Overview
Chirwere chepamuinea chirwere chinowanikwa mumapapu. Inogona kuva mumapapu mamwe kana maviri, uye inogona kubva kubva kune unyoro kusvika kuhupenyu hunotyisidzira. Zvimwe zvirwere zvepneumonia zvinokonzera dambudziko mune rimwe lobe (chikamu) chemapapu mamwe, asi zviitiko zvakakomba zvingakanganisa zvose 5 lobes emapapu. Iyo yakawanda yakawanda inobatanidzwa, inonyanya kukosha iyo pneumonia inogona kuva yakanyanya.
Chirwere chinowanzokonzerwa nebhakitiriya , asi chinogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona kana kunyange fungus mune zvisingawanzoitika. Mishonga inowanzobatanidza imwe kana kupfuura mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinogona kutorwa nemuromo apo chirwere chinogona kupora zvakachengeteka kumba, kana zvimwe zvinoda kurapwa kwe IV mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakakomba.
Pneumonia inokonzera sputum, maridhi inogona kuonekwa sepus panguva yekuputika kwepineumonia, kuunganidza mumapapu. Izvi zvinotungamirira mukukanganiswa kwakanyanya mumatambudziko akawanda, sekukanganiswa inzira yemuviri yekuedza kubvisa ichi chemvura kubva kumapapu. Izvi zvinokonzera kushandiswa kunoita kuti muviri ushande zvakaoma kuwana oxygen yakakwana yezviitiko zvezuva nezuva.
Risk Factors
Vagari vari pangozi huru yepineumonia ndivo vaduku zvikuru uye vanhu vakuru. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vezera ripi zvese vanogona kuwana pneumonia , maitiro akawanda ari muvana uye vanhu vanopfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingagumi zvehutano, zvakadai sechirwere cheshuga, vari pangozi yakakura kudarika munhu akawandisa, sevanhu vane chirwere chisingaperi chekuputika.
Vanhu vane simba rekudzivirira zvirwere, zvakadai sevanhu vane kenza kana HIV, uye avo vanotora mishonga inopedza maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinowedzerawo mungozi yekudzidzira pneumonia. Vanhu vanotsvaga, zvinoreva zvokudya zvavo, kurutsa kana kunyange marashi zvinopinda nenzira inoenda mumugwagwa panzvimbo pemhepo, vari pangozi yepineumonia.
Kuvhiya varwere vari pangozi yakakura yepneumonia nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Ava varwere havakwanisi kukanda chikwama kana kuchengetedza nzira yavo iyo vari pasi peanesthesia. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dai vaifanira kurutsa panguva yekuvhiyiwa vaisazokwanisa kutanga kukanganiswa kuedza kubvisa zvinhu zvekunze mumapapu avo. Iyi yepineumonia inonzi aspiration pneumonia, uye inogona kuva yakakomba zvikuru. Kurapa varwere vanogonawo kuoma nekukanganiswa mushure mekuvhiyiwa nekuda kwekutambudzika. Vanodzivisa kugunun'una nokuti zvinowedzera marwadzo avo ekuvhiya, asi zvinyorwa zvinokwanisa kuvaka mumapapu uye zvinotungamirira muchipfuva kusanganisa kana pneumonia. Kusungirirwa kwepachivande mumapapu kune chikonzero chekutengesa kwepneumonia.
Zviratidzo nezviratidzo
Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvepneumonia zvinogona kusiyana kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu. Mumwe munhu angave asina kufema kana mumwe munhu angangonzwa kuora kukuru. Heano zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvirwere zvepneumonia:
- Fever uye / kana chills
- Chifuva chinobudirira, kazhinji chakanyanya uye chinogona kuva chine ruvara muvara
- Kupfupika kwemhepo
- Kuoma kufema kufema
- Kuchipa kwepfupa kana uchikanda kana kufema zvikuru
- Inonzwa isisina simba
- Kunzwa kuneta
- Kuchinja muhutano hwepfungwa
- Kufirwa kwechido
- Nausea kana kurutsa
Kuwanda
Pneumonia inowanikwa mune vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaperi, uye chirwere chinowanzoguma chikonzero chechirwere chisingaperi.
Preexisting mamiriro ezvinhu anoreva varwere vazhinji vari pangozi yepineumonia vasati vambovhiyiwa. Pane imwe nguva mukuvhiyiwa, murwere angave "akarara" kwemaawa akawanda, uye kunyange nguva yakareba paanenge achidzoka mumazuva anotevera kuvhiyiwa. Kuva mumubhedha panzvimbo yekusimuka nekufamba kunogona kubatsira pakuvandudza kwepneumonia.
Nhamo inowanzovhara varwere vanopfurikidza nekufema zvakadzama sezvavanowanzodikanwa, uye zvinoitawo kuti vanhu vasave nokukanganiswa. Kufema zvishoma uye kusasvetuka kana zvakakodzera kunowedzerawo njodzi yepneumonia. Kuva nechifukidzo chepachifu, kunyanya, kunowedzera njodzi yepumoniya nekuti kuora kunorwadza.
Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti chipatara-chakawana pneumonia, iyo chirwere chepineumunhu chinotumirwa muchipatara, chinozivikanwa kuva chakaipisisa kudarika pneumonia iyo inobvumirana nemaguta (shamwari, mhuri, vavakidzani).
Kudzivirira
Kune vamwe varwere, chirwere chepneumonia chinogona kunge chakakodzera, zvichienderana nezera ravo uye nhoroondo yezvechiremba. Mukuwedzera, kufamba nokukurumidza sezvinobvira mushure mekuvhiyiwa inzira yakanaka yekugara uine hutano uye nekukurumidza kudzoka. Kushungurudza kana chido chacho chichikura chakakosha, panzvimbo pokudzvinyirira chido nokuti kukohwa kunorwadza. Kuputika nemutsipa kunogona kubatsira kuderedza marwadzo kana uchidaro.
Mishonga
Chirwere chinonyanya kuwanikwa chepneumonia mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kurapa kwepumusoro uye kukurudzira spirometry maitiro pamwe nekukanganiswa maitiro. Chirwere chinorwisa mabhakitiriya chinowanzoitika, asi nzira iyo inoshanda chete kubhakitiriya pneumonia uye dzimwe mhaka inokonzerwa nemavirusi. Kurapa kwepneumonia kunowanzosiyana-siyana zvichibva pachikonzero chetachiona uye kuoma kwezviratidzo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo murwere ane dambudziko kuwana oxygen yakakwana, kugara kwechipatara kunowanzodiwa uye kuwedzera kwomweya inogona kugoverwa.
Matambudziko akakomba angada kuti ICU itarisire kutarisira, kutaridzika uye kushandiswa kwevhetiri pamwe chete nepamusoro pekuchengetwa kweawa, asi izvi hazvishamisi.
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