Migumisiro yaRoe v. Wade
Mutongo weRo (unotemwa kubva kune imwe nyaya yakabva muna 1973) yakachengetedza kodzero yekusvibisa uye kubvumidzwa kwekubvisa pamuviri . Makore makumi matatu apfuura kubva kuna Roe v. Wade vakaunza mugove wavo wakanaka wezvematongerwe enyika uye mutsika, asi zvinoita sekuti makore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu anotevera anogona kuvimbisa zvakanyanya. Kune vakadzi vazhinji, kodzero yekubvisa pamuviri inomiririra kupfuura kungova nekodzero yekuita sevamwe sezvakachengetedzwa nemutemo wedu.
Ichi chirevo chakapa vakadzi kuti vave nekwanisi kutora nguva yavo yeramangwana, mhuri yakagadzirirwa, mabasa, uye chinangwa.
Dare Repamusorosoro harifaniri kudzoka kubva kutongi rayo muna Roe v. Wade pasinei nekuratidzwa nemikana yakawanda pamusoro pemakore apfuura. Kutaura zvazviri, mutemo wepamutemo wekutonga kwaRo kwave kutyisidzirwa nezviito zvakasiyana-siyana mumatare nematare edzimhosva ndokupa mikana yakawanda yeDare rekufunga kuparadza Roe v. Wade . Bhuku reBush Administration rakanga rave rakapomerwa mhosva yekutungamirira kwakakomba kuderedza kodzero dzekubereka. Muna 2003, Mutungamiri George W. Bush akasayira kurambidzwa kwebumbiro rekutanga kubva kubvisa pamuviri, izvo zvinorambidza nzira yeInact Dilation uye Extraction (D & X) kubvisa pamuviri. Kunyangwe urambidzwa urwu rwakatumidzwa nenzira yepamutemo "Kurambana-Kuberekwa Kubvisa Kubvisa Bumbiro reMutemo wa2003," zvakakosha kuratidza kuti nzira yacho yakanyatsozivikanwa mune zvezvehutano seIntact D & X.
"Kubvisa pamuviri" kunoreva izwi rezvematongerwo enyika, kwete chiremba. Zvadaro, muna 2004, Imba yeVamiririri yakaparidzira Vasati Vaberekwa Bhuku reMhirizhonga, iyo yekutanga, yakagadzwa mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika, fetus semunhu wepamutemo ane kodzero dzakasiyana nedzimwe dzevakadzi vane pamuviri.
Kunyange zvazvo ramangwana raRo v. Wade ringave risina kunyatsojeka, zvinoita sokuti chisarudzo, sechose, hachizogoni kuputswa. Zvichida kana kwete ikozvino Supreme Court dzemhosva dzinotsigira chisarudzo chaRo, nhoroondo yakaratidza kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vezvematongerwo enyika vane muitiro wokuti vaende kuna Roe v. Wade , panzvimbo pokutsoropodza zviri pachena.
Nhoroondo yakave yatiratidzawo kuti Dare Repamusorosoro haringawanzoiti pakarepo kusarudzwa nemitemo yayo yapfuura. Zvinogona kupikiswa kuti gakava uye nharo dzakagadziriswa kwemakore kubvira apo chisarudzo cheRo chichanyanya kuodza mwoyo Dare pakuronga kutonga kunoshamisa kune avo vane hanya nekodzero dzevakadzi. Kunyange zvazvo chisarudzo chaRo chauya sechinhu chisingatarisirwi uye chinoshamisa kune avo vaitarisira mutemo kuchengetedza hupenyu hwomukomana, zvinoita sezvisingabviri kuti Dare richapa rimwe chisarudzo chisina simba panyaya iyi.
Kana zvakadaro, vanyori venhau dzakaitika uye nyanzvi vanofanotaura kuti pane kungokunda chisarudzo cheRo, vatongi vanogona kungowedzera mamiriro ekubvisa pamuviri-izvo zvichange zvichange zvichitambidzwa mukupa-uye-kutora maitiro emutemo. Kana izvi zvaizoitika, mamwe matongerwo emitemo uye maitiro edzimhosva angangotanga kuedza kuedza kuve nekuenzanisa kwakanaka pakati pekodzero dzevakadzi vane pamuviri uye kuchengetedzwa kwemucheche.
Nokudaro, tinogona kuona zvimwe zvinogamuchirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu emutemo ekubvisa pamuviri kunyanya kana masangano eparamende anopiwa simba rekubudisa maitiro avo ekubvisa pamuviri. Izvo zvichiti, kunyange kana Dare rinopedzisira rawedzera chirevo chayo pamusoro pekubvisa pamuviri, zvinoratidzika seine chibvumirano pamusoro pechirevo chokuti chero mutemo unobvumira kubvisa pamuviri kuchengetedza hupenyu hwemukadzi ane pamuviri unoramba usingatenderwi nomutemo.
Roe v. Wade aiva, uye anoenderera mberi kuva, iyo nyaya yakanamatira zvikuru iyo inopinda mitemo ine chokuita nekubvisa pamuviri. Iyi nyaya yepamusoro yeDare Repamusorosoro ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakakakavara dzedare dzese nguva.
Makore anopfuura makumi matatu mushure mokunge Roe akakavadzana uye akasarudza, vanhu vose muUnited States vari kuedza kupedzisa chisarudzo pamwe nekurwa kuti chirambe chakasimba. Kubvira pakusarudza kwaRo, tave tichipupurira kukakavadzana kunobatanidza kodzero dzekuberekwa chete nekodzero dzekubvisa pamuviri uye kudzivirira kutora kusingafungirwi . Pasinei nokuedza kwakawanda nevanomanikidza kuti vawedzere hurukuro, nharo dzezvematongerwe enyika pamusoro pekodzero dzekuberekera dzinogara dzichifunga nezvekubvisa pamuviri, kubata pamuviri , nekudzidzisa zvepabonde , asi kusaregeredza zvimwe zvekubatsira kodzero dzekubereka, zvakadai sekudiwa kwevakadzi vanoda kuramba vachiita mimba yavo (nekusimudza vana), kusarudzwa kwembryo kana vakadzi vanotambura kusununguka.
Semuenzaniso, vazhinji vane pamuviri vane huwandu hwakawanda sezvo vamwe vakaroorana vanoenda kune in vitro-fertilization senzira yekukunda kusapera. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti vazhinji vane pamuviri vakawanda vanosimudza ngozi dzehutano kune vose amai nevana. Uyezve, kukwidza kuwanda kunogona kukonzera huwandu hwakawanda hwekunetseka mupfungwa, kuneta uye kushungurudzika kwezvemari zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa kumhuri uye / kana sangano. Asi, pasi peRo decision, vakadzi vanobvumirwa kuita zvisarudzo zvavo pamusoro pezvinoitika nemitumbi yavo. Chii chinoitika, zvino, kana mukadzi achisarudza kuenderera mberi nekugadziriswa kwembamu iyo inosanganisira kutora mazai mashanu kana kupfuura panguva yaVIV (kunyange mushure mekunge anyatsoziva nezvekubatsirwa uye njodzi dzekudzivirira pamuviri)? Anofanira here kuva nekodzero yekuita sarudzo iyi (pasi peRo v v. Wade , iye anoita), kana kuti chiremba anofanira kunge ane hanya pamusoro pehutano chaihwo hwehutano hwemucheche kune vacheche vana vose vanofanira kutora nekuvandudza (saka, vasingabvumiri kutumira)?
Nyaya dzakadai seizvi dzinoda kuiswa munhaurirano pamusoro pekodzero yekubereka. Nekufambira mberi kweIVF, mazamu anogona kuongororwa kuti angave anokonzerwa nemararamiro kana chromosomal. Embryo inogonawo kuongororwa zvepabonde. Ko mamwe mazai aya anofanira kubviswa (uye kwete kuiswa) nekuda kwekuti vanoedza kuve nehutano hwechirwere kana kuti ndevamwe vanhukadzi? Kana kubvisa pamuviri kunobvumirwa pane chero mamiriro ezvinhu mukati mekutanga kwemaviri matatu ekudzivirira, vakadzi vanofanirawo kusarudza kubvisa mamwe embryo (chero chikonzero) uye vasina kuendeswa
Sezvatinopinda muzana remakore gumi, chisarudzo chaRo, kuchengetedza vakadzi rusununguko rwekusarudza kana rwuri pamusoro pemitumbi yavo, zvingada kujekeswa zvakare. Ndeipi iyo mutsara inofanira kutorwa kana iri pamusoro pekodzero yemukadzi yekuzvisarudzira, kana kuti haafaniri kuva nemutsetse wakadaro uriko? Nharo yakakonzerwa naRoe v. Wade yakadzika kudarika kubvisa pamuviri . Sei tsika yedu yakaenzana nepfungwa ye "chisarudzo" sekufanana nekubvisa pamuviri?
Zvichida, isu tose tinoda kuyeuka kuti chisarudzo chaicho chinoreva simba kana simba rokusarudza - sevakadzi, tinogona kusarudza kuroora, kuwana basa, kuita zvepabonde uye kuva vanaamai. Chikamu chechisarudzo ichocho chinogona kunge chiri kunonoka kubereka, kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekubata pamuviri kana kubvisa pamuviri. Upenyu hwakazadzwa nesarudzo dzinofanira kuitwa.
Sezvo Roe v. Wade chisarudzo muna 1973, pane vakadzi vanopfuura mamiriyoni 45 muUnited States vakasarudza kuchengeteka, kubvisa pamuviri. Kwemakumi matatu emakore gare gare, chisarudzo ichi chinokosha chinoramba chichingova chimwe chezvinhu zvakapikisana zvikuru nguva dzose. Hazvingave zvine musoro here kufunga kuti iyi yose yepro-choice / pro--mharo mharo inogona kunge iine misoro miviri yemari imwe chete? Kune avo vanoda kugadzirisa nyaya iyi chete nezvekubvisa pamuviri, kubata pamuviri, uye pamuviri usina kurongwa , pasinei nekutenda kwemweya mune tsika dzekubvisa pamuviri, zvingave zvisina hanya kusateerera chokwadi. Kune mamiriyoni matatu ekuzvitakura zvisina kurongwa muUnited States gore rose.
Tsvakurudzo inoremekedzwa inoramba ichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kwekushandisa kwekudzivirira kubata pamuviri kunoguma nekudzikisa kubvisa pamuviri mazinga. Izvozvi, maererano neAmerican College of Obstetricians uye Gynecologists, hafu yevakadzi vose vachitsvaka kubvisa pamuviri kokutanga vakanga vasingashandisi chero mhando ipi yekudzivirira kubata pamuviri pavakabata mimba. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba yenyika yekubvisa pamuviri iri pasi, kuberekwa kwevechidiki kuyaruka .
Tine zvese-pro-sarudzo uye mapurogiramu ehupenyu-anotsigira nzvimbo dzavo, kuratidzira uye kuratidzira kutsigira zuva rega rega. Ndizvo zvakaoma kuregera maagendas uye KUZIVISA kuti isu tose tinobvumirana nechinangwa chimwechete - kuderedza nhamba yekubvisa pamuviri. Hazvikwanisi kurambwa kuti kuberekwa nekubvisa pamuviri zvose zvinomiririra dzimwe nzira dzekuzadzisa chinangwa chimwechete: kudzivirira vana vasingadiwi . Panzvimbo pokukakavadzana nezvehupombwe hwekubvisa pamuviri, kuedza kunofanira kuitwa kugadzirisa matanho ekudzivirirwa kwepamuviri asina kutarisira.
Pane shoko rinotaura "Kurwisana Nokubvisa pamuviri? Usava Newe." Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti, kana zvasvika kune iyo, zvose Roe v. Wade zvaita zvinopiwa vakadzi vane rusarudzo. Izvo isu tose tinoita nechisarudzo ichocho uye tiri voga. Kusvikira kutsanangurirwa mberi kwakagadzirirwa kuti chii chaicho chiri pasi pekodzero yemukadzi yekuzvisarudzira, chisarudzo chaRo chima. Uye kunyange zvazvo, munyika yakakwana, isu tose taigona kushanda pamwe chete kuti tive nechinangwa chimwe chete, Roe v. Wade vacharamba vachikwikwidza apo vanhu vacharamba vakapatsanurwa uye vakatsunga kuparadzira mararamiro avo nenzira ipi zvayo.