Vabereki vari kuwedzera kudikanwa kuti vashandise ruzivo rwehutano hwavo hwehutano, sezvo vakawanda uye vakawanda vanoenda kunzvimbo dzaimbofungidzirwa kunge dzakashata kana dzisingabviri.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vatorwa vanobva kuIndia, Pakistan, kana Philippines, zvakadaro, vari kungoenda "kumba" nevana vavo kushanyira mhuri neshamwari.
Izvo zvisingashamisiwo kuti mhuri dziende kuAsia neAfrica pamhanyi emamishinari kana kungoenda muzororo mune imwe nzvimbo itsva, kunze kweiyo.
Zvinosuruvarisa, vana nevabereki vavo vanotarisana nehutachiwana hwezvirwere zvinotapukira pavanoenda kunzvimbo dzakawanda idzi. Vamwe vanofamba mararamiro ezvehutano, kusanganisira kushanyira mwana wenyu wehutano uye CDC Traveler's Health site kuti vaone kana vana venyu vachida mishonga yakawedzerwa, mishonga inodzivirira, kana zvimwe zvingwarira, zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza ngozi idzi.
Travel Vaccines
Paunenge uchifamba, unogona kunetseka nezvevana vako vanotora zvirwere izvo vangave vasina kuonekwa, zvakadai sedheue fever, cholera, kana encephalitis yeJapan, asi zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti dzakawanda zvirwere zvakanyanya zvinowanzoitika nyika, kusanganisira zvirwere zvinokonzerwa ne:
- Chikeni pokisi
- Haemophilus influenzae b. B (Hib)
- Pertussis
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Sezvo dzakawanda zvezvirwere izvi-zvinodzivirirwa izvo vana vanorirwe muUnited States vachiri kushingaira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kuwana mishonga yose mune purogiramu yakakosha yechirwere inokosha.
Kuwanda kwezvinoitika kuAmerica, kusanganisira kubuda kwemakumbo nemasikisi, zvakatangwa nevana vakabuda kunze kwenyika, vakarwara, uye vakaunza zvirwere zvekudzokera kumusha, vachizviparidzira kune vamwe vana vasina kuregererwa.
Zvichienderana nezvamunoenda, mwana wenyu angadawo mamwe mishonga vasati vafamba, kusanganisira:
- Chirwere cheTypoid : Inowanikwa sechirwere chemukanwa chevana vane makore anenge matanhatu, kana sepfuti kune avo vane makore maviri, kana vachifamba kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri pangozi yefivhaidhivha, kunyanya South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Central America, uye South America.
- Chirwere cheHumvha fever : Chirwere chinorarama nehutachiwana chinopiwa kune vana vane makore anenge mapfumbamwe uye vanoenda kunzvimbo dzeSouth America (Argentina, Brazil, Peru, etc.) uye Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, nezvimwewo. ) uko kune ngozi yakawanda yekuwana yellow fever kubva kumumhino wemikoko.
- Chirungu chinonzi Encephalitis vaccine (JE-VAX) : Kazhinji inokurudzirwa vana vane makore gumi nemaviri ekufamba vachienda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeAsia uye kumavirira kwePacific kwenguva refu, kunyanya kana vachigara kumaruwa ekumaruwa.
- Maningococcal vaccine : Kunyange zvazvo vana vari muUnited States vachiwana chirwere chemeningococcal kuvadzivirira kuNeisseria meningitidis zvirwere, havawanzozviwana kusvikira vava nemakore gumi nemana kana gumi nemaviri. Vafambi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzengozi dzakanyanya, kunyanya mabhanhire e-meningitis ekumaodzanyemba kweSahara, vanofanirwa kuwana mishonga yavo yepamberi, apo vane makore maviri, kunyanya kana vachifamba panguva yakaoma (December kusvika June) apo zvirwere zvinowanzoitika .
- Rabies vaccine : Rabies mu imbwa ichiri dambudziko munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika. Kunyange zvazvo zviripo, kuwana chirwere chekurwisa rabies vasati vafambisa kuenda kune vana vakawanda, kunze kwekuti iwe usati iwe unofunga kuti iwe uchava nekunyoresa kwekurapa kwakakodzera munzvimbo yauri kuenda. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanofanira kuedza kudzivisa kusvibiswa nekudzivisa kunyorera kubva kumhuka dzakanyanya kuisa mungozi, dzakadai sembwa dzomugwagwa, mbongoro, mapfupa, uye makate, nezvimwewo).
Measles dambudziko rakadaro munyika yose kuti chirongwa cheMMR chinofanira kupiwa kune vacheche sevana vaduku semwedzi mitanhatu kana vachizobva kuUnited States, kunyanya kana vachienda kune imwe nzvimbo yakakura yemasero.
Vana vane mwedzi inenge gumi nemasere vanofanira kuwana miviri miviri yeMMR, yakaparadzaniswa nemazuva makumi maviri nemasere.
Malariya
Mukuwedzera pakusimuka-kusvika-pane-zvekare pamakemikari, vana vanoenda kumarariya-nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogonawo kudiwa kutora mishonga yekudzivirira kuitira kuti varege kurwara kana vakagumburwa nemuchetu ane utachiona.
Zvinoshamisa kuti marariya-nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoputika chikamu chikuru chepasi, kusanganisira zvikamu zvikuru zveCentral America, South America, zvikamu zveCaribbean, Africa (kunyanya sub-Saharan Africa), South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Eastern Europe , uye South Pacific.
ICDC inopa ruzivo rwemarariya nenyika kuti ikubatsire iwe nevana vako kuziva kana vana vako vanoda malaria prophylaxis vasati vafamba.
Ramba uchifunga kuti:
- Kutanga uye yechipiri-dzinza vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nemhuri dzavo dziri kudzokera kunyika yavo yekubva uye kushanyira shamwari nemhuri dzinowanzofungidzirwa kuti dziri pangozi yekutapukirwa kwemarariya.
- Imwe mishonga inoshandiswa pakudzivirira kwemaarariya inowanzoenderana nekuenda kwauri kuenda, sezvo dzimwe nzvimbo dzine mazinga ekudzivirira chloroquine kana Lariam (mefloquine).
- Doxycycline, mishonga isingadhuri yemapirisa inotorwa kamwe chete pazuva, haigone kupiwa vana vasati vasvika makore masere.
- Lariam inofanirwa nokuti inotorwa kamwe kamwe pavhiki, asi iwe unofanira kutanga kwayo mavhiki maviri usati waenda uye vamwe vabereki vanetseka pamusoro pezvivhiringidza zveLariam.
- Malarone (Atovaquone / Proguanil) inofanirwa kuregererwa zvakanaka, ine madhara mashoma, asi inofanira kutorwa zuva roga roga uchifamba uye inogona kudhura.
- Mishonga yekudzivirira marariya inouya semapirisi, izvo zvinogona kuva dambudziko kuvana vaduku vasingakwanisi kumedza mapiritsi asi zvakadaro. Sezvo iyi mishonga inowanzova inorwadza, CDC inopa zano kuti vabereki vanovhenganisa mahwendefa emapulverized nechinhu chinotapira, zvakadai seapuloauce, chocolate syrup, kana jelly. Unyanzvi wako wemishonga anogonawo kuvhara mapiritsi uye kuvasanganisa mujeriti mapiritsi kana mwana wako achida kutora 1/4 kana 1/2 piritsi kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti anowana chirongwa chakakodzera.
Ivawo nechokwadi chekushandisa zvipembenene zvezvipembenene , zvipfeko zvakakodzera, nemabheti emabhedha kuitira kuti usapinda muteko uye nekurumwa kwezvipembenene.
Kufamba Utano Manyevero
ICDC inobudisa mazano ekufambisa kwehutano, zvakadai sokuti SARS inopararira muAsia kare muna 2003, iyo inokurudzira kuti vafambi vadzokezve vasingafariri kufamba.
Vanoparidzirawo zvakajairika, asi zvishoma zvisingabatsiri kubuda zviratidzo uye kutarisirwa kwehutano hwekufamba uye kuchenesa vanhu nezvehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwevatano uye kuti vanogona kuderedza sei dambudziko ravo.
Mukuwedzera kune maCDC ekufambisa kwehutano hwehutano, Dhipatimendi rehurumende yeUnited States inonyora urongwa hwekufambisa kwemazuva ano.
Vabereki vanogona kutarisa mazano ekufambisa asati agadzirira rwendo nevana vavo.
Mamwe mazano
Mukuwedzera pakuratidza kuti inshuwarano yehutano ichafukidza vana vako paunofamba uye iwe unoziva kuti ungaenda kupi kana vana vako vachirwara, mamwe mazano ezvehutano anofambira uye zvinhu zvaunofanira kuziva zvinosanganisira:
- Kuwedzera kune dhipatimendi rehutano hwekuno kana kuti kliniki yega yega yekufambira, iwe unogona kuwana chirwere chemuromo chinonzi typhoid uye zvimwe zvirwere zvekufamba kubva kunharaunda yemunharaunda ine chiremba kubva kuchipatara chako.
- Chirwere chemafu muSouth Hemisphereka kazhinji chinowanikwa kubva munaEpril kusvika munaSeptember, apo iwe unogona kuwana chirwere ichi nguva ipi zvayo yegore mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinotyisa uye dzepasi.
- Mishonga yepachirongwa yekudzivirira kufamba kwechirwere, kufanana ne scopolamine patch, haibvumirwi kushandiswa muvana, avo vanogona kutora mahwendefa eDamamine chewable panzvimbo iyo.
- Kuti udzikise mwana wako pangozi yehutachiona hwemhanyi, shandisa mvura yakachena yekunwa uye yechando yekizi, kushambidza mazino avo, kana kusanganisa mwana, uye zvimwe.
- Mukuwedzera kwezuva nezuva uye nemishonga ipi, mwana wako anotora nguva dzose, anounza mishonga yekurapa kuti uchengetedze zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa, zvakadai seacetaminophen uye ibuprofen (kurwadziwa uye kuderedza fever) uye Benadryl (itching uye kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvinogadziriswa).
- Vana vanofungidzirwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda kuti dziri pangozi yakakwirira yekurwara chirwere, izvo zvinogona kuitika kana kushanyira nzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro (kazhinji kunopfuura mamita 8 000), zvisati zvatanga kutaridzirwa kumazinga ezasi e oksijeni munzvimbo dzakakwirira (staged ascents).
- Kana scuba diving nevana vako iri muzvirongwa zvako, ramba uchifunga mupfungwa dzako kuti nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinokurudzira pamusoro pokurega vana vane asthma scuba dive. Uyezve, kunyange zvazvo mamwe masangano, akadai seUnited Association of Dive Instructors, vanoti vana vaduku sezera remakore gumi vanogona kudzidza kuisa scuba dive, vamwe, vakadai seSouth Pacific Undersea Medical Society, vanopa makore mashoma makore 16.
- Iva nechokwadi chekuudza chiremba wevana pamusoro pekufambisa kwemazuva mashoma kana vana vako vachirwara mushure mokudzokera kumusha kubva kurwendo rwechangobva kubuda kunze kwenyika, kunyanya kana vane fever uye / kana kuputika, kunyange kana vhiki kana mwedzi gare gare.
Rwendo runobva kunze kwenyika runogona kuva mhuri yakakura yezororo, kunyanya kana kushanyira mhuri neshamwari iyo vana vako vasati vasangana nazvo. Usarega dambudziko rehutano hwekufamba richikuparadza.
Sources
CDC. Information Health for International Travel (Yellow Book) 2010.