Kubatanidzwa nekusimudzira basa idzva harisi duku feat. Mukutanga kwema1900, vatsigiri vehutano hwekushanda vakashandisa zvishandiso zvine simba zvakapiwa kwavari- kunyora nekunyora-kufambira mberi pfungwa yokuti kushandiswa kwemabasa muzvipatara kunogona kubatsira mukurapa.
Kupararira kwekushandiswa kwechirwere chekuita basa nhasi isungano yezvibereko zvebasa ravo.
Kutenda kwavo, kunyora kwavo kukuru, uye kuwanda kwezvinyorwa zvavo zvakakosha kuti vaongorore zvakare-zvose kuti vanzwisise mhedzisiro yegadziriro iyi, asiwo kufungisisa kuti nyaya dzemazuva ano muhutano hwehutano dzinofanirwa nekushingaira kwedu zvakakwana pakuita shanduko.
Zvikamu zve terminology uye manzwiro ikozvino zvakakodzera nguva (isina kukwana, akaremara, akaputsika). Ndapota uende navo mumamiriro ekutengesa nguva. Ndakatora ndima idzi dzinotevera kuti dzive nemafungiro avo pamutambo wemishonga.
Kubva mubhuku rekutanga kune kushandiswa kwebasa
Zvidzidzo muBasa Risina Kuvimbika; bhuku ravanesi nevashumiri rakanyorwa naSusan Tracy, mukoti uyo akadzidzisa kukosha kwebasa mukutarisirwa kuchipatara. Basa iri rekutanga rinorondedzera mabasa ekudzivirira uye rinopa murayiridzo wakazara kune vanamukoti.
Bhuku racho rinopedzisa nemashoko anotevera pamusoro pokuti nzira yakadzika yekushanda inogona kuchinja sei utano- kana yakashandiswa zvakanaka:
Goriati mukuru akaurayiwa nematombo mashanu akatsemuka kubva murukova, asi Dhavhidhi muduku aiziva kuti angaishandisa sei; Tinofanira kukanganiswa nekushungurudzika mukati mechirwere chedu-kugara kwake kunenge kusina nguva shoma yatakadzidza kuti tishandise sei mabwe edu.
I 9 Cardinal Principles of Occupational Therapy
1918, William Rush Dunton Jr., mumwe wevatangi vekutanga vehutano hwemabasa, akabudisa aya mapfumbamwe mumusangano wechipiri wegore weNational Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy.
1. Chero basa rinoitwa nemurwere rinofanira kunge rine chinangwa kurapwa.
2. Inofanira kunge inofadza.
3. Inofanira kuva nechinangwa chakanaka kunze kwekungoita kuti murwere afarire uye kufarira.
4. Inofanirwa, zvichida, inotungamirira pakuwedzera kwezivo kumurwere.
5. Basa rekunyorera rinofanirwa kuendeswa kune vamwe, seboka.
6. Murapa wekushanda anofanira kunyatsodzidza murwere mukuziva zvaanoda uye edza kusangana nevanhu vakawanda sezvinobvira kuburikidza nebasa.
7. Murapi anofanira kumisa murwere mubasa rake asati asvika pakaneta.
8. Kukurudzira kunofanira kupiwa zvechokwadi kana pachitaridzwa.
9. Basa rinosarudzwa pane kusava nehanya, kunyange kana kuguma kwechigadzirwa chemuviri wevarwere kune unhu husina kunaka kana kuti hazvina maturo.
Zvinangwa zveAmerica Occupational Therapy Association
Herbert Hall, kunyange zvazvo akanga asiri nheyo, ndiye aitsigira pakutanga basa idzva. Heino chirevo kubva munyaya yehurukuro yakanyora muna 1922 pamusoro pezvinangwa zveAmerica Occupational Therapy Association:
Kushamwaridzana iyi inobatanidzwa, inobatanidza muviri nemapurisa ane ruzivo rwakakura, uye makomiti anoshingaira anokurudzira tsvakurudzo, kuunganidza deta nekurumbidza mitemo. Zvinoratidzika kuti zvinonzwisisika kutaura kuti pano iyi basa rekukosha kwenyika, kuburitswa kwevanhu kushanda zvakanyanya panyaya dzehukuru hwemagariro evanhu nehupfumi. Kukurudzirwa, kunyange kuiswa mumhizha hakugoni kudzorera varume nevakadzi vasina kudzidza kuburikidza nekunyatsocherechedza pamubhedha kudzidzisa nzira yekushandisa miviri yavo yakaremara. Kushamwaridzana kuri kubatsira chaizvo avo vasina rubatsiro kuzvibatsira ivo pachavo.
Mutsara kuChikoro Chinoputika cheEpupational Therapists
Imwe nheyo yehutano hwemabasa, Thomas Bessell Kidner, akapa zano iri kune kirasi yevashandi vekuchikoro vakapedza kudzidza muna 1929:
Mune sarudzo yako yakasarudzwa, chikamu chebasa rakanakisisa revanhu-kutarisirwa uye kuponeswa kwevanhu vasina simba uye vanotambura-iwe ungaona pakuwedzera kukosha kwezvinhu zvemweya izvo zviri kuumba hupenyu, asi izvo zvatinoshevedza nevakawanda zvakajairika mazita. Mutsa, vanhu, hutano, kukudzwa, kutenda kwakanaka-kupa izvi mumamiriro ose ezvinhu kungave kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kudarika chero kukundwa, kunyange rufu pacharo.
The Guaranteed and Creed for Occupational Therapists
Iyi chibvumirano chakaendeswa neBoston School of Occupational Therapists uye yakagamuchirwa neAmerican Occupational Therapy Association muna 1926:
Ruremekedzo uye nemwoyo wose ndinovimbisa mabasa angu emoyo wose mukubatsira avo vari kutarisira kwangu.
Kuti izvi zviitike kuti basa rangu kune vanorwara rinogona kubudirira, ini ndichaedza kuziva ruzivo, unyanzvi, uye kunzwisisa mune kusunungurwa kwemabasa angu pane chero chinzvimbo chandingawana.
Ndinotaura pachena kuti ndichabata uye ndichachengeta chero zvandinogona kudzidza pamusoro pehupenyu hwevanorwara.
Ndinobvuma chiremera chekurapa kwezvirwere uye kuchengetedzwa kwakachengeteka kwehutano hwevanhu, umo pasina chiito chinonyangadza kana chinonyangadza.
Ndichafamba-kutendeka kutendeka uye kuteerera kune avo vari pasi pekutungamirirwa kwandinofanira kushanda, uye ndinokumbira kutsungirira, unyoro uye simba mubasa dzvene kuputsa pfungwa nemitumbi.
References
Hall, H. J (1922). Editorial-American Occupational Therapy Association. Archives of Occupational Therapy, 1, 163-165.
Kidner, TB (1929a). Kutaura kune vapedza kudzidza. Occupational Therapy uye Kuvandudza, 8, 379-385