinoziva kuti kudya kunovaka muviri , kugara uchirovedza muviri , kuchengeta uremu uye kudzivisa doro zvese zvinobatsira vakadzi kuderedza ngozi yavo yekenza yemazamu.
Kune vamwe vakadzi, mararamiro emararamiro angasave akakwana. Mukupera kwema1990, sayenzi yakaratidza kuti zvimwe zvipembenene (mutations) zvemajini BRCA1 neBrCA2 zvinokonzera kuwedzera kwe80% muhutachiwana hwekenza yepamu. Vamwe vakadzi vanoona kuti vari mumatambudziko makuru vanotora danho rakakura rekubvisa mazamu avo - uye dzimwe nguva mazai avo, zvakare - mukufamba kuti vasapinda chirwere chacho.
Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti genetics ndiyo miganhu inotevera. Zviramangwana zvirongwa zvinogona kusanganisira kuongororwa kwemazwi ekugadzirisa kurapwa kwehutano uye kunyange nzira yekugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa zvirwere zvinokuvadza pamberi pekenza yemazamu. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kukurumidza ruzivo rwezvechiremba kunogonawo kusiyira vakadzi kunzwa vachinetseka sezvavanorwisana nemishonga inoshanda yekurapa.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti hausi wega. Nhasi, vanopukunyuka kenza yemazamu vane simba guru munharaunda yedu, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwavo kuwanda nekuonekwa kuburikidza nezviitiko zvakadai seSusan G. Komen Foundation National (gore negore) Race for the Cure. Mukuwedzera, mapoka ekusimbisa kenza yepazamu , mharaunda yeIndaneti, uye zvimwe zviitiko zvinopa anchor kuvakadzi vanoonekwa vane chirwere ichi.
Sources:
American Cancer Society. "Nhoroondo yeCancer." Cancer.org. 25 Mar. 2002. American Cancer Society. 22 May 2008.
American Cancer Society. "Mammograms uye Zvimwe Zviratidzo Zvokufungidzira Mazamu." Cancer.org. 29 March 2007. American Cancer Society. 28 May 2008.
American Cancer Society. "Chirwere Cheshuga Chepabonde: Kenza Kanzvadzi Yakabatwa Sei?" Cancer.org. 26 Sept. 2007. American Cancer Society. 28 May 2008.
Bhatty, I, et al. "Matambudziko pashure pekugadziriswa kwechirwere chisina kumira mushure mekusangana kwekenza kare." Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences . 20 (2). April-June 2004. 125-130 .. 29 May 2008
Cotlar, Alvin. "Nhoroondo dzeUkuvhiya Kwechirwere Chepabonde: Kuwedzeredza Kune Kuzvikudza." Kuvhiya Kwemazuva Ano 60: 3 (2003): 329-337.
Cox, Charles. "Nzira dzeNorodhi mu Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Localization Yezvisingagoni Kuitika Mavanga Emvere: Moffitt Experience." Annals of Oncology Surgery . 10.1245 / ASO.2004.12.9132004. 222-226.
Dershaw, D .. "Firimu kana Digital Mammographic Screening?" New England Journal of Medicine. 353: 17 (2005): 1846-1847. (kubhadhara)
"Estrogen uye Chechi yeBeast Risk: The Relationship." Purogiramu yeBercer Cancer uye Zviitiko Zvengozi . March 1998. Sprecher Institute yekuenzanisa Kanzerano-Cornell University. 29 May 2008.
Gauthier-Villars, Marion. "Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Predisposition." Mapiritsi Okuvhiya eNorth America 79: 5 (1999): 1171-1187. (kubhadhara)
Ndarama, Richard. "Radiologic History Exhibit." Pfungwa huru kubva muNhoroondo yeMammography. " Radiographics. 10: 6 (1990) 1111-1131. 2 June 2008.
Kriege, Mieke. "Kubudirira kweMRI uye Mammography yeChecer Cancer Screening in Vakadzi vane Mhuri kana kuti Mahedheni." New England Journal of Medicine Bhuku 351: 529. (2004). 427-437. 28 May 2008 <>
National Cancer Institute. "Maitiro ekuberekwa kweBetic and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Ndiyo Sarudzo Yenyu." National Cancer Institute . 20 March 2006. US National Institutes of Health. 28 May 2008.
Osborne, C. Kent. "Tamoxifen Murapa yeBrazil Cancer." New England Journal of Medicine . 339: 22 (1998). 1609-1618. 28 May 2008.
Poplack, S. "Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Initial Experience muna 98 Vakadzi vane Dambudziko Risiri Kuongorora Dhigirii." American Journal of Roentgenology. 189: 3 (2007) 616-623. (kubhadhara)