Roe v. Wade yakatanga kuparidzwa musi waMay 23, 1970, muna Fifth Circuit Court muDallas pamberi pevatongi vatatu. Munguva iyoyo, kubvisa pamuviri kwakarongedzwa munzvimbo yehurumende. Roe v. Wade akazopopotedzana pamberi peDare Repamusorosoro. Iyi nhoroondo yepamutemo inorayirirwa kodzero yemukadzi yekubvisa pamuviri muUnited States rose. Chiitiko ichi chinoshamisa chakasvika sei?
Pamberi Penyaya YeRe v. Wade
Muna 1969, ava nemakore 22, Norma McCorvey akava nemimba. Akanga achangobva kurasikirwa nebasa rake, akanga ari murombo, uye akanga asingadi kuramba achiita nepamuviri wake. Mutemo weTexas unorambidzwa kubvisa pamuviri kunze kwekuchengetedza upenyu hwomukadzi. Norma McCorvey akaedza kutsvaga chiremba uyo aizoda kuita chibvumirano chisina kubvumirwa. Kunyange zvazvo asina kubudirira pakuwana chiremba, McCorvey anosangana naSarah Weddington naLinda Coffee - avo vaviri avo vanga vaine hanya nezvekuchinja mitemo yekubvisa pamuviri. Aya mareji aiedza kuwana mukadzi aida kubvisa pamuviri asi asina nzira kana mari yekuwana imwe. Vaida muchengeti uyo aizoramba ari pamuviri uye asingazofambi kune imwe nyika kana nyika apo kubvisa pamuviri kwaiva kwepamutemo. Norma McCorvey akachengetedza mutemo wacho zvakakwana, uye munguva pfupi ivo vakaiswa kuMcCorvey kuburikidza negweta rekugamuchira vana.
Texas Abortion Laws
Texas yakapfuura mutemo wayo unorambidza kubvisa pamuviri muna 1859.
Kufanana nemimwe mitemo yakadaro muUnited States, yakangoranga vanhu vanoita kana kuti vanopa nzira dzokubvisa pamuviri. Saka, kunyange zvazvo mutemo usingarangi mukadzi ari kuedza kukumbirisa chiremba wake kuti abvise pamuviri, Texas inopesana nemitemo yemutemo yakagadzira mhosva yevanhu vose vakapa kubvisa pamuviri kunze kwechinangwa chokuponesa hupenyu hwemai.
Uyezve, zvipatara zvinogona kurasikirwa nekambani yekushandisa yekubvumira kubvisa pamuviri zvisina kukodzera mukati mezvivako zvavo. Zvisinei, maTexas anti-abortion mitemo yakanga isinganzwisisiki mukugona kwavo kushandiswa kumamiriro ezvinhu umo vakadzi vanokumbira kubvisa pamuviri. Izvi zvakasiya vanachiremba uye zvipatara zvichida kuratidza chiyeuchidzo chakakwana kuti vasapomerwa mhosva. Zvaiita sokuti nyaya imwechete yakajeka yokubvisa pamuviri zviri pamutemo ndeyekuti kana pamuviri ungangodaro kufa kwemukadzi. Tichifunga kuti izvi hazvina kuitika, huwandu hwemhosva dzaive dzisina kutendwa nemutemo, saka vanachiremba vakatora mhaka dzakawanda dzokubvisa pamuviri kuti vasapinda mukana wekugamuchira chirango chakakura (kutongerwa kwemakore mashanu mujeri) uye / kana kutongwa kwehutongi (kuregererwa yeirairi yezvechiremba).
Ndivanaani vaiva Roe naWade?
Norma McCorvey, muchengeti, akatora "alias", "Jane Roe" kuti amudzivirire chaiye (McCorvey zvechokwadi haana kuramba asingazivikanwi kusvikira kuma1980). Nyaya yacho yakatanga kuendeswa kuna Roe (uyo aiva nemwedzi 6 ari pamuviri panguva iyoyo), asi yakashandurwa kuva chikamu-action sokuti McCorvey airere, kwete iye oga, asi vose vakadzi vane pamuviri.
Murevereri aiva Henry B. Wade, mutongi wenharaunda yeDallas County, Texas.
Muchengeti weDairo muRoe v. Wade
Kunyange zvazvo muchengeti aiva nezvipingamupinyi zviviri zvekupfuurira:
- Mukadzi ane pamuviri akashaya kumire kuti apiwe mhosva yekuti mutemo unogona kusagadziriswa sezvo mutemo wakashandiswa kuchipatara (uye kwete varwere).
- Zvichienderana nekureba kwekutongwa kwematare, nyaya yacho inogona kuziviswa isingashandiswi uye yakabudiswa kunze kwematare kamwechete apo McCorvey akaberekwa (kana kuti akadarika pfungwa iyo kubvisa pamuviri kunogona kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka).
Nyaya iyi yakaiswa pachena, vachikakavadzana kuti mutemo we 1869 wokuTapa wekuTsika wakakanganisa kodzero dzevakadzi dzepamutemo dzekubvisa pamuviri.
The Attorneys
Sarah Weddington naLinda Coffee ndivo varairi vemhosva.
Mumiririri mumiririri aiva John Tolle (akasarudzwa kuti achengetedze kushandiswa kwemutemo weTexas pamuviri) uye Jay Floyd (kudzivirira mutemo pachako).
The Original Roe v. Wade Case musi waMay 23, 1970
Nyaya yacho yakatanga kupopotedzerwa muFifth Circuit Court muDallas pamberi pevatongi vatatu. Chikorochato neKafini zvaida kuti dare riite chisarudzo kana kana mukadzi asina pamuviri aine kodzero yekuzvisarudzira kana kubvisa pamuviri kwaidiwa. Vakavaka nharo dzavo paNisani uye Nechigumi Nechina Kuvandudzwa kweSouth Constitution. Kunyange zvazvo zvichinyanyisa, Nhamba yechinomwe inodzivirira kodzero dzakakwana dzakarongwa asi dzisingatsananguri kune imwe nzvimbo muBumbiro reMitemo. The Fourteenth Amendment inorambidza inotaura kubva pakuramba hupenyu hwevanhu, rusununguko kana pfuma kunze kwekutongwa kwemutemo.
Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakanga rave rakatangwa, muna 1965 Griswold v. Connecticut chikwata , kuti kodzero yepamutemo yehupfumi yakawanikwa mukati uye yakachengetedzwa neChishanu neChina yechina. Saka, Weddington naKafiri vati mutemo weTexas Abortion Mutemo wakaramba Roe kodzero yake yehupfumi - achireva kuti mutemo weTexas wakanga usingabvumirano nepamutemo sezvo wakaputsa kuchengetedzwa kwehupombwe iyo Dare raimbowana mune zvose zvigadziriswa. Vakaramba vachipikisa kuti kodzero yekusvikirwa inofanira kuchengetedza kodzero yemudzimai kusarudza kana kuti kwete kuva amai .
Murevereri aipikisa nyaya yavo pamusana pekuti mwana akaberekwa ane kodzero dzepamutemo dzinofanira kudzivirirwa neMutemo, achitaura, "kuti kodzero yemwana kune hupenyu yakakwirira kupfuura yekodzero yemukadzi yekusvikirwa." Vatongi vakapedzisira vatonga kuti mutemo weTexas wakaputsa kodzero ye Roe yekuvanzika yakawanikwa muNine uye yechina yeAmendment uye kuti mukadzi ane kodzero yekugumisa pamuviri wake. McCorvey akanga ane pamuviri paakazova mutongi wekutungamirira munyaya yacho. Muna June 1970, akabereka uye akaisa mwana wake kuti ave mwana .
Muna 1971, sarudzo yedare reRo v Wade rakateterera, saka nyaya yacho inotumirwa kumusangano wokutanga weAmerica Supreme Court nharo.