Nyumoniya inokanganisa mamiriyoni evanhu gore negore. Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vanhu vanopfuura 400 000 vanoda kuongororwa uye kurapwa mune dhipatimendi rekukurumidza uye vanhu vanopfuura 50 000 vanofa nehosha. Asi zvinetso zvinogona kudziviswa! Kuwana iwe une pneumonia ndiyo danho rokutanga, saka unodzidza kuti chii chinonzi pneumonia iwe- bhakitiriya , utachiona , kana fungal -inokosha pakurapa kwakakodzera.
Kuongorora Kwepanyama
Fivhiri, kukohwa, uye kupfupika kwemhepo zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvekuti iwe une pneumonia. Chiremba wako anotanga kuongorora nekuongorora zviratidzo zvako zvinokosha.
Iye achazoyera kutonhora kwako, kuwedzerwa kweropa, kutengesa kwemwoyo, uye kuputika kwepamusoro, uyewo uchaongorora nzvimbo yako yeokisijeni uchishandisa kupisa oximetry . Izvi zvinoitwa nekuisa chiduku chiduku pamunwe wako kuti uenzanise huwandu hwe okisijeni muropa rako. Kuderera kwekisijeni kunotaura uye zvinogona kureva kuti unoda kuiswa mumhepo.
Uchishandisa stethoscope, chiremba achateerera mapapu ako. Vari kutarisa kuti vanzwe mhere-mhere kana kuchema . Kupera kwemazwi mune imwe nzvimbo kunogona kureva kuti pneumonia yakaumbwa imomo. Kubata pamusana wako pamusoro penharaunda iyo kunogona kubatsira kuziva kana pane kuunganidzirwa kwemagetsi kana kusunganidzwa. Usashamiswa kana iwe ukakumbirwa kuti utaure tsamba "E" nenzwi guru. Kana iwe uine fluid mumapapu ako, zvinonzwika se "A" paunoteerera kuburikidza ne stethoscope.
Labs uye Miedzo
Kunyange zvazvo kuongorora kwemuviri kunogona kusimudzira kusava nechokwadi nokuda kwepineumonia, kuongororwa kunogona kusimbiswa uchishandisa miedzo yakasiyana-siyana. Chiremba wako anogona kana asingashandisi miedzo inotevera. Ziva kuti yakawanda iri nyore uye yakananga pane yako-ropa risina kutora kana sero rinounganidza, rinokurumidza uye risina kurwadziwa.
Complete Blood Count
Ropa rakazara nhamba muedzo wakajeka uye usina kutengesa. Ropa rega rega ndiro rimwe ropa rinotaridzika. Kana ikakwiridzirwa, utachiona kana kuputika kuripo. Hazvirevi zvakananga kuti iwe uzive kana iwe une pneumonia.
Procalcitonin
Procalcitonin inopedzisira ya calcitonin, puroteni inosunungurwa nemasero mukutarisa chepfu. Inoyera kubudikidza neropa rekuongorora. Zvinofadza kuti mazinga anowedzera mukupindura kwehutachiona hwehutachiona asi anowedzera muhutachiona. Migumisiro kazhinji inowanikwa mukati maawa mana ekutapukirwa kwebhakitiriya uye peak mukati maawa 12 kusvika 48. Kunyange zvazvo isina kukubvumira kuziva kuti mabhakitiriya aripo, zvinoratidza kuti kurapwa kwemishonga inogona kudiwa.
Culture Sputum uye Gram Stain
Nzira yegoridhe yekuongororwa kutapukirwa kwebhakitiriya ndiyo tsika. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuunganidza sutu yakanaka yeputum zvinogona kuva zvakaoma, kunyanya kana mumwe munhu ane kuora kwekuoma. Inowanzova yakasvibiswa nemaabhakitiriya anowanzogara mumugwagwa wekupema.
Muenzaniso unofanirwa kuunganidzwa musati mava kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Iwe uchabvunzwa kuti ufukidze imwe sputum, neine saliva shoma sezvinobvira. Kana iwe uine dambudziko kuita zvakadaro, chiremba angashandisa chigadziro chine chiedza uye duku kamera yakaiswa pasi pako.
Iye achakubatsira kuzvidzora iwe nemishonga munguva yekuita, uye pane zvishoma zvinokonzera kunze kwekugona kuora kwehuro.
Kana imwe nguva yaunganidzwa, tsvina yeGram inoshandiswa kune chikamu chemuenzaniso uye ichiongororwa pasi microscope. Muenzaniso wakanaka wepukamu ucharatidza masero machena eropa asi mashoma epithelial cells. Mabhakitiriya achaonekwa ari mutsvuku kana violet uye, zvichienderana nechitarisiko chavo, anogona kuenzaniswa seimwe remapoka maviri emabhakitiriya. Kunyoresa hutachiona kunoita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Kuti uwane kuti mabhakitiriya chaiwo ari kukonzera chirwere chako, muenzaniso wako uchakwirirwa muPetri ndiro.
Kana kamwe bhakitiriya kana fungidzi ikura, inoshandiswa kurwisana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuti uone kuti zvipi zvirwere zvichange zvichinyanya kubudirira.
Dambudziko nderokuti zvinogona kutora mazuva kuti awane tsanangudzo yemagumisiro. Uyewo, mamwe mabhakitiriya akaita se S. pneumoniae akaoma kukura uye tsika inogona kupa mhedzisiro isina kunaka. Nemhaka yematambudziko ekuwana samu yakanaka, iyi miedzo inowanzoshandiswa kune vanhu vari muchipatara pane avo vanogara munharaunda.
Urine Antigen Tests
Bhakteria pneumonia inokonzerwa neS S. pneumoniae uye Legionella marudzi ane kukwirira kwakawanda kwezvinetso. Antigens kubva kune mabhakitiriya akaderedzwa mumuguta. Mushonga wakajeka wemuyo unowanikwa kutarisa ma antigen.
Zvigumisiro zvinowanika nokukurumidza uye zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti dzakarurama kupfuura Gram stain kana tsika. Rimwe ruzivo rwemuedzo nderokuti kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya hakuzogadziri mhinduro.
Dambudziko nderokuti urine antigen yeruzhinji haisi yakarurama kudarika mumatambudziko akakura emupneumonia. Izvo chete zvinongororwa kune serotype imwe yeLegionella kunyange kune marudzi akawanda. Uyewo, kusiyana nematsika, hapana nzira yekushandisa mitsara yacho kuti aone kuti ma antibiotic angave akakwanisa kurapwa sei.
Serology
Mamwe mabhakitiriya akaoma kukura mumutsika uye hauna urinini antigen test inowanikwa yekuongorora. Chlamydia , Mycoplasma , uye mamwe mabhuku eLegionella mabhakitiriya atypical anowira munharaunda iyi.
Iko kune serologic ropa kuongororwa kunogona kukwanisa kuziva nguva uye kana wakatapukirwa. Serology inogadzirisa zvirwere zvinopesana nehuwandu hwepathogen. Zvirwere zvegMI zvinoratidza utachiona hutsva asi IgG zvinoratidzira zvirwere zvinoratidza kuti wakatapukirwa munguva yakapfuura. Iko dzimwe nguva zvingava zvakaoma kuziva apo zvirwere zveGIG zvinoshandurirwa kuzvirwere zveG IgG.
PCR uye Enzyme Immunoassays
Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuronga utachiona. Pane kudaro, zvirwere zvehutachiona zvinowanzoonekwa kuti zvinoshandisa polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uye enzyme immunoassays.
PCR ihwo hutachiona hunojekesa kuvepo kwehutachiona hweDNA kana bhakitiriya mune imwe muenzaniso. Icho chinopfurikidza kune serology kuti iongorore mabhakitiriya e-atypical. Kunyange zvazvo zviitiko zvinowanzowanikwa mumaawa 1 kusvika ku6, PCR haigoni kuitwa panzvimbo. Inofanira kushandiswa ne laboratori.
Enzyme immunoassays, zvisinei, inogona kuitwa sechinhu chekucherechedza nemigumisiro inowanikwa mumaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika paawa. Izvi zvinoshandisa zvirwere zvekare kuti zvione kuvepo kwehutachiona hwemapiritsi ehutachiona uye hunogona kuvhara mavhairusi akawanda panguva imwechete.
Imaging
Kufungidzira kuongororwa kunowanzoitwa vasati vamboongorora ma laboratory. Kana iwe uine hutano hwakanaka, chiremba angakubata iwe nokuda kwepineumonia zvichienderana nekuongorora kwepanyama uye kuongorora kwekufungidzira chete.
Bofu X-Ray
Kana pneumonia inenge ichifungidzirwa zvichibva kune zviratidzo uye kuongorora mumuviri, mutemo wekutarisira ndewekutora x-ray chifukidzo . Bhokisi re x-ray rinogona kuratidza kupindira, iyo inoungana pus, ropa, kana mapuroteni mumapfupa emapapu. Inogonawo kuratidza zvimwe zviratidzo zvemapapu zvirwere zvakadai semavanga uye mapurules .
Chiremba wako kazhinji haagoni kuparadzanisa mabhakitiriya uye hutachiona hwehutachiona huchibva pane zvekufungidzira chete. Zvisinei, kupinda mukati kunenge kuchizadza zvose kana akawanda ezvo kana akawanda akawanda emapapu zvinogona kuva bhakitiriya pneumonia inokonzerwa neS S. pneumoniae .
CT Scan
Zvinokwanisika kuti chibhokisi x-ray inogona kurasikirwa nekuongororwa. Kana chiremba wako achine chikonzero chakasimba chekutsvaga pneumonia mushure mechikonzero chakaipa, angasarudza kutsigira kuongororwa neT CT scan . Kazhinji, CT scan yakarurama kupfuura chep x-ray kunyange zvazvo inodhura zvakawanda uye inokutsanangurira kuwedzerwa kwemaawa.
Chiyero chinoitwa nekukuisa wakadzika mumushini wakagadzirirwa unotora mifananidzo. Chidzidzo chacho hachina maturo uye chakapedzwa mumaminitsi, asi zvakakosha kurarazve panguva yekuedzwa kuwana mifananidzo yakanakisisa.
Bronchoscopy
Muzviitiko zvakakomba zvisingabvumi kurapwa, chiremba wako anogona kutevera mamwe mafungiro okutsvaga zvimwe zvikonzero. Iko kuongorora kunogona kusanganisira bronchoscopy , apo kamera yakaonda inotungamirirwa mumhino dzako kana muromo mumapapu ako.
Nenzira iyi, chiremba wako anokwanisa kunyatsoona mukati memapapu. Zvituko uye biopsies zvinogona kutorwa sezvinodiwa. Usanetseke. Iwe uchave wakarongedzwa nokuda kwekuita.
Kusiyanisa Kuziva
Kune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuva nezviratidzo zvakafanana nepineumonia, sebronchitis kana congestive moyo kusakona . Kana mumwe munhu ane chirwere chinonzi asthma , bronchiectasis , kana chirwere chisingagadziriswi chepemmonic (COPD) , inogona kunge iri kupera-kwemazivo avo anozivikanwa nemapapu. Munyaya yakaipisisa mamiriro ezvinhu, inogona kuva chiratidzo chekuchenesa chepenza yemapapu .
Zvisinei, usashamiswa nemikana iyi. Chinhu chakanakisisa kuti iwe uite ndoshanyira chiremba wako kuti uwane hutano hwakanaka. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kana uchinge waonekwa, pneumonia inogona kunyatsotarisirwa.
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