Chirongwa cheManomwe Anofungidzira uye Kubatana Kunoita
Heino mamwe mashoko okudzidza maitiro emanzwiro evana anokonzera kubatanidzwa mumabasa ezuva nezuva. Vanachiremba Occupational Therapy vanodzidziswa kuti vanzwisise kuti vana vanoona sei zviratidzo zvepfungwa zvinokonzera kukwanisa kwavo kubatanidzwa mumitambo yezuva nezuva nemabasa, anozivikanwa se "mabasa". Mimwe mienzaniso inogona kusanganisira mabasa ezuva nezuva akafanana nenguva yekudya, utsanana, kupfeka, kutamba, kushamwaridzana, kudzidza kana kunyange kurara.
Waizviziva here kuti tine pfungwa dzakawanda kupfuura ye "classic five" manzwiro ekuona, kunzwa, kunhuwa, kunonaka uye kubata? Tsanangudzo idzi shanu dzinotiudza nezvekuti ndeapi marudzi ekunzwa ari kuuya kubva kunze kwemuviri. Asi zvakadini nekunzwa kunobva mukati memuviri?
Kune dzimwe mbiri dzakawanda " dzakavanzwa " pfungwa dzinopawo zvakakosha kuti tinokwanisa kutora chikamu muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinosanganisira manzwiro edu ekuenzanisa uye kufamba ("chimiro" chetsika) uye pfungwa yedu yekuziva muviri ("unhu").
Pamwe chete, zvose zvinomwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinobatsira kuti mwana awane nharo dzekushanda nesimba mumabasa ose ezuva nezuva. Dzinotipa ruzivo pamusoro pokuti muviri wedu uri kufamba sei uye chii chiri kuitika munyika inotitenderedza.
Apo patinotora ruzivo rwemashoko kubva mukati memiviri yedu uye kubva kwakatipoteredza, hurongwa hwedu hukuru hwehutano (uropi uye rwonzi rwomumumvuri) runotora basa rokukurumidzira kurongedza zvose izvi zvinopindira muuropi.
Uropi hunogona kutumira zviratidzo kune zvikamu zvakakodzera zvemuviri kuitira kuti uite motokari yakakodzera, maitiro, kana mhinduro dzemagariro (inozivikanwa se "mhinduro inogadzirisa"). Nenzira imwe, ubongo hwedu hunoita semutungamiri wemigwagwa, kuronga manzwiro ekushandisa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se " kushamwaridzana kwekunzwa " kana "kutaridzika kwezvinhu".
Mune vanhu vane hutano husina kunyatsobatanidzwa, izvi zvinowanzoitika, zvisinganzwisisi, uye zvishoma nenguva. Kukwanisa kugadzirisa manzwiro nekubudirira uye zvino kubudisa magetsi anobudirira kana maitiro ekuzvibata (anozivikanwa se "kugadzirisa mhinduro") inoita kuti vana vave mukutonga uye vanzwe pfungwa yekuvimba.
Iye zvino zvawakataurirwa kune pfungwa yekubatanidzwa kwemashoko, ngatitarirei maitiro ayo manzwiro ega ese anoshanda uye kuti anobatsira sei kuti kubudirire muhupenyu hwomwana hwezuva nezuva.
1. Vestibular System
Iyi sangano inokonzera pfungwa yedu yekuenzanisa uye kufamba, uye inogara mukati medu nzeve. Simba redu rinoshandiswa nguva dzose kana misoro yedu ichichinja, uye inoramba ichisimbiswa nemasimba ekuderera emagetsi (izvi zvinogamuchirwa zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi zvinoshandiswawo nekutenderera kwepafupa, zvakadai sekushandisa dhizha rinoputika kana kuteerera mimhanzi ine nzara bass). Nzira yedu yekusungira yakafanana ne "iwe uri pano" chiratidzo uye inotipa maonero ekuti tiri kupi mune nhatu-dimensional space. Mienzaniso yezviitiko zvinosanganisira kupindira kwemasvikiro kunosanganisira kuruka, kusvetuka, kuputika, kusvetuka, kusunungura musoro wako kushambidza bvudzi rako, uye kunyange kukotamira mberi kusunga shangu dzako.
Iyo vestibular system is complex, powerful system. Mhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa ku vestibular system inogona kunge yakanyaradza, kuchenesa, kurongeka, kana kusarura, zvichienderana nerudzi rwekufambisa uye kuti inofanirwa sei kuti mwana afambe. Sangano re "vestibular" rinobatanidza kakawanda nechose chinenge chimwe chikamu cheuropi " , achibvumira kuti iyanane nemamwe maitiro ekunzwisisa uyewo kukanganisa zvimwe zvisingabatsiri-zvine chokuita nemhinduro, manzwiro ekudya, uye kudzidza zvidzidzo. Sensory-yakarovedzwa Occupational Therapists vanoziva nzira yekuziva kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekudzivirira maziso kunobatsira kuti mwana aratidze kupindura kwaidiwa nekuvandudza kukwanisa kwavo kubatanidzwa mumabasa ekushanda.
Kunyanya kutaura, sangano rinoshandiswa rinobatsira vana kuziva kuti vanokurumidza kufamba sei, iyo inofambisa kufamba nayo, uye kana vari kurega-kutarisa pavanotamba, kushamwaridzana, kudzidza, kana kufamba nenzira yavo.
2. Kuwana Siria
Iyi nzira inogadzirisa pfungwa yedu yekuziva muviri. Mishonga nemakumbo edu ane zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa chero nguva iyo yakatambanudzwa kana yakamanikidzwa (funga nezvemuenzaniso wekurembera pabha kana kusvetuka pane trampoline). Kana yakambomiswa, idzi dzinotambira zvinotumira mameseji kuropi nezvekuti muviri wedu uri kufamba sei. Kuzvigadzirira kunotibvumira kuziva kuti nhengo dzomuviri wedu dzipi kune humwe humwe (naizvozvo hatifaniri kugara tichitevera nemaziso edu) uye simba ratinoshandisa (saka tinokwanisa kuwirirana zvakakodzera nemamiriro edu ezvinhu). Kana tine zvishoma zvishoma, kufamba kwedu kwaizova "kunonoka, kugadzirisa, uye kusanganisira zvakaoma". Mukuwedzera pakubatsira kuti tifambe zvakanyatsoshanda, kuwedzera kwekuita kunogona kunzwa kunzwa kuvhara, kuronga, kana kugadzirisa. Kutaura zvakananga, iyo inofambisa nzira inobvumira vana kuita zvinhu zvakadai sokufamba, kumhanyira, kukwira, ruvara, kucheka, kunyora, kupfeka, uye kuisa zvimedu kunze kwekufungisisa pamusoro pokuti zvikamu zvemuviri wavo ndezvipi kana simba ravanoda kuti vashandise sei kuronga kuita basa iri riripo.
3. Tactile System
Iyi sangano inokonzera pfungwa yedu yekubata. Inowanikwa kuburikidza nemapatare mucheka yedu uye mukati memuromo wedu. Iko tactile system ndiyo inonyanya kuratidza maitiro uye ndiyo yekutanga maitiro ekudzidzira mu utero. Inotibatsira kuziva apo patakabata chimwe chinhu (tactile sensation) uye izvo zvatakabata (kusarura kusarura). Mukuwedzera kumanzwiro nekusarura, tactile system inotipawo ruzivo pamusoro pemusiyano uri pakati pe "touch touch" (sokunge apo katsi inofamba uye ichidya gumbo rako nemuswe wayo) uye "zvakanyanya kubata" (kufanana nekubatanidza zvakasimba kana kuisa muviri ). Chiedza chekubata (kusanganisira zvimwe zvigadzirwa) zvinogona kunzwa kusvinura kana kutyisa, asi kubata kwakadzika kunogona kunzwa kunonyaradza kana kuronga. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kune zvose zvinyorwa zvinowedzera kuganda uye mumuromo (zvakadai sekudya kudya kwemavara akasiyana). Kutaura zvakananga, tactile system inobvumira vana kuti vataure kana chikamu che pizza chakanyanya kupisa kana zvinonhuwira, zvinorega kusunungura meno kana vhudzi ravo, sarudza teddy bear kana bhandi ravanofunga kuti "rakanyanya kuderera", kana kuti kusvika mumvura yakadzika yesaga kuti vawane zvavanoda pasina kutarisa.
4. Visual System
Iyi nzira inokonzera pfungwa yedu yekuratidzwa, asi yakawanda kupfuura kungoona kukwanisa kuona zvakajeka! Unyanzvi hunotaridzika hunotibvumira kuti tione kufanana nekusiyana pakati pezvinhu, uye tisa pfungwa pane zvatinoda kuona nekuregeredza zvatisingaiti. Unyanzvi hwekuona motokari hunotibatsira kutora ruzivo rwekuona uye zvino tifambisa maoko edu nemuviri sezvinodiwa, zvichienderana nemashoko aya. Unyanzvi hwekuona uye hunyanzvi hwemotokari zvinowanzovimba nehutano hwakanaka hwemaziso (inozivikanwa seunyanzvi hwe oculomotor) kuitira kutarisa uye kuoneka pamwe chete nezvinoitika munzvimbo inoonekwa. Kutaura zvakananga, maziso anoona kubatsira vana kuwana zvidimbu zvinodiwa pakuzadza puzzles, kutonga kuti vari kure zvakadini kukanda bhora, kuwana shamwari pane imwe nzvimbo yekutamba yakabatikana, famba uchiri kuverenga kana kupedza pepa rekushanda, kopota kubva mubhodhi, uye nyora tsamba dzavo pamitsetse uye nehukuru hwakakodzera.
5. Nyaya yeMabhuku
Iyi nzira inokonzera manzwiro edu ekunzwa asi, zvakare, yakawanda kwazvo kupfuura kungokwanisa chete kunzwa! Nhungamiro yedu yekuongorora inoshanda nehuropi hwedu kutarisa kuti ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvinokosha uye izvo zvinogona "kutariswa". Vanofanirawo kukwanisa kushanda pamwe chete kuti vaone kuti inzwi riripi richibva uye izvo zvavanoreva kuti tinogona kuita maererano. Nhungamiro yedu yekuongorora inotitenderawo kuti tive nemanzwiro emashoko ekutaura mumamiriro edu ezvinhu. Kutaura zvakananga, chirongwa chekuongorora chinobatsira vana kuti vataure kana chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kuderera, kuziva mazwi akajairika, teerera uye nekunyatsonzwisisa mutauro wemudzidzisi kana kuti mubereki, inzwa kana motokari iri kuuya kwavari kune imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa motokari, uye inotarisa kupi Shamwari yavo iri kushevedza kubva panguva iri muimba yakazara.
6. The Olfactory System
Iyi ndiyo inokonzera manzwiro edu kunhuhwirira, uye inobatsirawo pfungwa yedu yekuravira. Kunhudza chinhu chakasiyana-siyana nokuti mharidzo yaro inonyatsogadziriswa kuburikidza nechikamu chehupi hwedu hunobatanidza nemanzwiro uye mafungiro epfungwa, anozivikanwa sechimbic system. Kunyanya kutaura, iyo inofadza inobatsira vana kuziva kana makiki anopiswa vasati vabuda mumoto, kana amai vavo vachiita kudya kwavanoda, kana mukaka wavo wasvava vasati vaswa, uye kana kana vasingadi kupfeka zvinodhaka kana kutora.
7. Gustatory System
Iyi nzira inokonzera pfungwa yedu yekuravira . Inokonzera kuona mhando dzakasiyana dzevhenekeri dzinopinda mumuromo uye nerurimi. Kunyanya kutaura, gustatory system inobatsira vana kudzidza kuda zvokudya, nekuchengetedza zvinhu kunze kwemuviri wavo zvinogona kuva zvinokuvadza. Zvichitaura, gustatory system inobatsira vana kuona uye kuziva zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana pavanenge vachida zvikuru mavhisi (makombikiti!) Uye zvishoma zviduku (marccoli) nezvokudya uye zvinonaka.
Kana uchinetseka pamusoro pehutano hwemwana wako, uye zvinoratidzika kunge zviri kukonzera kukwanisa kwake kubatanidzwa mune zvimwe zvinhu zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tapota taura nezvezvinetso izvi nechiremba wevana vako vokutanga kuti uone kana kutumirwa kweEpupational Therapy kuongorora yakakurudzirwa. Occupational Therapists inotaurira vana zvinetso zvekunzwa kuitira kuti vakwanise kuita zvizere mumabasa ose ezuva nezuva, kusanganisira kutamba, kudya, kurara, kupfeka, kugadzirisa, kuchengetedza utsanana, kushambidza, kudzidza, kushamwaridzana uye kupindira mumhuri uye munharaunda.
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Christie Kiley MA, OTR / L mutauriri wezvemishandiro, anonyanya kushanda nevana vane nyaya dzekubatanidza pamwe nekuremara kwekukura. Ane ruzivo rwakashanda mukupindira kwekutanga (kuberekwa kusvika ku3), kliniki-based, uye chikoro-based based settings.