Chromosome Translocations muLeukemia uye Lymphomas
Overview
Kushandurwa kwechirongwa rudzi rwekusachinja kusina kukanganisa mukati mekugadzirwa kwekromosome inowanikwa apo chikamu chechromosome chimwe chinoparara uye chinonamatira pane imwe chromosome. Izvi "kuchinja" ndezvikonzero zvinokosha zvemarudzi mazhinji e- lymphomas uye leukemias .
Occurrence
Ma chromosomes edu anochengetedza zvose zvehutano hwatinowana nhaka kubva kuvabereki vedu. Tine masero makumi maviri nemaviri emakromosomes - 1 akaiswa kubva kumadzimai edu uye 1 akaiswa kubva kumadzitateguru edu - makumi mana nemakumi mana emakromosomes mune zvose.
Pamusoro pechimwe chromosome mune mazana ega mazita ejeni anokonzera zvinhu zvose kubva muvara wemeso edu kune mapuroteni anodzora kupatsana kwemasero mumuviri wedu.
Apo masero edu akaparadzanisa, kopi yemapepa echromosomes anoitwa. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinowedzera zvisina kunaka, uye chikamu chechikamu chimwe che chromosome chingaguma chakabatanidzwa kune imwe chromosome.
Apo patinotaura pamusoro pekuchinja kwemajeni mukenza, inogona kuva yakavhiringidza zvikuru, saka tinoda kuve nechokwadi kuti kusiyana kwakasiyana kwakajeka pakarepo. Zvimwe zvemajeni zvinoshandiswa ndezvakaberekwa uye zvinonzi hupenyu hwemagadzirirwo emagetsi, mararamiro emutende kana mamwe maitiro ekuchinja maunoberekwa kubva pakuberekwa, asi hupenyu huzhinji huri kuchinja huchazonzwa pamusoro pahwo hunowanikwa kana hunochinja-shanduka -kuchinja -shanduka uye kuchinja kwemajini kunowanikwa mumuviri wako pashure kuberekwa uye gare gare muhupenyu.
Aina
Kune marudzi maviri ekutumira.
- Kuchinja kwakanyatsokwana - Munharaunda yakatarisa, zvikamu zvakaenzana zvekromosomes maviri zvinopatsanurwa, naizvozvo hapana kana kushayikwa kana kushayikwa kwemazwi ekuberekwa.
- Kusagadzikana kwekuenderera mberi - Munharaunda isina kukwana, kushandura kunosanganisira zvikamu zvisina kukwana zvekromosome uye zvinotungamirira kumagetsi akawedzerwa kana kushayikwa.
Translocations inoratidzirwa uchishandisa nyaya yakaderera "t" pamwe chete nemaviri echromosomes akabatanidzwa mune mabhakati. Somuenzaniso, kutumirwa kwema chromosomes 9 uye chromosome 22 kunoratidzwa ne t (9; 22).
Kushamwaridzana neKenza
Translocation ndiyo chirwere chekuberekwa kwemajeni kunogona kuita kuti mamwe mararamiro akafanana ave gehena inokonzera kenza. Masayendisiti haazive chaizvo izvo zvinokonzera kuti chromosomal ishanduke kuitika, asi zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinokonzera kukura kwe lymphomas uye leukemias zvinozivikanwa, uye kumwe kusvikirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kungave kwakabatanidzwa mukuparara kwemajini. Izvi zvinogona kuitika zvakare apo DNA iri mumasero edu inokuvadza nehupfu kana hutachiona hwehutachiona. Zvisinei, vanogona kuitika semugumisiro we "kukanganisa" mumagadzirirwo emasero ekuparadzanisa, zvakare. Sezvo masero edu achiparadzanisa munguva yehupenyu hwedu, mukana wekuti "kukanganisa" mukuparadzanisa kuchaitika kunowedzera vakuru isu tiri. Izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndeimwe yezvikonzero nei huwandu hwekenza hunova hwakajairika vatinowana kare.
Kuti unzwisise kuti kutengesa kunokanganisa sei mukana wechirwere kunogona kubatsira kunzwisisa zvishoma nezvekushanduka kwemajini uye kushanduka kwezvinhu kunokonzera kenza . Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutengesa kunogona kushandiswa kuburikidza kushandura oncogenes (gwara rinokonzera kenza) pa, kana kuti nokuchinja kuora kwezvinokonzerwa nekenza panzvimbo. Tumor suppressor jenesi mazamu anobatsira kubatsira kutonga maserai ayo, kana asingakwanisi kutonga, anogona kutungamirira kune kenza; iyo inowanzoita segadzirisheni mumotokari, asi oncogenes vanoita sechinhu chinomhanya chinenge chakanyatsopindira pane chinzvimbo.
Nokuda kwechikamu chikuru, kutumirwa kunokonzerwa neukemikema uye lymphomas kunokonzerwa nekuwana kuchinja kweDNA, asi izvi hazvisi nguva dzose. Inowanzobatanidza kuchinja kwemajini panzvimbo pekutanga kana maviri inoguma nekenza, uye mune dzimwe nguva, zvimwe zvekuchinja uku kunogona kuitika musati waberekwa. Semuenzaniso, mune vamwe vana vane acute lymphocytic leukemia, kutanga kwemajini kunogona kuitika apo mwana achiri muchibereko.
Ropa Cancers (Leukemias uye Lymphomas)
Chromosomal translocations inobatsira zvikuru mumararamiro eropa. Inofungidzirwa kuti kutumirwa kunowanikwa kusvika ku 90% ye-lymphomas uye kupfuura 50% yeeukemias.
Zvimwe zvinotapurirwa zvinosanganiswa nekenza yeropa zvinosanganisira:
- t (8; 21) - Acute myeloblastic leukemia nekukura
- t (9; 22), ziva se "Philadelphia Chromosome" - Isingaperi myelogenous leukemia (CML) uye Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
- t (15; 17) - Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
- t (12; 15), t (1; 12) - Yakanyanya myelogenous leukemia (AML)
- t (2; 5) - Anaplastic huru cell lymphoma
- t (8; 14) - Burkitt's lymphoma
- t (11; 14) - Mantle cell lymphoma
- t (14; 18) - Follicular lymphoma
Shoko Rinobva
Vanachiremba vanoona chromosome translocations pavanoita genetic kuongorora biopsy samples. Kuwana kwakadaro kunowanzobatsira kwete kungoziva chirwere chacho chete, asiwo kuronga chirwere uye kufanotaura matambudziko emishonga. Zvimwe zvekuendesa, somuenzaniso, zvinogona kuratidza zvirwere zvinowedzera kana zvisingabatsiri chemotherapy. Zvisinei, munhu mumwe nomumwe akasiyana, uye kunyange vanhu vaviri vane shanduko imwechete vanogona kuva nemigumo yakasiyana kwazvo.
Sources:
American Cancer Society. Tinoziva here chinokonzera kusina Hodgkin's lymphoma? Updated 01/22/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-what-causes
National Cancer Institute. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment - Health Professional Version (PDQ). Updated 10/10/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq#link/_67_toc
Nambiar, M., uye S. Raghavan. DNA inopera sei panguva yechromosomal translocations? Nucleic Acid Research . 2011. 39 (14): 5813-5825.