Zivo isimba asi zvisarudzo hazvisi nyore
Jennifer Davis aiva nemakore 19 apo amai vake, makumi mana nemakumi mashanu, vakaonekwa kuti vane kenza yemazamu. Nenzira, yakanga isingashamisi. Chirwere chepabonde chichitaura kuti amai vake mbuya vane makore makumi maviri nemana. Uye mbuya vake vakaberekerwa nekenza yevavhisi pa 69.
Zvadaro, sezvo amai vake vakavhiyiwa uye vakatanga chemotherapy, Davis akawana bundu riri pachipfuva chake . Kunyangwe zvaive zvisina kunaka, iye akatya.
"Ndakanga ndangobva kuona amai vangu vachifamba chemo uye ndakashamisika kuti ndaive ani," anoyeuka kudaro Davis, wokuWashington, DC.
Kuongorora mazita eGenetic kwakatsigira Davis akanga atora nhaka yechinja mutation iyo inowedzera dambudziko rake rekudzivirira kenza yemukaka kana yeavari. Pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri, anoshingaira pakuongorora uye mararamiro ane hutano, uye ari kufunga zvakanyanya pakupedzisira achibvisa mazamu ake nemavhizha sechiitiko chinoshamisa, asi chinoshanda.
Nemhaka yokuti kuongorora mazita ezvemajini achiri kusviba, vatsvakurudzi havazive kuti vangani vanhu vane humwe hutachiona hwekuchinja hunobatanidza nekenza yemazamu. Asi, vanofungidzira kuti kusvika ku30 kubva muzana yevakadzi veAmerica vane nhengo yemhuri inoshamwaridzana iyo yakarapwa nekenza yemvere.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange vasikana vechidiki vane nhoroondo yemhuri inozivikanwa yechirwere vanogona kutanga kutora matanho ekudzivirira hutano hwavo pachavo. Zvisinei, izvi zvinopawo zvisarudzo zvakaoma, kusanganisira kuti inobata chirwere cheprophylactic kana kutora mishonga inoderedza ngozi yekenza yemazamu asi inowanzova nemigumisiro.
1st Degree, 2nd Degree & 3 Degree Relatives
Mutevedzeri weAmerica mukadzi ane mukana we12 muzana wekudzidzira kenza yebonde muupenyu hwake hwose. Iyi nhamba inogona kudarika kaviri kune mukadzi ane nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yebonde.
Maererano neU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vakadzi vane "yekutanga-degree" hama-kana amai kana hanzvadzi-avo vaiva nekenza yemazamu vane inenge 30 mukana wekuwedzera chirwere chacho, zvakare.
Kana iyo iyo yekutanga-degree yechirwere ichionekwa kuti ine kenza yemazamu maviri (kenza yemazamu mumapfupa ose), ngozi inopinda kusvika 36 muzana.
Pakati pevaya vane "yechipiri-degree" hama-mbuya, amai vake, kana mukomana-ngozi yeupenyu inenge 22 muzana. Kune avo vane "chechitatu-degree" relative-cousin, sekurukurukuru, kana mbuya-vanini-vaiva nekenza yemazamu, ngozi ndeye 16 muzana.
Asi, nhoroondo yemhuri haisi kuvimbisa kenza yepamu kuongorora. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti zvikamu zvishanu chete kubva kuzana kubva muzana zvekenza yepabonde ndezvizvarwa. Mukuwedzera, kuchinja kwemajini kunobatanidza nehuwandu hwehutachiwana hwekamu nehutachiona hunenge husingawanzwisisike muhuwandu hwevanhu.
Aya ndiwo maitiro ekuchinja-chinja akanyorwa BRCA1 uye BRCA2 nevatsvakurudzi. BRCA inomirira kenza yemazamu uye nhamba dzinoratidza kurongeka kwevanotsvakurudza vakawana kuchinja kwezvinhu.
Kunyange zvazvo kunyanya kuwanda kwekuchinja kwezvinhu kusingazivikanwi, imwe ongororo yakawana kuti mukati meboka revakadzi vanenge 2 300, vane makore makumi matatu kusvika makumi matatu, makumi maviri nezviviri zvevakadzi vachena, 1.4 muzana yevakadzikadzi vemavara, uye 10,2 muzana yevakadzi vechiJudha vane BRCA1 mutations. Chidzidzo chacho chakawanawo kuti 2.6 muzana yevakadzikadzi vemavara, 2.1 muzana yevakadzi vachena, uye 1.1 muzana yevakadzi vechiJudha vaine BRCA2 kuchinja.
Genetic Testing
Vanachiremba vazhinji zvino vanopa mazano kuvadzimai vane nhoroondo yemhuri yekamuti kana yeavarian kenza yekutsvaga maitiro ekuongorora. Ichi chisarudzo chaunokwanisa kuita chinogona kuunza chikamu chayo chemanzwiro pamwe chete nemashoko anobatsira.
Maererano nekuongorora kweCanada kwevanhu 39 vakaidza maitiro akanaka ekuchinja kwemajini, vazhinji vakaona zvigumisiro sechibvumira. Vatori vechikamu vakati kuedza kwakavabvumira kuti vatore nzira yakanyatsoshanda yekuchengetedza hutano hwavo.
Asi, vashomanana vakaratidza manzwiro ekusava netariro nekusava nechokwadi. Vanhu ava vakati vainzwa "havana kurwara kana kunyatsonaka."
Mukuwedzera, apo hutano hwehutano nekusarura kwaimbova nehanya, Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act ya 2007-2008 zvino inoita kuti nyika yose idzivirire
Pakutanga Kuongorora
Kune vakadzi vakawanda vasati vava nemakore makumi matatu, kuongorora kenza yepabonde hakusi chikamu cheitiro yavo yegore yehutano. Asi, kune vakadzi vane nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yemazamu, nyanzvi dzinoti kuongorora kunofanira kutanga kana ava nemakore 25.
ChiSpanish Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center inorumbidza kuti vakadzi vane chiremba chekutanga-chechi vane chirwere chepachifu vanofanira kutanga pamammograms gore negore kubva pamakore gumi apfuura apo apo mutevedzeri wemhuri wechidiki akawanikwa.
Somuenzaniso, kana amai vakaonekwa kuti vari nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri, mwanasikana wavo anofanira kutanga kutora mammography kuve nemakore makumi maviri nemasere. Kune vakadzi vari muzvikamu izvi zvinokonzera ngozi, nyanzvi dzinokurudzirawo chirongwa chechirwere chechirwere chinowanika kaviri gore negore uye pamwedzi, uye kuzviongorora kutanga pazera remakore makumi maviri.
Pane imwe nharo pamusoro pebasa reMMIsI rinofanira kutamba mukuongorora kenza yebonde. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuongorora kweMRI kunoshanda kune dzimwe nzira dzekuongorora. Vanachiremba paSloan Kettering vanokurudzira kuti vakadzi vane nhoroondo yemhuri vane zvose MRI uye mammogram gore negore. Zvisinei, hapana tsvakurudzo dzakabatana neMRI screening nekuderera kwekufa kwekenza yemazamu.
Kudzivirira
Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kusvuta uye kudya kwemafuta kunowedzera zvakanyanya kune njodzi yekenza. Saka, mararamiro ane hutano anonyanya kukosha kune mumwe munhu ane mhuri yehutano hwechirwere.
Chemoprevention chimwe chiito chekuita. Mimwe yemishonga imwechete yakatemerwa kuti kudzivirira kudzoka kunopiwawo vakadzi vachitarisira kubvisa kenza yemvere, asi kune avo vanopfuura makore makumi matatu.
Iyi mishonga inovhara basa revakadzikadzi hormone estrogen, vanotendwa kukurudzira mamwe marudzi ekenza. Asi izvi zvinoreva kuti vanogonawo kukanganisa kubereka , saka havatenderwi kushandiswa nevakadzi vaduku vezera rekubereka.
Kune vakadzi vanopfuura 35, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza madhiragi aya- Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) uye Evista (Raloxifene) -anokwanisa kuderedza ngozi yekenza yevasasa inoputika nepamusoro pe50 muzana. Uye, vanogona kuderedza dambudziko rekenza yebonde isina kubvisa ne30 muzana. Zvisinei, havasi kunze kwemigumisiro-zvimwe zvingafananidzira zviratidzo zvekuenda kumwedzi, kusanganisira kuwedzera kuwanda, kupisa kunopisa, uye kuomeswa kwemadzimai.
Nzira yakanyanyisa, asi inobatsira yekudzivirira ndeyokubviswa kwemaviri kana maviri mazamu musati musha unobuda. Vatsvakurudzi vanofungidzira kuti kuvhiyiwa kunoderedza ngozi yekenza yemazamu ne 90 muzana. Kubvisa mazai mairi ndeimwe kuvhiya kunobudirira, asi imwe yakazara nemanzwiro, kunyanya kuvasikana vaduku avo zuva rimwe vanotarisira kuva nevana.
Shoko Rinobva
Davis, uyo akaedza kuva nechirongwa chekuchinja mutauro weBrCA1, akarayirwa neruzivo rwemajini kuti ave nevana vake vaduku, saka ivai nemazamu ake, mazai ake, uye chibereko-vasati vasvika 35. Kunyange pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri, anonetseka nezvekukwanisa kuzadzisa icho chinangwa. Asi iye achiri kutenda kuti kuvhiyiwa kuchaita kuti awane pfungwa yekuzorodzwa. Saka, tora nguva yekufungisisa sarudzo imwe neimwe nekutsvaga mazano kune chiremba anovimba kana mazita ekugadzirisa maitiro mukutora maitiro.
Sources:
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"Mazano Ekuongorora Kurapa Kwepabonde." Mashoko eCcercer . 21 Apr. 2006. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
d'Agincourt-Canning, L. "Chipo kana Joko? Madzimai evanhu uye Mhinduro dzeGenetic Risk Information kubva kuBrCA1 uye BRCA2 Kuedzwa." Clinical Genetics 70, 6 Dec. 2006. 462-472. 17 Kubvumbi 2008.
Hereditary Breast Cancer uye BRCA Genesesi, April 6, 2015. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control.
Dheone, KE, JR Daling, DR Doody, L. Hsu, L. Bernstein, RJ Coates, PA Marchbanks, MS Simon, JA McDonald, SA Norman, BL Strom, RT Burkman, G. Ursin, D. Deapen, LK Weiss, S. Folger, JJ Madeoy, DM Friedrichsen, NM Suter, MC Humphrey, R. Spirtas uye EA Ostrander EA. "Kuwanda uye Kufanotarisa kweBrCA1 uye BRCA2 Kuchinja-chinja muChidzidzo cheVanhu-Based Based Breast Cancer muGreen uye Black American Women Ages Makore 35 kusvika ku64." Cancer Kutsvakurudza 66, 1615. Chivabvu 2006. 8297-82308. 17 Kubvumbi 2008.
"Kudzivirira Mastectomy: Mibvunzo neMhinduro." National Cancer Institute Fact Sheets . 26 July 2006. National Cancer Institute. 17 Kubvumbi 2008.