Kana uine chelesterol yako yakatariswa kare, pamwe wakamboona mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzehushutetori dzakarongwa pamubhatiro wako webasa. LDL, VLDL, HDL - ivo vose vanorevei? Zvose izvi zvinokonzera cholesterol zvingagadzirwa nezvikamu zvakafanana, asi mabasa avo mumuviri akasiyana. Kuva nehupamhi kana kuderedzwa humwe hwemhando idzi dzeku cholesterol kunogona kuwedzera mungozi yako ekuvandudza chirwere chemoyo.
Cholesterol uye triglycerides vane mafuta maserolekemu. Nemhaka yemafuta-akafanana nawo, haakwanisi kutenderera nyore nyore muropa remvura. Kuti cholesterol uye triglycerides kufamba muropa, zvinowanzoendeswa nemapurotini anoita kuti cholesterol uye triglycerides inogadziriswa muropa. Ichi chinonzi lipid and complex protein chinonzi se lipoprotein. Apo triglycerides uye cholesterol zvakabviswa kubva mumu lipoprotein yakaoma, uye iwe une protein chete, puroteni chikamu inonzi seapolipoprotein. Mhando dzakasiyana dzeapolipoprotein dzinosanganiswa nemapoprotein akasiyana.
Kune marudzi mashanu akasiyana-siyana e lipoprotein muropa, uye anowanzotariswa maererano nehuwandu hwavo. Mhando dzakakura dzemapoprotein dzinoongororwa mumapuranga ane pombi dzinosanganisira:
- Yakadzika-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL). Iyi lipoprotein inosanganisira zvikurukuru triglycerides, mamwe echolesterol molecules, uye zvishoma puroteni. Iyo yakawanda mafuta lipoprotein ine, ishoma kudarika iyo ine. Muchiitiko ichi, VLDL haina kuderera kupfuura yakawanda lipoproteins nekuda kwehupamhi hwayo yakaumbwa. VLDL inogadzirwa muropa uye inofanirwa kuunza triglycerides kumasero mumuviri, izvo zvinodiwa kumagadzirirwo emagetsi. Sezvo triglycerides ichiendeswa kumasero, VLDL inoumbwa zvishoma nemafuta uye akawanda emapurotini, achisiya cholesterol mu molecule. Sezvo izvi zvichiitika, VLDL ichapedzisira iine LDL molecule.
- Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL). LDL ine chesteteroli yakawanda kupfuura triglycerides uye mapuroteni. Nemhaka yokuti ine zvinyorwa zvishoma uye zvimwe mapuroteni mukuenzanisa neVLDL, huwandu hwayo hukuru. LDL inotakura kutakura cholesterol kumasero anodikanwa. Kureba kweLDL mazinga kunobatanidza nehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa. Mamwe mavara eLDL - kunyanya maduku, DDL akaoma (sdLDL) uye oxidised LDL (oxLDL) - ave achibatanidzwa nekusimudzira kuumbwa kweAristrosclerosis nekuisa mafuta pamasvingo emariti mu mumuviri. Nekuwedzera kwemazinga eLDL anobatanidzwa nekuvandudzika kwehutano hwepfungwa, LDL inonziwo "yakaipa" cholesterol.
- High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Inofananidzwa neLDL, HDL inosanganisira cholesterol shoma uye zvimwe mapuroteni, zvichiita kuti lipoprotein idzi dzive dzakaoma. HDL yakaitwa muchiropa uye mumatumbo. Icho chinotakura kutakura cholesterol kubva kumasero zvakare kusvika kuchiropa. Nemhaka yeizvi, HDL inonziwo "yakanaka" cholesterol.
Kunewo dzimwe lipoproteins inoshandawo mukuendesa mafuta kune masero, asi haawanzi kuyerwa mumutambo wepachidimbu. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Chylomicrons. Iyi lipoprotein ndiyo yakanyanya kuderera kunze kwezvose lipoproteins. Aya mamolekoroni anonyanya kugadzirwa ne triglycerides uye zvishoma zveprotini. Chylomicrons vane mutoro wekutakura mapidhi kubva mudumbu remakumbo kune masero mumuviri.
- Inyanzvi Yakadzika Inonzi Lipoprotein (IDL). Aya lipoproteins haana kuderera kupfuura maL molecules asi akaoma kupfuura VLDL particles. Sezvo triglycerides paVLDL ichideredzwa nemasero anenge achida, iyo inenge inotyisa nokuda kwekushandura mukati memaprotheni chiyero. Izvi zvinoita kuti VLDL ichinjwa kuva IDL. Sezvo triglycerides uye cholesterol zvakapiwa kune mamwe masero mumuviri, IDL ichazoshandurwa kuva LDL zvishoma nezvishoma.
> Sources:
> Baron RB. Zvinokonzera Lipid. Mu: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. eds. Ikozvino Kurapa Kurapa Nekurapa 2015 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Rader DJ, Hobbs HH. Matambudziko ePopoprotein Metabolism. Muna: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.