Chii chinonzi emphysema uye zvinorevei kana iwe kana munhu waunoda wapihwa izvi? Ndezvipi zviratidzo, ndezvipi zvinokonzera (mukuwedzera kune kusvuta), uye zvinobatwa sei?
Tsanangudzo
Emphysema chirwere chisingagumi chepapu chinokonzerwa nekukuvadza kune alveoli , maduku maduku emhepo mumapapu umo kushandiswa kweokisijeni uye carbon dioxide kunoitika.
Ne emphysema, kukanganisa ku-alveoli kunoita kuti mweya ubatwe, zvichiita kuti vawedzere uye vaparare. Kukuvadza kunonzi alveoli, uye kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekushandurwa kwemhepo kunokonzera kuderera kwemuviri weakisi muropa (hypoxemia) pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwezinga re carbon dioxide muropa (hypercapnia).
Emphysema ndechimwe chirwere chechironic obstructive chirwere cheplm (COPD) , chirwere chemapapu chinokonzera maronchitis asingagumi uye bronchiectasis . COPD iko zvino inonzi ndiyo yechina chinokonzera rufu muUnited States.
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvekuvhara muviri zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kusuruvara kwemhepo: Chiratidzo chinowanzoonekwa chemphysema kupererwa kwepfufu . Inowanzouya zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiitika pakutanga chete nemabasa. Sezvo chirwere ichi chichipfuurira, kupfupika kwefema (dyspnea) inowanikwawo pazororo.
- Gorofu: Kurwiswa kunoramba kuripo kunowanzoshamisa uye dzimwe nguva kwakaoma kusiyanisa kubva mukukanganiswa kwefodya .
- Kugadzira sputum kana phlegm
- Wheezing. Emphysema, kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga, zvingave zvakaoma kusiyanisa kubva pachirwere. Misiyano ndeyokuti nechirwere chekudzivirira kwemhepo kunodzokorora asi ne emphysema haisi.
- Anogara achifema kupora sezvakaita bronchitis kana pneumonia
- Chipfuva chepfu
- Cyanosis: Blueness yeminwe nemiromo
- Dzidzira kusawirirana: Vamwe vanhu havaoni kupererwa kwepfudzi zvakananga, asi pane kucherechedza kuti havakwanisi kuita sepanyama sezvakange vambove, somuenzaniso, zvinova zvakaoma kufamba nepamusoro kana kukwira kakawanda ndege dzezvikamu.
- Muscle atrophy: Kusanganiswa kwekuita muviri pamwe chete nemimwe migumisiro yechirwere kunogona kukonzera kushungurudza kwemasisita uye kuora mwoyo. Iyi misi inopera, kunyanya mumisungo miviri, inogonawo, inotungamirira pakupfuurira kufema kufema nekuda kwekuderedza simba rekupumha.
Zvinokonzera
Kusvuta ndicho chinonyanya kukonzera kuvhara muviri, inofungidzirwa kuti inokonzera 85 muzana kusvika 90 muzana yematambudziko. Asi kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvinokonzera zvinogona kuita chete, kana pamwe pamwe nekusvuta, kukonzera emphysema. Hatina chokwadi chaicho chinokonzera COPD, asi huwandu hwezvipingamupinyi hwakave hwakatorwa kusanganisira:
- Utsi hwechipiri hunoshandiswa
- Occupational kusvibiswa nemhepo, guruva, nemhepo, zvakadai semakiliyasi, cadmium, guruva remasha, uye zviyo uye upfu hwakasviba
- Kusvibiswa kwemhepo
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin kushayikwa : Izvi zvinokonzerwa nedambudziko zvinogona kukonzera emphysema inowanikwa kune varwere vari vaduku zvikuru. Iyi mamiriro ekufanirwa inofungidzirwa apo nhengo dzakawanda dzemhuri dzakagadzira emphysema, kunyanya avo vasina kumboputa.
- Chirwere: Asthma inoreva zvirwere zvemapapu zvinodzokororwa asi emphysema haigoni kushandiswa, asi pane dzimwe nguva, chirwere cheputi chinogona kutungamirira ku emphysema.
Mishonga
Emphysema haigoneki uye inofambira mberi kwekufamba kwenguva, saka zvinangwa zvekurapa emphysema zviri kutadzisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere nekuvandudza zviratidzo. Mimwe mishonga inosanganisira:
- Mishonga : Hapana mishonga yekurapa iyo yakaratidza kubudirira mukuderedza kuwedzera kwekuderera kwemapapu basa ne emphysema. Pane kudaro, mishonga inoshandiswa kubatsira kubatsira kuwedzera kwekushushikana , kuderedza kuwedzera kweCOPD , uye kunatsiridza hutano huripo. Mishonga inoshandiswa kweCOPD yakagadzikana inosanganisira bronchodilators , glucocorticoids , uye ma antibiotics nokuda kwezvirwere.
- Oxygen therapy : Izvi zvinogona kupiwa nguva dzose, panguva yebasa, kana kuti kubatsirwa kwezviitiko zvisinganzwisisiki zvemhepo. Kwenguva yakareba oxygen therapy yemaawa anopfuura makumi maviri nemasikati anopiwa apo murwere ane mafasi ekusimudzira oksijeni mazinga panguva yeChitatu IV COPD. Muchikwata cheCOPD, chirwere che okisijeni chinogona kuwedzera kupona.
- Kusiya kusvuta: Izvi zvakakosha kune vanhu vanorarama nemamiriro aya uye zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kufambira mberi kwechirwere.
- Kugadziriswa kwepulmonary : Pane zvakawanda zvinobatsira zvekugadziriswa kwepermonary , iyo inoporesa mumuviri wemapapu. Iyo chirongwa chekudzivirira maitiro chinofanira kupedza kwemavhiki masere. Kurapa kwepulmonary kunogona kuita musiyano mukuru kune vamwe vanhu vanogara neine emphysema mukuvandudza maitiro ekutsungirira, kuderedza zviratidzo, nekuderedza zvirwere uye urefu hwekugara.
- Kuzvidzivirira : Kuramba uchikwanisa kusangana nemishonga, kunyanya chirwere chechirwere uye pneumonia vaccine, inobatsira kudzivirira zvirwere zvinogona kuguma kuwedzera kuwedzera chirwere chacho .
- Nguva dzose maitiro ekurovedza muviri : Emphysema inogadzira denderedzwa rakaipa. Chirwere chacho pachako chinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kushandisa, uye kushamiswa kwemasumbu kunogona kuita kuti chirwere ichi chiwedzere. Dzidzo dzakanakisisa dzeCOPD dzinosanganisira kusanganiswa kwekutsungirira, kushanduka, uye simba rekudzidzisa.
- Kuvhiya: Kuita kuti kuvhara ropa kuregererwa kubvisa mishonga yakakanganisika kunogona kubatsira kune vamwe vanhu vane emphysema yakanyanya, zvikuru kune avo vane zvirwere zvinowanzobatanidza nepamusoro lobes. Izvozvi zvinogona kuitika kune varwere vane giant bullae. Kuwedzerwa kwemafupa ndeimwe kufunga.
Kuwedzera
Emphysema inoratidzirwa neinozivikanwa seCOPD kuwedzera -periods umo zviratidzo zvinowedzera kuipa, kazhinji zvichida kuti chipatara chigamuchirwe. Izvo zvinowanzoitika zvinowanzoputirwa nehutachiwana asi zvinogona kubviswa nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akadai kusvibiswa nekusvibiswa kwemweya, huni utsi, kana kunyange zvinonhuwira mune mall.
Kuwedzera Kwengozi yeKunguru yeLung
Vanhu vane emphysema vanewo mungozi yakawanda yekuva nekenza yemapapu . Kuongororwa kwekenza yemaperembudzi inowanikwa kune avo vari pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu uye vanoputa kwemakore makumi matatu emakore . Izvozvo zvakati, emphysema ndiyo ngozi yakazvimirira inokonzerwa nekenza yemapapu uye vamwe vanhu vangave vachida kuongororwa kunyange kana vasina kusvuta, kana kuti vanosvuta pasi pemakore makumi matatu emakore. Zvakakoshawo kuziva nezvezviratidzo zvekenza yemapapu kana uine emphysema, sezvimwe zvezviratidzo pakati pemamiriro maviri aya zvinogona kutarisa zvakafanana. Kana zviratidzo zvako zveCOPD zviri kuwedzera, kunyange kana zviine zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika kwauri, taura nachiremba wako nezvekwanisika yemukenza wemapapu. Kanzera yemaperembudzi inonyanya kurapwa apo inowanikwa muzvikamu zvekutanga zvechirwere.
Kutsungirira uye Kutsigira
Emphysema inogona kuva chirwere chinokanganisa kwose kwose. Haufaniri kungobata zviratidzo uye kurapwa chete, asi zviratidzo izvi uye kurapwa kunogona kukanganisa kune imwe nzvimbo yese yehupenyu hwako. Vanhu vazhinji vane COPD vanowana rubatsiro rwakakwana.
Ramangwana rezvirwere
Penguva ino, emphysema inoramba iri chirwere chisingaregereki uye kurapwa chinangwa chekutadzisa kufambira mberi uye zvinetso zvine chokuita nechirwere chacho. Kushandisa kufambira mberi kwemazuva ano pakunzwisisa kwemasero nemasero emapapu mumapapu, zvidzidzo zve laboratori zvakapa tariro yokuti mapapu ekugadzirwa patsva anogona kunge ari nzira yekudzosera hupenyu huno munguva yemberi. Zvirwere zvemakliniki, zvisinei, zvakakundikana kuratidzira chero rubatsiro rweizvi kusvika panguva ino.
> Sources:
> Kasper DL. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine . New York: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
> Oh, D., Kim, Y., uye Y. Oh. Chirwere Chirwere Chirwere Chirwere Chirwere Chisingaperi Chirwere chepulmonary. Chirwere cheTiberculosis uye Hupemiramu . 2017. 80 (1): 1-10.
> Rzadkiewicz M, Bratas O, Espnes G. Chii Chatinofanira Kuziva Nezvekuwana COPD? Kuongorora Kunotsanangurwa Mukutsvaga Varwere 'Pfungwa Yezvepfungwa Inokanganisa. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . 2016. 11: 1195-2304.
> van Agteren J, Carson K, Tiong L, Smith B. Kura Kwekubatsira Kurapa Kuchipararira Kwekupararira Emphysema. Cochrane Database yekuongorora kwakarongeka . 2016 10: CD001001.