Nguva Yokuita Zvakaitika Pamusoro Pekutungamirira Kuongorora
Flint, Michigan inotungamirira kutarisa kune radar yose. Guta racho raive rawana mvura yaro kubva kuLake Huron uye Detroit River. Muna 2014, zvisinei, mvura yacho yakasvibiswa kubva kune Flint River. Zvinosuruvarisa, rwizi rwacho rwakanga rusina kunyatsorapwa kuti rudzivirire kupisa kwemapapu ayo aigona kutora zvigadzirwa nemamwe tsvina mumvura.
Mugumo unoguma? Utungamiri huwandu hwakakwira mumvura, uye guta rakatarisana nedambudziko rehutano hwevanhu.
Chii huri hurumende ichiita pamusoro payo?
Dambudziko iri muFlint haisi iro rokutanga raro. Ngozi dzekutungamirira chepfu dzave dzichizivikanwa kwemakumi emakore, uye hongu, hurumende yeUnited States yatora matanho ekupindira. Kune imwechete, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ine mitemo panzvimbo yekuderedza dambudziko rekutungamirirwa kwevatungamiri panzvimbo yevanhu. ICenter for Medicare neMedicaid, zvakare, inopa kutungamirirwa kune chinyorwa chekugona kukonzerwa kutungamira vana.
Chinangwa chaicho ndechekudzivirira kutungamira kwekutungamira panzvimbo yekutanga, kutsvaga zviitiko zvekutsvaga kana zvikaitika, uye kupa rubatsiro rwekutanga kune chero vana vanobatwa nepamusoro-soro rekutungamirira ropa. Chero bedzi nenzira iyi tinogona kudzivirira, kana kuderedza kuderedza, dambudziko rehutano kwenguva refu rinogona kubuda kubva kune tsvina inotyisa.
Mubvunzo mukuru: Ndiyo kushanda here?
Chii Chinoitika Kana Iwe Uchiratidzwa Kukutungamirira
Kunyatsoona kutungamira kunogona kukuvadza kune ani zvake. Mune vana, zvisinei, zvinogona kuva nengozi zvikuru, zvichiita kuti pave neurological and cognitive development. Kutungamirira tsvina kune vanhu vakuru, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinotarisa kutarisa purogiramu yehutachiona hwemhirizhonga.
Ikoko hakuna mharidzo yemaitirwo ekutungamirira chepfu.
Zviratidzo zvinopesana uye zvinogona kusanganisira chero chipi cheizvi:
- Anemia
- Maitiro ekuchinja anosanganisira kushungurudzwa, kusagadzikana, kusagadzikana, uye / kana kukanganisa
- Nyaya dzekukuridza dzinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwezvakaitika, pasi IQ, uye mutauro kunonoka
- High blood pressure
- Chirwere chepachiviri chinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, anorexia, nausea, uye / kana kurutsa
- Chirwere chepoyo
- Zviratidzo zveeurologic zvinosanganisira ataxia, kukanganisa, kuora musoro, kushaya simba kwemusimba, uye / kana kugumburwa
- Dambudziko rekubereka rinosanganisira kusabereka, pasi libido, uye / kana kuora mimba
Iwe nemutapi wako wehutano unofanirwa kuve wakatarisa zviratidzo zvisingaoneki kana kusvibiswa kunogona kukuisa iwe kana mwana wako pangozi.
Kwamungaita Kuti Uonekwe Kukutungamira
Vanhu vakawanda vanoratidzwa kutungamira kupfuura iwe unogona kufunga.
The Flint dambudziko remvura rinotiyeuchidza kuti kutungamira kunogona kuvharirwa mumvura kuburikidza nemipopi uye zvigadziro zvavo. Mapapiro akaitwa pamberi pegore ra1930 kazhinji aive nemutungamiri, achiisa dzimba dzakakura kana mvura yevanhu vose pangozi yakakwirira yekukuisa iwe kusimbi.
Zvinotoshamisa kuti EPA inonyevera kuti zvivako zvisingasviki makore mashanu zvinogona kunge zvine mvura yakasvibiswa. Ichi ndechokuti mazuva ano mazuva ano plumbers anowanzoshandisa mutungamiri kutengesa kubatana nemapombi emhangura. Ngozi inopera mushure memazuva mashanu nokuti kuvaka-mineral mining in pipe inozopedzisira inodzivirira mvura kubva mutungamiri muhutori.
Chimwe chiitiko chinowanzoitwa pende inotungamirirwa, iyo isina kutengeswa muUnited States kubva muna 1978. Izvi hazvisi kukuisa pachena kana iwe une imba itsva nokuti mutungamiri angaramba ari kunze kune dzimwe nzvimbo unoshanyira. Chero chivako chakavakwa pamberi pe1980 chingave chakashandisa peji inotungamira, kunyange zvivako zvevanhu, masvingo, midziyo yekutamba, uye zvikoro. Nokufamba kwenguva, iyo pende inogona kuputika uye inoputsika muzvikamu zviduku. Kutungamirira zvisikwa zvinogona kutenderera mumhepo kana kuunganidza pane zvakaita sehwindo. Inogona kusvibisa ivhu.
Kunetseka kwakatangawo pamusoro pekutengesa-tsvina zvinhu zvakatengeswa kubva kune dzimwe nyika .
Funga nezvekutungamira apo iwe unotenga mapeji emunyika, makeramic, mishonga, ivhu, kana kuti matoyi. Mumazuva ekupedzisira, mutungamiri wakawanikwa mune zvose zvepende uye plastiki.
Kutungamirira Chepfu Kuve Sangano reHuzhinji Hwehutano
Kutya chepfu kwaiva dambudziko muPlint, asi ingave iri dambudziko kwauri?
IEPA inotaura kuti hakuna hutano hwakachengeteka hwekutungamirira. Izvo zviri izvo, inopa mvumo yokuti mvura yepamusoro yevanhu inofanira kuongororwa nekuda kwekusvibiswa kweutungamiri. Kana kutungamira kwekutungamira kunopfuura kudarika zvikamu gumi nemashanu kubva pamabhiriyoni mune zvinopfuura 10 kubva muzana zvevatengi matepi, zvino chiito chinofanira kutorwa. Aya maitiro anofanira kutorwa nemvura uye inosanganisira:
- Kutsvaga matanho ekuvandudza kugadzirisa kurapa kurapa kwemaitiro emvura kushanda vanhu 50 000 kana kupfuura
- Kuzivisa uye kudzidzisa vanhu nezvenyaya yacho uye kuti iri kutaurwa sei
- Kudzorera zvikamu zvekutungamirira mitambo yemumigwagwa iri pasi pemvura yekutonga
Zvinosuruvarisa, hazvisi nguva dzose kugoneka kubvisa zvose zvinotungamirira kutarisa. Kurapa kwemvura ne-anti-corrosion makemikari kunogona kuderedza mutungamiri asi hazvibvisi kubva pakupinda mumvura.
Medicaid Kuongorora Kutungamira Kwekutyisa
Icho chokwadi chinoramba chiripo kuti kudzivisa kutungamirirwa kwose kunogona kutadza nguva dzose. Kuti izvi zviitike, zvakakosha kuvhara kuti zvinogona kutungamirirwa nekukwanisa kuve mumatambudziko akawanda, kureva vana.
ICentral for Disease Control and Prevention uye American Academy yePediatrics inokurudzira kuongororwa kwevana vane kufungidzirwa kusinganzwisisiki, kureva avo iye zvino kana kuti vaimbogara mumisha yekare kana avo vane vane vana vababa kana vana vanotamba vane ropa rakakwirira rinotungamirira.
Vose vana vakanyoresa muMedicaid , zvisinei, vanofanirwa kuwana ropa rinotungamirira kuongororwa kwemaawa gumi nemaviri nemwedzi makumi maviri nemana. Kana mumwe wevana ava asingatungamiri kutarisa kunyoresa mune zvinyorwa zvechiremba uye vari pakati pemwedzi miviri nemakumi manomwe nematanhatu, mutapi wavo wehutano anodiwa kuti awane imwe.
Kuchengetedza kwekutungamirira kunoitwa nyore nyore. Inoda muenzaniso weropa unogona kuunganidzwa kubva kumunhu wemunwe uri nyore kana kubva munharaunda yeropa inotora netsanga inowanikwa mukati mako. Muenzaniso wacho unogona kuunganidzwa muhofisi yechiremba kana kuti pare laboratory.
Zvinosuruvarisa, havasi vana vose vakakodzera vari kuongororwa. Medicaid data muna 2015 inoratidza kuti inenge 38 muzana chete yevana pakati pemwedzi 12 ne24 yemakore yakanga yakarongedzwa. Sangano reNational Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), sangano risina purogiramu, rakabudisa dambudziko rinofungidzira kuti 66% chete vevana vane makore maviri vakanyoresa muMedicaid vakaongororwa kuti vatungamirire mumakore maviri akapfuura. Zvitatu makumi matatu chete izvo zvakashuma ichi chiyero kune NCQA, zvisinei, saka izvi zvingasati zvingaratidza maonero echokwadi enyika.
Ndekupi Kwatinobva Kubva Iko?
Sezvo kutungamirirwa kwakawanda kwekutungamirirwa kunoshandiswa, nhamba yevana vanozoonekwa kuti vakawedzera ropa rinotungamirira huwandu huchawedzera. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti tinoda kuva nefuma munzvimbo kuti tisati tamboona, asiwo kuti tibate avo vanobatwa.
Medicaid inoramba ichitungamirira kuongororwa kwevana vose, zvisinei nokuti inofungidzirwa kuti inogona kuitika, uye inokurudzira zvinotevera zvinotorwa kune mamwe masangano ekuchengetedza utano:
- Kubatana nemasangano ehutano enyika kuti varatidze vana vasina kuongororwa
- Kutaurirana nevarapi vehutano kuti vaone kuti vanochengetedza vana sezvavanoda
- Kuwedzera kuongororwa zvinodiwa muzvikwereti zvinotarisirwa kuchengetedzwa
- Kuwedzeredza kuedza kuburikidza nevakadzi, vana vacheche uye vana (WIC) uye makiriniki ehutano
Medicaid inotarisira kuti izvi zvinobatanidzwa zvichakwanisa kuchengetedza vana vanotambura zvakachengeteka kubva kune zvinetso zvehutano kwenguva refu.
> Sources:
> Utano Hunotungamirira Chepfu Dhein Data, Statistics, uye Kuongororwa. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control and Prevention website. http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/data/index.htm.
> Kuvhara ropa rekutengesa ropa Kuongororwa kwevana Vakanyoresa muMedicaid uye neHana Health Health Program. Medicaid.gov website. https://www.medicaid.gov/federal-policy-guidance/downloads/cib113016.pdf.
> Kutungamirira. US Environmental Protection Agency website.https: //www.epa.gov/lead.
> Kuchenjerera C, Tsang K, Galazka S. Kutya Poisoning muvana. Ndiye Chiremba weNzara. 2010 Mar 15; 81 (6): 751-757. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0315/p751.html