Kubvira pakupikisana kwepakutanga kusvika kumiganhu ikozvino muSayenzi
Masero emasero masero mashoma anokwanisa kukura kuva asina imwe chete asi akawanda akasiyana siyana eesero. Izvo zvakasiyana nedzimwe sero kwezvikonzero zvitatu zvakananga:
- Havana unspecialized, zvinoreva kuti havana basa rakananga mumuviri.
- Vane simba rekuva masero anozivikanwa akadai masero europi, masero masero, uye masero eropa.
- Vanogona kugovana nekuvandudza nguva dzose kwenguva refu.
Parizvino, masero emadzipa eropa ndiyo chete inowanzoshandiswa kurapwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu eukemia kana lymphoma , rudzi urwu rwesero rinoshandiswa mune imwe nzira yatinowanzoreva sefupa rekupisa marora. Nokuda kweizvi, vanhu vakuru chete ndivo vanoshandiswa masero anoshandiswa.
Kana zvasvika pakutsvaga masero ekutsvaga , masero anogona kuuya kubva kune nhamba ipi zvayo yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira vakuru vakuru , embryos, kana masero evanhu akashandurwa.
Masero eStemeni muT Bone Marrow Kupinda
Masero epafupa anobudisa masero ako ese ane utano, kusanganisira masero matsvuku eropa, masero eropa, uye maplatelets. Hematopoietic stem masero ndeaya anowanikwa mumusepa wemasora anoshanda se "mubereki" wezvinhu izvi zvose zvakasiyana nemasero.
Hematopoietic stem masero anotumirwa kuva munhu ane kenza kuti abatsire kuzadza marora emapfupa. Nzira yacho inowanzoshandiswa apo high dose chemotherapy inobudirira inoparadza masero epo aripo mumunhu wemafuta.
Kugadzirisa izvi, zvakapa masero ekudzivirira akajowa mumhino uye pakupedzisira agaramo mumapfupa eropa apo vanotanga kubudisa masero matsva, matsva eropa.
Peripheral Blood Stem Transplants
Makore apfuura, iyo chete inokonzerwa nehematopoietic stem masero ndiyo iyo yakatorwa kubva mumasora. Yakanga ichangobva kuwanikwa kuti mazhinji emasero aya aitenderera pachena muropa.
Nokufamba kwenguva, masayendisiti akadzidza kuunganidza masero aya kuti asafambisa ropa uye kuti avashandure zvakananga kuva mupi.
Iko rudzi rwekutsva- inozivikanwa seperiipheral blood stem cell transplant, kana PBSCT - yakave yakanyanya kuitika, kunyange zvazvo nzira dzose dzichiri kushandiswa. PBSCT inonyanya kusvibiswa uye haifaniri kubviswa kwemarro kubva muchiuno chechifu.
Somatic Stem Cells
Masero evanhu vakuru, anonzi somatic stem masero, anobva kune munhu anopa mupiro. Hematopoietic stem masero ndiyo muenzaniso wakazivikanwa zvikuru. Masayendisiti akawana somatic stem masero mune mamwe masukisi kupfuura aimbofungidzirwa, kusanganisira uropi, masaga, maronda, meno, mwoyo, gutenda, chiropa, maawa masikati, uye testis.
Embryonic Stem Cells
Embryonic stem cells inokakavadzana sezvo yakabva mumamota evanhu ayo akaparara kana kukohwa nesayenzi. Embryonic stem cells yakatanga kukura mu laboratori muna 1998 nekuda kwekubereka. Nhasi, inoshandiswa kunyanya kutsvakurudza kune kurapwa kana kurapwa kwekenza, upofu, vana vechirwere cheshuga, Parkinson, kukuvara kwemutsipa wemutsipa, uye zvinokonzera maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri.
Embryonic stem masero ipuroripotent, zvinoreva kuti vanokwanisa kukura kuva mhando mitatu yemagiramu ejeri mashizha anoumba muviri wemunhu (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm).
Mune mamwe mazwi, vanogona kukura mune imwe neimwe yepamusoro ma200 cell types kana zvataurwa kuti zviite saizvozvo.
Inobatsira Pluripotent Stem Cells
Inokonzerwa nepripotpotent stem cells, kana iPSCs, inonzi somatic stem masero ayo akave akashandurwa zvakanyanya kuti ave akafanana nemamiti emashizha emasero. iPSCs inowanzotanga seganda kana masero eropa izvo zvino zvinowanikwa maitiro ehutano.
iPSCs yakatanga kusimbiswa muna 2006 uye inopa humwe hukuru hukuru pane somatic uye embryonic stem cells: dzinogona kuitwa nenzira yehutano-yakafanana. Izvi zvinorevei kuti labori inogona kugadzirisa-inoita pluripotent stem cell line zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kumunhu pachake masero kana maviri.
> Sources:
> Simara, P .; Motl, J .; uye Kaufman, D. "Pluripotent Stem Cells uye Gene Therapy." Shandura Res. 2013; 161 (4): 284-292.
> Al-Shamekh, S. naGoldberg, J. "Kugadziridza Kwekugadzirisa Kwekupedzisira neIndaneti Yakakosha Pluripotent Stem Cells." Shandura Res. 2014; 163 (4): 377-386.
> Finkbeiner, S. naSpence, J. "Basa Rokugadzirisa: Kubudisa Maviri Emucheto kubva kuHuviri Pluripotent Stem Cells." Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2013; 58 (5): 1176-1184.