Kunzwisisa Nzira Dzakakwana Izvo Zvingaita Kuti Kuwedzere Utachiona hweHIV
Imwe yezvinonyanya kukosha zvehutano hwehutano hwehutachiona ndiyo hutachiwana hweHIV kune vakadzi nevamwe avo vasina simba muhukama hwepabonde, vachivaisa pangozi yakawanda yehutachiona. Aya masimba anogona kazhinji kuti ataure kuti ndiani anoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pezviito zvepabonde zvimwe, kana zvakanyanya zvakadaro, ndiani ane kodzero yekuita zvisarudzo. Ndicho chinhu chinoramba chichitambudza vakadzi pasi pose nhasi.
Kuenzanisa kwegender-based based power, zvose zvehupfumi uye zvepfungwa, zvinoratidzirwa kudzivisa kukwanisa kwemukadzi kutaurirana zvepabonde. Maererano nekutsvakurudza kunobva kusingabatsiri Primary Care Development Corporation, icho chimwe chikonzero chinongopindirana nekuderedza kushandiswa kwekondomu-zvishoma ne48% muvakadzi vanoongorora. Kuita zvepanyama, zvepabonde, uye kwepfungwa kunongobatanidza nyaya yacho.
Kukanganisa kwehutano hwepabonde kunogona kutamba nenzira dzakawanda, zvisinei, kusanganisira:
- Societal mitemo inoratidzira mabasa ehutano chaiwo.
- Chivimbiso kana chidikanwi chekusigirwa kwezvemari
- Kusina magwaro kana dzidzo (chiyero chacho chakakwirira pakati pevakadzi kupfuura varume).
- Kuvhiringidzika kwevakadzi vanoita zvepabonde kana vasina kuroorwa.
- Mitsika inoshandisa nzira dzinowanzoisa varume kupfuura vakadzi.
- Kugamuchirwa kwehutano hwevarume vakwegura / vakadzi vechidiki hukama (iyo, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, inobatanidza nepamusoro yehutachiona hweHIV kuvakadzi vane makore 15-24).
Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti mukadzi ave nekwaniso yekukurukura zvepabonde zvakachengeteka, kunyanya kana tsika dzetsika dzekuroorana, kubereka, uye amai vari kumusoro.
HIV uye Chisimba Kuvakadzi
Nyaya inogona kunyanya kuwedzerwa kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde, zvekumba, kana zvepfungwa, nedzimwe dzidzo dzinoratidza kuti kubva kune 10 kubva kune 60% yevakadzi vanobatwa pasi rose.
Saizvozvowo dambudziko ndiro dambudziko mazuva ano, mune dzimwe nyika seSouth Africa, gore rekubata chibharo rakaziviswa kuti rakakura se17% (kana rinenge rimwe chete pavakadzi vatanhatu). Muna sampuli ya2007 yevarume vekuSouth Africa vepanyika yeKwaZulu neEast Eastern Cape, vanhu vanopfuura 25% vakabvuma kuti vakabata chibharo mumwe munhu, asi hafu yevaya vakabvuma kudarika vakadzi vanopfuura rimwe chete.
Kurwisana kwehupombwe nekudzvinyirirwa kwevakadzi kunowedzera hutachiwana hweHIV nenzira dzakasiyana siyana:
- Kukanganiswa kwepabonde kunogona kubvarura utachiona hwemukati hwemadzimai kana anus, huchipa nzira iri nyore yekuwana yehutachiona.
- HIV inowanzova nehukonzero-uye-hukama hukama hwechisimba, umo hutachiona hunogona kuitika semugumisiro wechisimba, apo chisimba chinowanzoitwa pamusoro pemukadzi ane HIV (somuenzaniso, nemumwe wako kana nhengo yemhuri).
- Kuita zvepabonde kunoparadza kunowanzobatanidzwa nehutano hwepabonde hwekutanga.
Kutaura nezveGender Inequities
Maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO), 52% chete yenyika dzakashuma kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvevakadzi nezveHIV neAIDS sechikamu chemazano avo enyika, nepo zvishoma zviri kuitwa kuti zvigadzirise nyaya huru dzine chokuita nekusaenzana mumatambudziko emari uye support; kusvika kumhizha uye kudzidzira unyanzvi; uye kudzivirirwa nekusimudzira kodzero dzefa.
Pasina kodzero yekugadzirisa nyaya idzi dzezvemagariro evanhu, mhinduro kubva pamaonero eHIV / AIDS inowanzotorwa. Izvi hazvirevi kuti nzira dzehutachiona hweHIV hadzisi kuongororwa kana kushandiswa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinokurudzira ndezvokuti microbicidal intravaginal ring inonzi NuvaRing , iyo inogona kukwanisa kuvhara HIV munguva yepabonde uye inorambidzwa mumudzimai kwemazuva makumi matatu.
Mishonga yakaita seyi inoonekwa kunge iri mberi kune maitiro ekudzivirira asati apfuura, akawanda ayo asina kupa vakadzi nenzira yekuziva kuzvidzivirirwa kana kuti inoda zvakawanda munzira yekuchengetedza zuva nezuva (chimwe chinhu chakaoma kuwana muchivande) .
Panguva iyi, kushandiswa patsva kwekushandiswa kwekondomu yevakadzi (kana kuti "vakadzikadzi") iri kuitwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nechiedza chakareruka, chinotyisa, uye zvisingadhuri zvinopinda munzvimbo yakawanda. Pakati pavo pane zvitsva zvakadai seChondomiti yevakadzi , iyo inowanikwa semakumbo uye inowedzera mukati memudzimai; uye iyo-silicon-based Origami Female Condom , iyo inofananidzwa sezvakaitwa accordion uye inogona kupa kukurudzira kune vose murume nemukadzi.
Gender Dynamics Inogona Kuita Varume, Nokudaro
Pamusoro peflip, hutungamiri hwevanhu hunogonawo kumanikidzira kuti murume anobata sei muukama hwepabonde. Kunyange zvazvo vakadzi vachiwanzoonekwa se "vatauriri" muhukama-kwete chete newavo, asi nevamwe vakadzi vanogovera mazano ekurara pabonde-varume vanowanzotarisirwa kuva vane ruzivo uye "vane ruzivo" pamusoro pepabonde. Chero zvipingamupinyi munharaunda yekudzidzisa zvepabonde (kusanganisira kusakwanisa kutsvaga mazano pamusoro pemashandisirwo akanaka emakondomu ) kunogona kukonzera ngozi yakawanda yekuti iye nemumwe wake.
Muchikwata chepakati chechikamu chakaitwa neEmory University, vadzidzi vevakadzi vekukoloni vakabvunzwa kurangarira kushandiswa kwekondomu kwavo mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura. Chidzidzo chacho chakawana icho
- 60% havana kutaurirana nezvekondomu nevanoita navo zvepabonde;
- 42% iise makondomu mushure mokunge watanga zvepabonde;
- 15% vakabvisa makondomu vasati vapedza zvepabonde;
- 40% haana kusiya nzvimbo pamucheto wekondomu ;
- 30% akaisa kondomu kumucheto pasi peni;
- 33% vakarondedzera vakatsika kana kuputsa makondomu panguva dzepabonde, uye;
- 42% vaida kushandisa kondomu asi havana kuwana chero panguva iyo.
Kunyange pakati pevaya vakashandisa makondomu, vazhinji vakataurira kuti vakaita saizvozvo pakumbiro kweavo vaaida navo, iyo dzimwe nguva yaionekwa semashoko ekunyunyuta kana kusavimbika.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kukanganisa kukuru kunofanira kuiswa pamazano anokurudzira kuongororwazve kwemaonero ekuratidza zvepabonde, kutarisa kugoverana kwekugoverana nekuita zvisarudzo mukati mehukama hwepabonde.
Sources:
Gollub, E. "Kusarudzira Kupa Simba: Kuita Sangano Nekudzivirira Utachiona hweHIV muvakadzi." Mhuri Dzakagadziriswa Pfungwa Pakati. December 2006; 32 (4): 209-212.
Higgins, A .; Hoffman, S .; uye Dworkin, S. "Kuongororazve hutano, Heterosexual Men, uye Kuvhiringidzika kwevakadzi kuHIV / AIDS." American Journal of Public Health. March 2010; 100 (3): 435-445.
Judake, R .; Sikweyiya, Y ;; Morrell, R .; et al. "Kunzwisisa hutano hwevanhu uye kushandisa zvechisimba: Interface yeRape uye HIV muSouth Africa." Research Research Medical Council Muchidimbu. Pretoria, South Africa; July 2009.
Pulerwitz, J .; Amaro, J .; De Jong, W .; et al. "Simba reHurano, Kondomu Kushandiswa uye Chetachiwana Chetachiona pakati pevakadzi muU.SA." AIDS Care. December 2002; 14 (6): 789-800.
World Health Organization (WHO). "Kusiyana kwepabonde uye HIV." Geneva, Switzerland.