Kunyangwe Kunyange Kudzidza Kusina Kubudirira Kutanga Kufambira mberi kweHIV
"Kuputsa" ishoko rinoshandiswa nguva dzose-vamwe vangataura kakawanda-apo vanotsanangura kufambira mberi mune shanduro dzeHIV. Uye nepo paine, zvechokwadi, pane vashanduri vemitambo mumakore achangobva kupfuura , shoko rinowanzoratidza kuti tiri pedo nekurapa kana mhinduro iyo isu chaizvoizvo tiri.
Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana tsvakurudzo ichinyatsonzwisiswa kana mutori wenhau asingakwanisi kuisa sainzi mumamiriro akakodzera. Uye izvi zvinonyadzisa, zvakapiwa kuti izvo zviri kutaurwa zvinowanzokosha zvechokwadi.
Zviri pachena kuti hazvifaniri kumbova chikamu chekuzivisa kwesayenzi, chimwe chinhu chatakadzidza kare muna 1984 apo Munyori wehutano neHuman Services Margaret Heckler akazivisa kuti tichave nechirwere cheHIV "mumakore maviri."
Kwete kungofungidzira kwakafanana nekutadza kwevanhu kusununguka kwevanhu, vanowanzotora zvakananga hutano hwevanhu. Kuongorora kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaratidza kuti kuonekwa kwemunhu pangozi-kuti yakawanda kana kuti zvishoma munhu anonzwa akaisa pangozi-zvinogona kutungamirirwa zvakananga nehuwandu hwehutano uye zvinyorwa zvehuwandu hwemashoko vanotsvaga.
Takazviona muna 2016 apo murume ane HIV yekare-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) akaudzwa kuti akabatwa nehutachiona pasinei nekurapa kurapwa kwezuva nezuva. Kunze kwehuwandu hwemashoko, mharidzo dzisina kururama dzakaratidza kuti "zvisingawanzo" zvinoshandiswa zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa zvinodhaka zvakapararira vanhu, zvisingatenderi kana PrEP yakanga yakagadziriswa sarudzo sevakuru vehutano vakaparidzirwa.
Tinotarisa hutatu, hutachiwana hutachiwana hweHIV "hunobudirira" hwakaratidza kuva chimwe chinhu kunze kwekuongorora izvo zvatakadzidza, zvose zvakanaka uye zvisingaiti, mushure mekukanganisa uku.
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AIDSVAX VaccineMuna 1995, chirwere cheAIDSVAX chakagamuchirwa zvikuru mune zvenhau apo nhau dzakaputsika kuti yakagumbura mhinduro dzekudzivirirwa mumuviri muchikamu chiduku, chidzidzo cheChipiri II chevanhu vanozvipira.
Izvi zvakakonzera mushandi wekudzivirira, VaxGen, kutumira chikumbiro chekutungamirira chirwere chakakura, chechikamu chechitatu chechipiri mukati meUnited States-chikumbiro icho chakazoguma chakarambidzwa apo zvakaratidzwa kuti vakawanda vanozvipira vakanga vaine utachiona munguva yekutongwa kwokutanga.
Vasingadikanwi, hutungamiri hweVaxGen hwakakumbira kumasangano emasayendisiti enyika dzakawanda uye pakupedzisira akaisa chidzidzo muna 2002. Kutongwa ikoko, marwadzo, akange asingakwanisi kudzivirira kana kuderedza hutachiona pakati pevatori vechidzidzo.
Pasinei nemashoko acho, kambani yacho yakakurumidza kubudisa mabhizimisi achitaura kuti chirwere chacho chakaratidza kuti chinoshanda mune vamwe vanhu (kunyanya dema neAsia), uye zvakatoenda kusvika kuratidza kuti mukana anokwanisa kuwanika nekutanga muna 2005.
Kubvira panguva iyoyo, AIDSVAX yakarongedzwa pamwe chete nedzimwe chirwere uye, muna 2009, regimen yakabatanidzwa yakazadzikisa kukwana 31 muzana kubudirira mukudzivirira HIV.
Izvozvo zvikaitika zvakangoerekana zvaziviswa "chiitiko chakakosha" neAIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nehuwandu hwemashoko anoratidza kuti masayendisiti akanga ari pamucheto we "mushonga mushonga" weHIV (zvinoreva kuti hutachiona hunogona kutungamirirwa nechirwere panzvimbo pepiritsi).
Aya mazano ave akatambudzwa pasi kubva panguva iyo, ane uchapupu hushoma hwokutsigira izvozvi. Kunyange zvakadaro, chirongwa chitsva cheGuenzaniso III chakatanga zvakasimba muSouth Africa muna 2016, zvakare kushandisa AIDSVAX uye chirwere chakafanana chinoshandiswa zvakare muna 2009.
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Mwana we MississippiVashomanana "kuputika" kwakagadzirisa huwandu hwemashoko kuti mwana we Mississippi , asina mwana asina kutaurwa nezita uyo aifungidzirwa kuti akaporeswa neHIV muna 2013.
Akaberekwa kune amai vane HIV, mwana wacho akabatwa nehutsinye hwehutachiona hunopedza maawa 30 mushure mokuberekwa. Mwana wacho paakanga ane mwedzi 18, amai vacho vakabva vasiya kuchengeta uye vakasiya mwana vasina mushonga kwemwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu.
Apo amai nemwana pakupedzisira vakadzoka, vanachiremba vakashamiswa kuona kuti mwana wacho akanga asina hutachiona hunotaridzika muropa kana muviri. Izvi zvakaita kuti tangofungidzira kuti kurapwa kwakapiwa panguva yehutachiona kunogona kusimbisa hutachiona mumugwagwa waro.
Saka zvakapararira zvaive zvitendero, kuti mafashamo emashoko akazotevera akazotevera, achitaura kuti vamwe vana vakanga vawana mugumisiro wakafanana sechikonzero chekupera kwekurapa kurapwa. (Zvinoshamisa kuti, kusiyana nevana vaMisissippi, hakuna mumwe wevana ava akamborapwa maitiro echikonzero.)
Pakazosvika July 2014, pakureba kwemashoko ehupe, vanachiremba vakapa kuti chirwere chacho chaiva, zvechokwadi, chakadzoka (chakawedzerwa) mumwana we Mississippi. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hutachiona hahuna kuparadzwa sezvo vamwe vaitenda asi hwakange hwakavanzwa mumagadzirirwo emakamuri akagadzirira kubuda zvakare musipo kushandiswa kwemazuva ose.
Zvidzidzo zvekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga hutachiona hweHIV hutsinye muzvisikwa zvitsva zvakabva zvasarudzwa.
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Kudzokorora chirwere cheBerlin ChirwereTimothy Ray Brown, aka "Mutevedzeri weBerlin," anonzi ndiye munhu chete akaporeswa neHIV. Mushure mekutarisa zvikuru kuongorora stem cell transplant kubva kune munhu aive asingagoni kurwisana neHIV, Brown akabuda mugore ra2008 pasina uchapupu hwehutachiona mune rimwe ropa kana mutsara.
Mashoko ehutano hwaBrown akatungamirira kune zvidzidzo zvakatevera zvinotarisira kudzokorora mhinduro kune vamwe. Zvose zvekuti zvisizvo zvakakundikana.
Pakati pavo, varume vaviri veBoston vakataura kuti "vakaporeswa" muna 2013 vakagadziriswa gore rimwe chete mushure mokunge vapera. Vamwe vave vachibva vataura kuti nzira yekupedzisira iyi "yakanyanyisa" kupfuura Brown uye inogona kureva kuti nei chirwere ichi chisina kubviswa zvachose kubva mumagadziriro avo.
Kwete iyo stem cell transplants yakave yakambofungidzirwa sarudzo yakagadzikana yekurapa HIV. Pasinei nemafungiro ezvakataurwa neBerlin Patient case, nzira yacho pachayo inofungidzirwa kuti inodhura zvakanyanya uye inotyisa kushanda kunze kwepamatambudziko akawanda ekurapa.
Nekuda kwake, Brown anoenderera mberi kuramba asingabviri uye asingadi kurapwa, kunyange zvazvo zvichiripo nharo pamusoro pekuti chirwere chacho chakanga chaparadzwa zvachose here kana kuti chinongorongedzwa neyo kuisa nzira.
Kuwedzera kutsvakurudza kunotarisira kuzivisa nzira dzakananga dzehutano hweBrown, zvakakodzera kuti dzigadzire zvishandiso zvinogona kushandiswa pachirongwa chikuru, chevanhu.
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HIV Microbicide ZvipingamupinyiHIV microbicides inonzwisisa. Funga nezvazvo: Kana iwe wakambonetseka nezvekutora HIV kubva kune mumwe munhu wepabonde, zvose zvaunofanira kuita ndezvokuisa gel kana kamuti kuti uuraye HIV pahutano. Zvingaoma zvakaoma sei?
Asi mushure memakore anopfuura gumi ekutsvakurudza kwakasimba, isu tisati taona kuti munhu anozvigadzirisa anokwanisa kupa rudzi rwekudzivirirwa runodikanwa kuzadzikisa zvinangwa izvi.
Chimwe chekuedza kwakadaro, CAPRISA 004, yakaitwa se "kubudirira" shure muna 2010 apo yakaratidzwa kuti gel rine 1% yehutano hwemishonga yeTenofovir inogona kuderedza ngozi yekutapurirwa kwevakadzi mumapfumbamwe makumi mana. Kune avo vakashandisa gel nguva dzose, kubudirira kunogona kunge kwakakwirira se 54 muzana.
Asi pasina gore gare gare, National Institutes of Health yakagumisa kuedza kukuru muAfrica neIndia apo yakaratidzwa kuti iyo iyo microbicidal gel yakanga isisina zvachose kudzivirira kana ichienzaniswa ne-placebo version.
Vatsvakurudzi kubva kare vakapa zvikonzero zvemigumisiro, kusanganisira kuwandisa kwakanyanya kwezvirwere zvepabonde pakati pevatori vechidzidzo uye nharaunda yakakwirira yehutachiona pakati pevarume vane HIV.
Pakupedzisira, sarudzo-iyo yaonekwa sechinhu chinokosha pakupa simba vakadzi nevanasikana vanotambura-yakakonzerwa nekuda kwechinhu chimwe chete icho mutsvakurudzi akakundikana kutarisa: hupenyu hwevanhu.
Maererano nekutsvaga kwekuongorora, vakadzi (kunyanya vakadzi vaduku) vakakundikana kushandisa gel sezvinorayirwa, kazhinji nekuda kwekusagamuchirwa kwemhuri kana kutya kwekuwanikwa kwevakaroorana kana vanoita zvepabonde.
Kuongororwa kwakaitwa munguva pfupi pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemakondohwe emakemikari emakumbo emakumbo kwakaratidza kungochengetedza zvishoma zvakakwana, asi zvichikundikana kupa chero kudzivirirwa kunogona kuwanikwa kune vakadzi vane makore 18 kusvika ku21.
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Danish Kick-Kill CureKubva mienzaniso yehutachivimbiso hweHIV yakapera, vashomanana vakwezva kunyanya kufanana neyeDenmark yeAarhus Yunivhesiti apo yakaziviswa muna 2013 kuti mushonga wakatarirwa "mukati memwedzi."
Mumaawa mashomanana echiziviso chacho, vhidhiyo vakapinda muzvinyorwa zvechokwadi, kubudisa mishumo kuti boka reDenmark rakanga risingokwanisa chete kubvisa HIV kubva kumagetsi emagetsi (anonzi latent reservoirs ) asi akakwanisa kuvharidza hutachiona, zvakare. Nzira iyi, inozivikanwa zvikuru se "kick-kill," yakagadzirirwa mafungiro evanhu vakagadziriswa kubudirira mukutevera nhau dzemashoko pamusoro pemwana we Mississippi.
Kunyange zvazvo kutsvakurudza kweAarhus kwaiva zvechokwadi, danho rinotsigira pakuwana "kukanda-kuuraya," rakakundikana kubvuma chimwe chikonzero chakakanganisa kufungidzira kwayo: tisati tatoziva kuti matongo aya akadini.
Hazvina nguva refu mashoko asati asvika kuti chidzidzo cheAarhus chakaperesa pfupi pane vimbiso yaro, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemavarasi asina simba asi hakuna nzvimbo pedyo nehutano hunoda kuita "basa-kuparadza" basa.
Uyezve, hakuchina humwe uchapupu hwekuti chero mumiririri, ingave mishonga kana kuti immunological, inogona kubvisa zvachose HIV kana yakasunungurwa kubva mumasero ayo akavanza nzvimbo tsvene.
Kuenderera mberi kuongororwa kuri kuitwa kuti uone kana kusanganiswa kwezvinodhaka uye / kana vachengeti vekudzivirira kunogona kuvandudzwa pamigumisiro iyi yekutanga.
> Sources:
> Rerks-Ngarm, S ;; Pitisutithurm, P .; Nitayaphan, S ;; et al. "Kuchengetedza neAlvac neAIDSVAX kudzivirira HIV-1 Kupindwa muThailand." New England Journal of Medicine. December 3, 2009; 361: 2209-2220.
> Ledford, H. "HIV Inoputika Dashes Hope ye 'Mississippi Baby' Cure." Nature; yakabudiswa musi waJuly 10, 2014.
> Hutter, G. "Stem cell transplantation mune nzira dzekurapa HIV / AIDS." AIDS Research uye Therapy. Svondo 13, 2016; 30:13.
> Nzvimbo dzeAIDS Program Research muSouth Africa (CAPRISA). "Kudzidza kwemajeri kweTenofovir itsva hakuratidzi maitiro ekudzivirira utachiwana hweHIV: Pasi pane geliti inotarisirwa inoshandisa zvinokonzerwa neCONCTS muedzo wekuedza." Media release February 24, 2015.
> United Press International (UPI). "Utachiona hweHIV hunotarisirwa 'mukati memwedzi,' masayendisiti eDanish anoti." Yakabudiswa musi waMay 1, 2013.