Kremlin Policies Fuel An Ever Disperate Epidemic
IRussian Federation, ine nyika 17 dzakasiyana, inokonzerwa nehutachiwana hweHIV huri kutora mararamiro ayo munzvimbo yose kubva mune zvehutano hwehupfumi nehupfumi.
Munharaunda, Russia inowanikwa kaviri kuenzana kweUnited States ine pasi pehafu yevanhu (inenge mamiriyoni 143). Kubva pamaonero eHIV, Russia inoshamisa inopfurikidza neUnited States muhuwandu hwehutachiona hutsva, pamwe chete nevazhinji vavakidzani vavo muWestern Europe.
Kunyange zvazvo nhamba yehutachiona hweHIV inonzi inenge iri mamiriyoni 1.1, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti chiyero chacho chinogona kunge chave pedyo nemamiriyoni matatu. Kana izvi zvikaitika, kupararira kweHIV muRussia kwaizova kanomwe kanomwe yeUnited States (iyo iye zvino ine huwandu hwepamusoro pe 0.6 muzana).
Zvatinoziva zvakajeka ndezvokuti, zvichibva kuRussia epidemiological statistics, chirwere ichi chave chichiwedzera pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri apfuura, ichiwedzera ne 250 kubva muna 2001.
Vagari vemuHarare
Kuisa chirwere ichi mumamiriro ezvinhu, mumwe anofanirwa kuongorora Russia kubva pakuona kwevanhu vari pangozi yehuwandu uye kukwanisa kwayo kugadzirisa kuparadza kwe HIV.
Kubvira ipapo, Russia inotarisana nedambudziko rakawanda revanhu sevakaberekerwa vacheche vari shure kwevakafa. Vagari vakwegura, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwekufa kwevarume vanoshanda-vakomana nekuda kwekudhakwa, chirwere chemwoyo, neHIV, zvakakonzera kuipa kwehuwandu hwevanhu.
Uku kukura kwakashata kunotarisirwa kuderedza vanhu veRussia ne20 muzana kana kupfuura pamusoro pemakore makumi mashanu anotevera.
Uyezve, mhinduro yeRussia kune chirwere ichi chave ichirasika, kunyanya maererano nechepamusoro pamatambudziko evanhu. Ikoko World Health Organization inorayira kuti 90 muzana yevanhu vari pangozi ( injecting drug users , varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume , vashandi vezvepabonde) vanowana kuongororwa kweHIV nekupa mazano, iyo yakawanda inoparidzirwa nehupfumi hafu iyo.
Izvi ndezvechokwadi munyika dzakadai seTajikistan (54 muzana), Kyrgyzstan (36 muzana), uye Uzbekistan (29 muzana).
Nhoroondo yeHIV muRussia
Utachiona hweHIV hwakatanga kuve sangano rehutano hwehutano pakupera kwa1986. Nyaya yekutanga yakaonekwa muRussia murume uyo akabata chirwere ichi paAfrica. Akabva ataura kuti akaendesa chirwere ichi kumasoja 15 eSoviet aakaita naye zvepabonde.
Nokuti mitemo yepachivande yakanga isipo muSoviet Republic, mazita eavo vane utachiona akaparadzirwa zvikuru kuburikidza nehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, iyo yakaseka varume vacho kurarama "mararamiro ehuori" ayo akatungamirira kuhosha yavo. Ichokwadi kuti ungochani hwakange husingabvumirwi nemutemo (uye hunoramba huri pasi pemutemo weRussia weBritain BHBT) yakashanda kukanganisa varume pamwe chete nehosha yacho pachayo.
Mukupera kwema1980, kuongororwa kweAIDS kwakakodzera kwakatangwa muSoviet Union, iyo yaiwanzoitwa pasina kubvumirwa kana ruzivo rwemunhu ari kuedzwa. Pakazosvika 1991, vanhu vanopfuura 142 mamiriyoni vakanga vaongororwa, zvichida hapana chakanga chisingazivikanwi.
Miedzo yakanaka yakaitwa nehasha nemabasa anorwadza akaitwa kuti azive (uye anowanzozivisa) nzira yehutachiona kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune inotevera.
Pakutanga kwema1990 yakaona chikwata chekugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika muSoviet Union, kukonzera dambudziko reHIV mumumvuri.
Kune dzimwe nyika mabhuku ekudzivirira HIV, akamboshandurirwa muchiRussia, aisagona kuwanikwa munyika. Mishandirapamwe yekudzivirira yevanhu yakaguma kuvapo panguva iyo vakawanda vanofunga kuti ndiyo nguva yeRussia "zvekuita zvepabonde." Nekukwirirana kwekushandisa mushonga wezvinodhaka munzvimbo yose, chirwere cheHIV chakanga chasara chisina kuongororwa, uye chirwere ichi chakapararira semoto unopisa kuburikidza kunyange munzvimbo dziri kure zvikuru.
Nekusimudzirwa kweRussian Federation of States yakanga ichangobva kuzvimirira, masangano eAIDS anorayira kukosha kwevatungamiri vemitemo uye kunyange mari shoma. Masangano mashoma pakati pemasangano mashoma eHIV aivapo akaita kuti pave nehuwandu hwemashoko makuru kune mamwe masangano nevarapi pasi.
Chinhu Chekutyisidzira Vanhu muRussia
Chirwere muRussia chakasiyana nezvakaonekwa muUnited States uye kuMadokero kweEurope maererano nehuwandu hwevanhu huri kuchinjwa. Iko kunowanzofungidzira matambudziko muCentral Asia neEastern Europe, umo zvirwere zvinopararira mumigwagwa yekutengesa inoita kuti mutengesi wemishonga.
Somugumisiro weizvi, zvinenge makumi mana kubva muzana zvehutachiona hwose ndevamwe vanovhiringidza vashandisi vezvinodhaka (IDUs), pamwe nekufungidzira kuisa huwandu kune imwe nzvimbo pakati pevanhu vane mamiriyoni maviri nematatu (kana zvinenge zviviri kusvika ku3 muzana yevanhu veRussia). Somugumisiro wemitemo yeRussia inorambidza kuwanikwa kweesingano nemishonga, kugoverana kwezvinhu izvi kunoonekwa sejairika.
Kuwedzeredza dambudziko nderokuti, nokuti kuvhara kushandisa zvinodhaka kunorangwa nemutemo, vashandisi vanowanzoramba kuwana hurongwa hwehutano kunyange kunyanya kutarisirwa. Zvose izvi zvinosanganiswa zvakaguma nehutachiwana hutachiwana hutachiwana hweHIV pakati peVIDU dzeanenge imwe muvana, 80 muzana yevari pasi pemakore makumi matatu.
Dambudziko iri mujeri rinotendwa kuti rakapfurikidza, zvose zvichibva pamagariro akabatanidzwa uye pabonde pasina kondomu pakati pevasungwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvakafanana pakati pevashandi vebasa rekuita zvepabonde (CSWs) , nekunyoresa kutyaira varume nevakadzi vechidiki CSWs kubva kuongororwa kana kuporerwa.
Panguva iyi, chirwere ichi pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) chinoratidzira iyo yenyika dzakawanda nekushaiwa kwekuchengetedza kwekuchengetedza hutachiona hwehutachiwana huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Somugumisiro, uwandu hwehutachiona hutsva pakati pevarume nevarume vanoita zvepabonde hunowanzoonekwa sekusara kusingatariswi, pasinei nekuwedzera kwezvirongwa zvekudzivirira MSM mune dzakawanda mumaguta.
Zvinonyadzisa, kuwanikwa kwe antiretroviral therapy (ART) mune izvi zvinokosha zvinoramba zvichiri pasi, kunyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nekukwira mune mamwe mapoka uye nzvimbo (kusanganisira Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, uye Uzbekistan).
Nzira Iri Mberi
Kusiyana kunyange zvikamu zvakanyanya-zvakaoma zveAfrica, nhamba yehutachiona hweHIV huri muRussia inoramba ichikwira, ichichera maitiro emarudzi ose. Somugumisiro, kuwedzera kweVAR uye dzimwe zvirongwa zvekudzivirira HIV, kunyanya kwevanhu vanobatanidzwa zvikuru, ndezvokutanga zvakanyanya.
Asi, kusvikira hutungamiri hweRussia pasi peVladimir Putin nekodzero yehupfumi hwehutano, hutachiona hwehutano hwehutano, nemitemo iyo inotarisa avo vane HIV, iyo nzira inotarisa inotarisa zvinoshamisa.
Sources:
Sangano reUnited Nations pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). " 2012 Gwaro reNUNIDS World AIDS Day Report. " Geneva, Switzerland; yakabudiswa musi waDecember 1, 2012.
World Health Organization (WHO). "Kufambira mberi Nhoroondo Yegore 2011: Kupindura kweHIV neAIDS ." Geneva, Switzerland; yakabudiswa musi waNovember 30, 2011.
UNAIDS. " Republic of Moldova Progress Report pamusoro peHIV / AIDS ." Yakabudiswa musi waDecember 1, 2014.