Zvirwere zvepachigoni, kana zvirwere-zvinokonzera zvirwere, zvinowedzera munyika yatinogara. Izvi zvipembenene zvinogona kuuya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana-siyana sezvazvinenge zviri mumhando uye maitiro, zvirwere zvinokonzera mishonga zvose zvine chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana: Kuti zvikonzere zvirwere, dzinofanira kubudirira kupinda muimba. Zvirwere zvepachigoni zvinoparidzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuburikidza nemhepo, zvepabonde, ropa uye nedzimwe mvura dzomumuviri, kana kuburikidza nefecal-oral path.
Mhando dzePathogens
Kazhinji, zvirwere zvinowira mune chimwe chezvikamu zvina zvinotevera:
Mavairasi: Izvi zvinokonzera kutapukisa zvinoda hupenyu hwekugara hunoita kuti hufadze uye hubudirire. Mavirisi anoita izvi nokupinda mumuviri wemunhu uye kupinda mucheche kwavanozvifananidzira ivo vozopararira kune mamwe masero. Mienzaniso yemirwere inobva kune zvirwere zvishoma zvakadai sehovha yakawanda uye chirwere chepamuviri kuhutachiona hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana (HIV) uye hepatitis C.
Mabhakitiriya: Kunyange zvazvo mabhakitiriya mazhinji asingaiti chirwere uye naizvozvo haasi zvirwere, zvimwe zvezvisikwa zvidiki, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa zvakagadzika sematanda, miviri, kana mapepa. Mabhakitiriya anowanzokakura muhukuru kupfuura mavharusi, uye vanhu vanowanzosangana nehutachiona hwehutachiona mushure mokunge zvirwere zvavo zvemuviri zvatove zvichitambura nekuda kwehutachiona. Mienzaniso yezvirwere zvebhakitiriya zvinosanganisira strep throat, meningitis, uye chepfu yekudya.
Fungi : Mbiriso, mhando, uye mushwa zvose zvinokonzera zvirwere muvanhu.
Fungi iEukaryotes, zvinoreva masero avo ane nucleus pamwe nezvimwe zvikamu zvakapoteredzwa mukati membrane. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakaoma kuvarova uye mishonga yakawanda iripo isinganyanyi kubudirira pane, semuenzaniso, maantibiotics paanokonzera mamwe matambudziko kune munhu anovatora.
Mienzaniso yehutachiona hwehutachiona hunosanganisira mhondi, histoplasmosis, uye vaginal mbiriso yehutachiona.
Zvirwere : Izvi zvipenyu zvinogara mumugadziri uye zvinowana simba (zvokudya) kubva kune avo vanogara, zvinowanzokonzera zvirwere mukugadzirisa. Iyo mitatu mikuru miviri yehutachiona hunokonzera vanhu zvirwere ndeyeprotozoa, helminths, uye ectoparasites. Mienzaniso yezvipembenene zvinokonzera kurwara kwevanhu zvirwere zvepopeworm (zvinokonzera zvirwere zvekudya), maikiti (anokonzera chirwere cheLyme), uye plasmodium (inokonzera marariya).
Kudzivirira Pamakorikari
Mishonga yemazuva ano ine nzira dzakawanda dzokurwisa zvirwere zvakadai semakemikari, antibiotics, uye fungicides, asi muviri wemunhu wakagadzirirwawo nzira dzakawanda dzekudzivirira pamusoro pezvirwere uye zvirwere zvavanokonzera. Semuenzaniso, maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri uye maitiro akasiyana emasero ayo anounza (leukocytes, neutrophils, uye antibodies) anokwanisa kurwisa zvipembenene. Mukuwedzera, zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvehutano zvakadai sokunyunyutira nekukwevera, ndezvekuedza kwemuviri yekudzinga mishonga kubva mumuviri.
Ichokwadi, mafungu, paanofungidzirwa sechiratidzo chekurwara, chaizvoizvo inzira yemuviri yekusimudzira kushambidzika kwayo kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo isingagariki nezvimwe zvirwere. Icho chinhu chekudzivirira chinogadzirisa chinogona kubatsira kubatsira kuuraya majekiseni uye kudzorera utano.
> Kwakabva:
> Alberts B; Johnson A; Lewis J; et al. (2002). "Mharidzo kune maPathogeni". Molecular Biology yeS Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science.