Kubvisa pamuviri Mashoko
Paunenge uchiita chisarudzo pamusoro pekuita kwako pamuviri, zvinokosha kuti uve nechivimbo chekubvisa pamuviri chokwadi. Kubvisa pamuviri inzira iyo mukadzi anosarudza kupedza pamuviri wake. Kuberekwa kusina kurongeka kunonyanya kunetseka kunobata zviuru zvevanhu gore rega rega. Inopfuura hafu yezvizvarwa zvemamiriyoni matanhatu zvichiitika gore negore muUnited States hazvina kurongwa.
Maererano nekuongorora kwakabudiswa muZvipfungwa pamusoro peHIV uye Reproductive Health , vanenge 50 muzana yevakadzi vakatarisana nekuzvitakura zvisina kurongwa vakanga vachinyatsoshandisa kubata pamuviri mukati memwedzi yavakatora. Kubvisa pamuviri ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika zvezvehutano zvakaitwa muUnited States sevana vanenge mamiriyoni 1.3 kubva pamuviri vanoitwa gore negore. Dhiyabhorosi inoratidza kuti vanopfuura 40% yevakadzi vose vachabvisa pamuviri nekubvisa pamuviri pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwavo hunobereka.
Brief Background
Muna 1973, mhosva yepamusoro-soro Roe v. Wade yakatonga kuti vakadzi vane kodzero yokubvisa pamuviri mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga (2 trimitaire) yekuzvitakura, saka zvichibvumidza kubvisa pamuviri. Dare rakaratidza kuti kubvisa pamuviri ibasa rakakosha pasi peStamende yeUnited States nekudzivisa kubvisa pamuviri kunopesana neChirongwa Chekuita Mutemo we 14th Amendment (iyo inodzivirira maitiro ehurumende kuti arambe kodzero yekuvimbika, kusanganisira mukadzi ane kodzero yekuregedza kubata kwake).
Dare rakaratidza kuti fetus isingasviki (iyo isingagoni kurarama kunze kwechizvaro) haisi munhu maererano nemitemo inoratidzwa muchikamu chimwe cheSineteen Amendment, kodzero dzokuti kodzero dzisina kukodzera hadzisi kushanda kune vasina kuberekwa. Kubva pakusarudza kwekutsvaga kwekambani iyi, mitemo yakawanda yehurumende neyematongerwo enyika yakarongwa kana kupfuudzwa.
Kubvisa pamuviri ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokakavadzana zvikuru uye zviri pamutemo mundima yemishonga.
Muna 2003, Mutungamiri George W. Bush akasayira kurambidzwa kwebumbiro rekutanga kubva kubvisa pamuviri, izvo zvinorambidza nzira yeInact Dilation uye Extraction (D & X) kubvisa pamuviri. Kunyangwe urambidzwa urwu rwuri mutemo rakatumidzwa kuti "Kurambana-Kuberekwa Kubvisa Bhuku Rinoshandiswa muna 2003," zvakakosha kuratidza kuti nzira yacho yakanyatsogamuchirwa munharaunda yezvehutano seIntact D & X; "Kubvisa pamuviri" kunoreva izwi rezvematongerwo enyika, kwete chiremba.
Apo Vakadzi Vanotsvaka Kubvisa Mimba
Inenge 88% yekubvisa pamuviri inoitwa mukati mekutanga kwemwedzi mitatu (3 mwedzi) yehutumbi. Inenge 59% inotora mukati memavhiki masere ekutanga ekudzivirira, 19% mumavhiki 9 kusvika ku10, uye 10% mumavhiki 11 kusvika ku12.
Inenge 10% yekubvisa pamuviri inoitika panguva yechipiri chetatu (6% muvhiki 13-15 uye 4% nevhiki 20). Pashure pemavhiki makumi maviri nemana ekuberekwa, kubvisa pamuviri kunongowanikwa chete nekuda kwezvikonzero zveutano zvakanyanya (uye nhoroondo yepasi pe1% yekubvisa pamuviri). Pamberi pekubvisa pamuviri zviri nyore, zvakachengeteka, uye zvinowanzove zvisingadhura kudarika kubvisa pamuviri zvichiitika mushure mekuita pamuviri.
Chokwadi uye Demographics
- Vakadzi vekuUnited States, vane makore makumi maviri nemaviri uye vaduku, vanodarika makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu evaya vanowana kubvisa pamuviri. Nhamba iyi inowedzera kuputsika ku: 19% yekubvisa pamuviri inowanikwa nevechiri kuyaruka, uye vakadzi vane makore 20 kusvika ku24 vanoverenga 33% yekubvisa pamuviri.
- Inenge 60% yekubvisa pamuviri inowanikwa nevakadzi vane mwana mumwechete.
- Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvekubvisa pamuviri zvinowanikwa kuvakadzi vasati varoora.
- Vakadzi vemarudzi ose emagariro evanhu uye dzinza dzakasarudzwa kuti dzibvise pamuviri: 78% yevakadzi vane chiitiko chekubvisa pamuviri vane chekubatana kwechitendero, 88% yevakadzi vanobvisa pamuviri vanogara mumaguta, uye 57% yevakadzi vanotsvaka kubvisa pamuviri ndeyemari vasingararami (vanogara pasi pehurumende paurombo hwehutano).
- Pamadzimai ekuwana kubvisa pamuviri, 54% vakanga vachishandisa nzira yekudzivirira kuberekwa panguva yavakave nepamuviri. Vakawanda vekudzivirira kwavo kwakabva pamakondomu achiputsa kana kushandiswa zvisina kunaka (49%) uye nekuda kwevakadzi vakashaya kushandisa mapiritsi ekuberekwa kwavo (76%).
- Hafu yevakadzi vose vachitsvaka kubvisa pamuviri kwekutanga vakanga vasina kushandisa chero nzira ipi zvayo yekudzivirira kubata pamuviri pavakaita pamuviri (pasinei nekubvumirana nevanoita navo zvepabonde nezvekusada kuva nepamuviri).
Kusarudza Kuwana Kubvisa pamuviri
Zvakakosha kuti mukadzi aite chisarudzo chakanaka paanofunga kubvisa pamuviri. Kukurukurirana zvaunogona kuita neshamwari kana kuvimbwa nevanovimba navo kana mhuri, pamwe chete nekupa mazano ekukurumidza kubata pamuviri, kunogona kubatsira mukusarudza chisarudzo chinoitwa nemukadzi. Vakadzi vanogona kuva nesarudzo pakati pemhando miviri kana kupfuura yekubvisa pamuviri zvichienderana nekuve kwemavhiki mashoma pamuviri. Nguva yakachengeteka yekubvisa pamuviri mavhiki masere kusvika gumi nematatu shure kwekupedzisira kwekuenda kwemwedzi. Munguva yakapfuura, pakanga pane kunetseka kuti kubvisa pamuviri kunogona kuwedzera mungozi yomukadzi wekenza yemazamu . Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvenguva ichangopfuura uye zvakanyatsoitwa, zvisinei, zvinoratidza kuti hapana kubatana pakati pokubvisa pamuviri uye kuva nekenza yemvere gare gare muupenyu.
Zvikonzero Zvinoita Kuti Vakadzi Vabvise Mimba
Chisarudzo chekubvisa pamuviri inowanzosarudzwa nezvikonzero zviviri zvakasiyana uye zvakabatana. Zvakakosha kuona kuti vakadzi vakawanda vanotarisana nechisarudzo ichi hazviiti kuti zvive nyore. Inowanzova nemweya yakawanda-kutsvaga, kufungisisa uye kuongorora mamiriro ese ezvinhu iyo sarudzo inoitwa. Kwemakore, tsvakurudzo yakaramba ichiratidza zvikonzero zvakafanana kubva kuvakadzi sekuti nei vakasarudza kubvisa pamuviri.
Nzira
Nzira dzose dzezvekurapa uye dzokuvhiya dziripo, asi dzakasiyana pane imwe nhanho yekudzivirira. Kazhinji, kana kamuviri kakapera masvondo manomwe, nzira yekuvhiya chete inogona kushandiswa. Chechipiri-trimester kubvisa pamuviri kunowanzoita nengozi dzakakwirira pane kutanga-trimester. Pasinei nokutenda kwakakurumbira, zvinokoshawo kuziva kuti American Psychological Association yaona kuti hakuna humwe uchapupu hwokuti kubvisa pamuviri kamwe chete kuchakonzera hutano hwepfungwa.
> Sources:
> Finer, Lawrence B. naLori F. Frohwirth, Lindsay A. Dauphinee, Susheela Singh naAnn F. Moore. " Zvikonzero US Vakadzi Vanobvisa Kubvisa Mimba: Zviyero uye Maonero Akakodzera ." Zvirongwa zvehutano hwehutano nekubereka . 2005, 37 (3): 110-118.
> Guttmacher Institute. (2007). Muchidimbu: Chokwadi pamusoro pekubvisa pamuviri kubviswa muUnited States .
> Jones, RK, Darroch, JE, & Henshaw SK (2002). "Kushandiswa kwemishonga pakati pevakadzi veUnited States kubvisa pamuviri muna 2000-2001." Zvirongwa zvehutano hwehutano nehutano, 34 (6) , 294-303.
> Paul, M. (1999). Muongorori wechiremba wekurapa uye kubvisa pamuviri . New York: Churchill Livingstone.
> Pichler, S. (2007). Kubvisa Mimba Kunopiwa Sei . Planned Parenthood.