Muchirevo uye Injectable Formulations Kunowanikwa
Chirwere chepachivande (chinongonzi chinonzi typhoid) hachisi chirwere chatinoona zvose zvinowanzo muUnited States. Kubva pakuona kwenyika yose, zvisinei, inofungidzirwa sehutano hwehutano hwevanhu nehuwandu hwemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri ehutachiona hutsva uye vanopfuura 150 000 vakafa gore negore.
Kunyange pano muUnited States, vanhu vakawanda vanosvika 5 700 vanotenda kuti vane utachiona gore negore, maererano neshumo kubva kuCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Yakawanda inokonzerwa nekufamba kwenyika kumativi enyika iyo typhoid yakawanda.
Chirwere ichi, chinowanzobatanidzwa nehutachiona hwehutano hwehutano uye mamiriro ehupfumi hwevanhu, zvinogona kudzivirirwa nemuromo kana chirwere chinopindwa muropa.
Iyo Dutu reTypidid Rinotapurirwa
Chirwere chechirwere chirwere chinogona kutyisa upenyu chinokonzerwa neSalmonella typhi bacteria. Iyo bhakitiriya inongowanikwa muvanhu uye inorarama zvikuru muropa kana mumatumbo.
Kana munhu ane typhoid, iye achadurura mabhakitiriya kuburikidza nemidziyo (zvigaro). Chero kusvibiswa kwemvura, zvokudya, kana nzvimbo zvinogona kuita kuti kupararira kwechirwere ichi kuvepo. Munhu-ku-munhu kutapurirana, zvakadai kuburikidza nekubatwa kwemaoko, kunowanikawo.
Munharaunda dziri kusimba dzine urombo dziri munyika, kusakwanisa kwemaitiro ekudzivirira emvura kwakakosha kunobatsira zvikuru kupararira kwehutachiona.
Zviratidzo zveHurdiid Fever
Kana kamwe uine utachiona, mabhakitiriya anokurumidza kuwedzera uye anopararira kuburikidza neropa, zvichiita kuti zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana mukati mezvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana:
- Muvhiki imwe chete, munhu angave ane fivha, kuora musoro, kukwezva, kuneta, kunonoka kwepfungwa ( bradycardia ), kurwadziwa mumimba, uye nosebleeds.
- Muvhiki mbiri, kupera kunenge kwafambira mberi kune iyo munhu angave asingakwanisi kusimuka. Sezvo fivhiri ichiri kuramba ichikwira, delirium yakajairika. Mavara ane ruvara rweRose anogonawo kukura pamimba, asi munhu wacho angave achiwana nguva yakawanda yehuta yehuta yakasvibirira kana kuvhara.
- Vhiki yechitatu, zvinetso zvinogona kuchinja zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kusanganisira mumimba yekushaya ropa, kuvhiringidzika kweuropi ( encephalitis ), mumatumbo perforation, kuputika kwemwoyo ( myocarditis ) uye zvirwere zvokufema zvakadai sepneumonia uye bronchitis yakaoma.
Inongova pakuguma kwemavhiki matatu kuti kutonhora kwakakwirira kuchatanga kupera. Mishonga inowanzobatanidza nzira yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya (yakadai se amoxicillin kana trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) uye kazhinji mvura inodzivirira kudzivirira mvura.
Kana ikarapwa panguva yakakodzera, typhoid haigoni kukonzera rufu. Zvisinei, kana ikasara isina kutenderwa vhiki yechitatu, njodzi yekufa inogona kuwedzera kusvika kusvika 20 muzana.
Dutu reTypid Vaccine Options
Zvichipa migumisiro yehutachiona hwehupidhi, vanhu vari pangozi yakawanda vanokwanisa kupiwa kuchengetedzwa pamwe chete nemushonga umwechete-mujenya wakagadziriswa kana chirwere chinowanikwa mumuromo.
Kune zvirwere zviviri zvino zvakagamuchirwa neU.S. Food and Drug Administration:
- Tifimu Vi inopindwa mujodzi weTyphoid yakagadzirwa nebhakitiriya isingaiti (yakaurayiwa zvachose) isingagoni kukonzera chirwere. Iyo inopihwa intramuscularly (kazhinji inopinda mumuviri we deltoid ruoko rwokunze) uye inongoda imwe nhengo imwechete. Iyo chirwere inofanira kupiwa masvondo maviri asati apfuura rwendo uye inogona kushandiswa kune ani zvake pamusoro pemakore maviri. Booster shots inogona kununurwa makore ose maviri kune vanhu vari pangozi.
- Vivotif chirwere chinonzi typhoid chinogadzirwa nemararamiro anogara attenuated (anorarama asi asina simba). Inopiwa mu packet yechina capsules, imwe neimwe inotorwa zuva rimwe nerimwe pane isina chinhu mudumbu. Vivotif inogona kushandiswa kune ani zvake kupfuura makore matanhatu, asi zviyero zvinokurudzira zvinongoda kutorwa makore ose mashanu. Sezvinorarama chirwere chinorarama, inofanirwa kuiswa firiji uye haifaniri kupiwa kuvanhu vanozvidzivirira pamuviri (zvakadai sevaya vane HIV ).
Kupfuura musiyano wehutungamiri (injection vs. muromo) uye kushandiswa kwevashandi (zera uye nhengo dzekuzvidzivirira pamuviri), zvose zvirwere zvinopa kupoteredza makumi manomwe kubva muzana kudzivirirwa kubva kune typhoid.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unenge uchiri kudikanwa kutarisa izvo iwe unodya kana kunwa kana uchinge uchienda kune hoodpot hotspot.
Migumisiro yechipfuva nekupikisa
Matambudziko anowanzoonekwa neTiphim Vi ane 10% yevanhu vane fivha, kuneta, misoro, muviri aches, uye injection site pain. Ne Vivotif, dambudziko iri rakaderera (pasi peanomwe kubva muzana) uye rinogona kusanganisira misoro, kusuruvara, uye aches yemimba. Muzviitiko zvose izvi, zviratidzo zvinowanzova zvinyoro uye zvinogadzirisa pachavo pasina kurapwa.
Pamusoro peflip, kune zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinopesana ne Vivotif kupfuura naTiphim Vi. Iko kunonyanya kunetseka kwezvose zviri zviviri kushandiswa kwemishonga kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwechirwere.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ndechokuti mishonga iyi inodzivisa zvirwere zvemuviri zvinodzivisa kugadzirwa kwezvidziviriro zvinorwisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kurapa zvinetso zve autoimmune zvakadai se lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, uye psoriasis. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, iwe unoda kumira mushonga wacho kwenguva yakareba semazuva makumi matatu kutanga kuputika kwechifoidhi kunogona kupiwa.
Urongwa hwezvinodhaka zvinopesana nehutano hwekushandiswa ne Vivotif nde:
- Benlysta (belimumab) , an immune suppressive drug
- Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) , an immune suppressive drug
- Cosentix (secukinumab), an anti-drug suppressant
- Hydrea (hydroxyurea), kenza yemachira chemotherapy
- Methotrexate inoshandiswa kurapa kenza, psoriasis, uye rheumatoid arthritis
- Taltz (ixekizumab), chirwere chekudzivirira zvirwere
- Teflaro (ceftaroline), antibiotic
Urongwa hwemishonga inopesana nehutano hwekushandiswa naTyphim Vi nde:
- Benlysta (belimumab) , an immune suppression drug use
- Cosentix (secukinumab), an anti-drug suppressant
- Taltz (ixekizumab), chirwere chekudzivirira zvirwere
Kana uchida chirwere chinonzi typhoid, iva nechokwadi chekuudza chiremba wako nezvemishonga ipi yaunenge uri kutora uye chero chirwere chekurapa chinokonzerwa nekuderedza zvirwere zvemuviri kana kuti kuoma simba remune.
Paunoda Kuvhara
Maererano neDare Rokuraira reVhito (ACIP), kupora nguva dzose hakukurudzirwi muUnited States. Iko kune, zvisinei, zviitiko zvakananga apo kurwisa kunonyatsorayirwa:
- Vafambi vanoenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo kune njodzi inozivikanwa yeSalmonella typhi
- Vanhu vanorarama kana kuva neukama hwepedyo nemunhu anenge ave kana kuti ari kurapwa nokuda kwefivhaidhivha
- Nyanzvi dzezvinyorwa zvemakemikari kana vashandi vebasa vanoonana naSalmonella typhi tsika kana zvienzaniso
Paunenge uchironga rwendo kune dzimwe nyika, unogona kutarisa zvirwere zvinodiwa zvinodiwa uye mazano kuburikidza nekushanyira webhupu yekupa mazano yehutano inotungamirirwa neCDC.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo chirwere che typhoid chinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya dambudziko rako rekushaya fivhaidhi, hazvisi benzi-uchapupu. Kuti uite kuti iwe ugare wakachengeteka uchifamba kune imwe nyika, kune mitemo gumi-siyana inofanirwa iwe unofanirwa kutevera nguva dzose:
- Shamba maoko ako kakawanda nesipo uye mvura inopisa.
- Ita doro-based hand sanitizer nguva apo mvura isiripo.
- Dzivisa kunwa mvura isingateereri.
- Paunenge uchinwa bhodhi kana bhodha rakakodzwa zvakanaka, kumbira kuti chinwa chinunurwa chisimbiswe.
- Nguva dzose bvunza zvinwiwa pasina ice.
- Dzivisa michero yakajeka nemiriwo kunyange kana zvakanyatsorodzwa.
- Sarudza chikafu chinopisa; zvokudya zvinenge zvakachengetwa kana kushandiswa pamakamuri ekupisa kunofanira kudziviswa.
- Dzivisa vatengesi vekudya mumugwagwa.
- Shandisa mvura yakabhoderedzwa kuti ubvise mazino ako.
- Edza kusamedza mvura mumvura.
> Sources:
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) "Dutu reHyphoid Fever." Atlanta, Georgia: yakagadziriswa July 18, 2016.
> Zvokudya uye Drug Administration (FDA). "Typhim Vi." Silver Spring, Maryland; yakagadziridzwa Gunyana 10, 2017.
> FDA. "Vivotif." Yakapedzwa musi waSeptember 12, 2016.
> Jackson, B .; Iqbal, S ;; Mahon, B. et al. "Zvakarayirwa Zvinyorwa zveKushandiswa kweTyidid Vaccine - Dare Rinokurudzira Rokudzivirira Kuzvidzivirira, United States, 2015." MMWR. 2015; 64 (11) 305-8.