Astrocytes uye Microglial Maselo Evhara Kure Neuron Connections
Kutsvakurudza kunoenderera mberi kusunungura zvimwe zvezvishamiso zvehope. Kunzwisiswa kwekliniki kunogona kuitika makumi emakore-kana kunyange mazana emakore-sayenzi isingagoni kutsanangura iyo phenomena. Semuenzaniso, tinoziva kuti kushaya kwekurara kune mhinduro dzisina kunaka pamabasa europi nemuviri . Kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi kunotibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani.
Chimwe chidzidzo chinoratidza kuti kurasikirwa kurara kunogona kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemasero ari mukati meuropi, kusanganisira astrocytes uye masero e microglial, anotsvaira uye anobvisa kubatana pakati peeurons.
Ongorora svesa mushure mekuwanikwa uku, zvinorevei kuurwere hwevanhu, uye chii chingaitwa kuchengetedza basa hweuropi nekuita kuti zororo rakakwana.
Zvinokonzerwa Nehope Yokurara
Kubvira pakupera kwema1800, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kusara kwekurara kunogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwechimiro. Kutsvakurudza muimbwa kwakaratidza kuti kusagadzikana kwekurara kwekurara kwakaunza rufu mune imwe nyaya yemazuva. Kunyange zvazvo mugumisiro wakanga wakajeka, nzira yacho yakanga isiri.
Mumakumi emakore apfuura, munda wekutsvakurudza kwehope wakabhururuka, asi kune dzakawanda zvakavanzika zvinosara kugadziriswa. Zvinoratidzirwa kuti zvidzidzo zvitsva zvinoparadzanisa kweanenge vhiki nevhiki. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa mapepa aya muchirevo chezvesayenzi mabhuku. Izvi zvingasava nyore nguva dzose, kunyanya apo mutauro unoshandiswa unoratidzika nguva dzisingakanganisiki. Tora nguva kuti uongorore zvimwe zvekutsvaga kutsvaga uye funga kuti zvinorevei zvingawanikwa.
Kudzidza Kurasikirwa Kwehope muMice Brains
Ngationgororei chidzidzo pamusoro pebasa rokurasikirwa nekurara uye zvinokonzerwa nemasero mukati mehupenzi hweveveve. Maitiro uye mafungiro ehupenzi haabatanisi zvakakwana nevanhu, asi zvakanakira sekutsvakurudza nyaya zviri pachena. Kufambira mberi pakutsvakurudza kwezvokurapa kunowanzovimba neiyo mhando mienzaniso.
Mune pepa iri mu Journal of Neuroscience rakanzi "Kurasikirwa Kwekurara Kunokurudzira Astrocytic Phagocytosis uye Microglial Activation mu Mouse Cerebral Cortex," Michele Bellisi nevamwe vanoshanda navo vanokurukurirana kuchinja kunowanikwa mukati meuropi muzvinhu zviviri zvakashata uye zvisingaperi zvekurara kwekurara. Ava vanotsvakurudza vave vachiongorora masero eropi uye kuti kurara kunobata sei basa ravo kwemakore.
Kune mazwi mashomanana anokosha anongonzwisiswa kuti anokoshesa zvaakawana. Uropi hune masero anokosha anoverengeka. Neurons ndiwo mafambisi makuru, kushanda kuburikidza ne electrochemical connections munzira dzakawanda. Kunewo boka rekutsigira masero mukati memuropi anonzi glial cells. Izvi zvinosanganisira astrocytes, masero akaita nyeredzi anovhara mamwe masero uye anogadzira membrane uye anotorawo basa mumetabolism. Microglia inobatsirawo masero uye inoshanda semagadzirirwe masero. Izvo zvipfekotes (chaizvoizvo, "idya masero") anochenesa madota mukati meuropi. Kushanda kwemasero aya mukati meuropi kunogona kukonzera kupisa.
Vatsvakurudzi vakambodzidza kuti kune mamwe majini (anonzi Mertk uye Gasid yayo yegand6 ) mukati me astrocytes inoshandiswa mushure mekurara kwekurara. Apo kumuka kunowedzera, masero aya anoita seanoita basa repapgocytic.
Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kusara kwekurara kunotungamirira pakuputika mukati memuviri, asi kwakanga kusingazivikanwi kana kuchinja uku kuchiitikawo mukati meuropi.
Bhuku rekutsvakurudza reBellisi rakarongedza zvinokonzerwa nekurara kwehope pamakonzo emashonga kuburikidza nekushandisa michina ye electron microscope uye sampuli dzemuviri dzakatorwa kubva kumapapiro ekamberi. Vakatarisa kune dzimwe nhamba dzinoti: kuve nokudzikama, shure kwemaawa masere kusvika masere ekurara, kubatwa zvakanyanya kwekurara, uye kusingaperi (mazuva anenge mashanu) ekurambidzwa kwehope. Vatsvakurudzi vakayera mavhesi mukati memasasa-mapoka pakati peeurons-uye nharaunda dziri pedyo dzinotangira kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzakapoteredza astrocytes.
Nzira dzeBongo Dzinochinja Sei Nehope Kurasikirwa?
Izvo zvakawanikwa kuti astrocytes yakawedzera phagocytosis mukati mavo maviri akaoma uye asingagumi kurasikirwa nehope. Aya masero akadya zvikamu zvemasikirati makuru, kunyanya pamusana we presynaptic wekubatana. Kuwedzera kwekutaura kweMERTK uye metabolism ye lipids (inonzi peroxidation) yakatsigira basa iri. Izvi zvinorevei kuhutano hwehuropi?
Iyo phagocytosis ye-astrocytes muhope yokurara inogona kureva kuti maitiro europi anopindura sei kuwedzerwa kwechibvumirano che synaptic chinosanganiswa nekumuka kwenguva refu. Yeuka kuti kurasikirwa kwekurara hakusi kungosara kwekurara; ndiko kuchengetedza kwekumuka. Iyi ndiyo nzira inoda simba, uye iyo inobvisa zvinodhaka. Iyo astrocytes inofanira kusimbisa zvipembenene zvakasakara zvemashizha anoshandiswa zvikuru.
Kurasikirwa kwekurara kwenguva refu mumakonzo kwakaguma nekugadzirisa maitiro. Aya masero ainyanya kushevedzwa kushanda ku phagocytize zvikamu zve synapse, sevashandi vanochengetedza vakadanwa kuti vachenese guru guru. Kunyange zvazvo kwakanga kusina zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekuputika mukati memvura inokonzera mvura yakakomberedza uropi, kuvapo kwemasero aya muhutano hwemagetsi ari pamusoro. Zvinokwanisika kuti chimwe chinhu chinonyadzisa kuuropi chinogona kutungamirira kune kuwedzererwa, kusateerera kwemasero aya, zvingangobatsira pakukonzera uropi. Somugumisiro, kurasikirwa kusingaperi kwekurara kunogona kukonzera huropi kuzvinetso zvekusingaperi.
Zvinokonzerwa Nekurara Kwehope Kwekugara Kwenguva Yehutano
Zvichida zvakanyanya pamusoro pokuti izvo vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti kungova maawa mashomanana ekudzikama kwehope kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwebasa pakati pemasero e astrocyte. Apo kubatwa kwehope kwakapeteredzwa, basa racho rakawedzera uye mamwe masero e microglial akashandiswa zvakare. Aya mabasa ekuchengetedza imba anogona kubatsira kutsigira zvakasimba ma-synapse mukati meuropi.
Zvinosuruvarisa, kusagadzikana kwekusara kwehope kunogona kunge kwakafanana nedzimwe dambudziko, uye kubva muuropi inogadziriswa kukuvadza uye kupera, zvichida kunyange kutungamirira kune zvinyorwa zvakadai sedhementia.
Nzira Yokudzivisa Nayo Migumisiro Yokurara Kwokurara
Icho chiri pamusoro pekufungidzira kuti kurara kwekurara kungave kuchikonzera kukuvara kusingaperi kweuropi yako. Chii chingaitwa?
Kuti urege kudzivisa migumisiro yekurara kwekurara, iva nechokwadi chokuti uri kusangana nehope dzako dzinoda . Paavhareji, munhu mukuru anoda maawa manomwe kusvika mapfumbamwe ekurara kuitira kuti anzwe akazorora. Vanhu vakuru vakwegura vangada kubatwa zvishomanana. Kana iwe ukarara zvakakurumidza, shandisa nguva shomanana yakamuka usiku, uye uchinzwa wakarara panguva yemasikati (kunyanya nemaps), ungasave uri kuwana hope yakakwana.
Kunze kwehuwandu, iva nechokwadi chokuti uri kuwana hutano hwakanaka hwehutano. Kurara kunofanirwa kuve kwakadzoka. Kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvekushaiwa kwehope, kufanana nekurara kwepabonde kana kusuruvara , kuwana rubatsiro rwaunoda kuti ugadzirise mamiriro aya. Usavimba nehope mapiritsi asingapfuuri kwemavhiki mashomanana sezvo izvi zvisati zvichitsiva kurara kwakakwana.
Nokuvandudza kurara kwako, izvi zvichabatsira kuve nechokwadi chokuti iwe unowana zvigaro zvezororo rakanaka usiku kunze kwekuda kushungurudzika pamusoro pemigumisiro yenguva refu yekushaya kukwana kwakakwana.
Shoko Rinobva
Tsvakurudzo yezvesayenzi inotsigira kunzwisisa kwedu kwokuti muviri unoshanda sei, asi hazvina kukwana. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti zvitsva zvinogona kupesana neruzivo rwepakutanga, uye zvidzidzo zvitsva zvinogona kukanda nyaya mundima itsva.
Sayenzi ihurukuro, kuenderera mberi nekutsvaka chokwadi. Kana chidzidzo ichi chikukurudzira kuti uwedzere kurara kwako, zvinokosha kune utano hwako, asi hazvifaniri kukonzera kushushikana zvisina kukodzera pamusoro pokurasikirwa kwekurara kwakaitika kare. Ngarava yacho yakafamba nechikepe. Tarisa pane zvaunogona kuita nhasi uye kuti ubatsire hupenyu hwako hurefu huri mberi.
> Sources:
> Bellisi M, et al . "Kurasikirwa Kurara Kunokurudzira Astrocytic Phagocytosis uye Microglial Kuita Mouse Cerebral Cortex." Journal of Neuroscience . 24 May 2017; 37 (21): 5263-5273.
> Bentivoglio M naGrassi-Zucconi G. "Kupayona kwekuongorora kwekutsvaga kurara." Kurara . 1997 Jul; 20 (7): 570-6.
> Fix, JD. Yakakwirira-Ipai Neuroanatomy . 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, 2000, mapeji 30-32.
> Purves D, et al . Neuroscience . 3rd edition. Sunderland, Misa .: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2004, peji 8-9.