Anemia

Chirongwa cheAnemia

Anemia inorondedzerwa senhamba yakaderera pane yakasviba masero matsvuku eropa (RBCs) kana hemoglobin, puroteni yavainayo inotakura okisijeni kumatumbu ako. Dzimwe nguva vanhu vanotaura nezvekushaya ropa re "ropa rezasi."

Iyo tsanangudzo yeanemia inoshanduka muupenyu hwose nokuti nhamba chaiyo yeRBCs kana hemoglobin inoshanduka patinenge takura. Vana vacheche vanotanga neHemoglobin / RBCs, iyo inoderedza zvishoma kudarika gore rokutanga rehupenyu.

Hemoglobin inowedzera zvishoma pamusoro pemakore kusvika pakupera kana inowanzosvika kune vanhu vakuru. Nokuda kwekuchinja kwemazuva ose mune zvinodiwa zvevana, zvakanakisisa kuti uone chiremba wemwana wako pamusoro peavo vake hwakanaka uye chii chingaita kuti anemia ive.

Muvanhu vakuru, chirwere chinokonzerwa nehemoglobin chinokwana 14 kusvika ku17.4 g / dL mumarume uye 12.3 kusvika ku15.3 g / dL kuvakadzi. RBC inowanikwa mumarume inokwana 4,5 kusvika ku5,9 mamiriyoni masero nema microliters uye 4.1 kusvika ku1million masero nema microliters muvakadzi.

• Chii Chinonzi Maantibiotiki Anofanirwa Kuita Nemararamiro Angu?

• Tsvaga kuwirirana kweChancer uye Anemia

Nhamba dziri pasi pemitambo iyi dzaizoonekwa seanemia. Anemia inogonawo kurondedzerwa nehematocrit, iyo inoratidza chikamu chemasero matsvuku eropa kufanananidzwa nemamwe masero muropa.

Zvinokonzera Anemia

Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwemvura:

1) Kupera kwekugadzirwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa, izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa ne:

• Kushayikwa kwevhithamini kana maminera anodiwa kuti aite masero matsvuku eropa / hemoglobin. Yakawanda ndeyesimbi, folate, uye vitamini B12.
  
• Chirwere chepfungwa chisingaperi: Kana itsvo dzisingashandisi zvakanaka, hazvikwanisi kubereka hormone inonzi erythropoietin, iyo inodiwa kusimudzira masero matsvuku ekugadzirwa kweropa.
  

• Leukemia: Nhamba yakakura yemasero eukemukari mumupfupa wepfupa inogona kuderedza kukwanisa kwayo kuita masero matsvuku eropa (pamwe nemasero machena kana maplatelet).
  
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy inouraya masero akaparadzana sekenza masero, asi inokanganisawo masero emadziro mumasese emasopa ayo anoita masero matsvuku eropa (pamwe chete nemasero matsvuku eropa uye maplatelet), zvichiita kuti anemia isvike kusvikira masero emadzi anogona kukwanisa kupora.
  
• Kugadzikana kwepfupa yemapfupa : Matambudziko anokonzera kubudiswa kwemasero eropa mumapfupa emamota anogona kukonzera chirwere chemeri. Izvi zvinosanganisira aplastic anemia uye Diamond Blackfan anemia . Hazvisi zvisingazivikanwi kuti zvinetso izvi zvinokonzerawo kuderedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwemasero machena uye maplatelet.
  
• Chirwere Chisingaperi: Vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaperi zvezvirwere (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, nezvimwewo) kana zvirwere (tuberculosis, HIV) inogona kukura anemia. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu nokuti muviri haugoni kunyora iron kana kushandisa simbi yakachengetwa mumuviri zvakanaka.

2) Kurasikirwa neropa, izvo zvingave zvakakonzerwa neku:

• Kuenda kumwedzi kwakanyanya ( menorrhagia )
  

• Kubvambura kubva pamatumbo emakumbo kusvika kune zvinhu zvakadai sekenza yemukironi, esophageal / gastric ulcers, kana chirwere chinoputika

3) Kuparara kwemasero matsvuku eropa (hemolysis), izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa ne:

• Inherited anemias inoshandura chimiro chehemoglobin kana kuti tsvuku yakatsvuka yeropa, yakadai sa sickle cell disease , thalassemia , kana nhaka spherocytosis .
  
• Kuzvimiririra hemolytic anemia , mamiriro ayo maitiro ako ezvirwere zvemagunha anokanganiswa uye zvisina kunaka kurwisa (uye anoparadza) masero ako matsvuku eropa.

Zviratidzo zveAnemia

Kana chirwere chinopera simba chiine runyoro, iwe unogona kunge usingaoni zviratidzo. Sezvo chirwere chinopera simba chinowedzera, zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa / dzikawedzerwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuneta kana kuneta
• Kushaya simba
• Kuonekwa kwakachena kune ganda
• Uchechezi kana kuchena
• Rapid heartbeat, inozivikanwa se tachycardia
• Kupfupika kwemhepo
• Jaundice (mamwe maitiro anemia anokonzera yellowing yeganda)

Kuongororwa Anemia

Anemia inotanga kuongororwa ine nhamba yakakwana yeropa ( CBC ) , inowanzoitwa ropa. Dzimwe nguva kuedza uku kunomhanya nekuti iwe une zviratidzo zvekushaya ropa; dzimwe nguva chirwere chekushaya ropa chinoratidzika apo apo CBC inotorwa kune maitiro emagetsi egore negore.

Mushandi wako wehutano acharamba achitsvaga kuderera kwehematocrit kana hemoglobin (kana zvishoma, kazhinji, ropa rekuyera ropa count).

Mushure mekunge uongorore kuti une chirwere chekushaya ropa, chiremba wako achashanda pakusarudza chikonzero chacho. Chirevo chekutanga chechikonzero chinokonzera kuperevedza ropa kwako chinogona kuratidzwa neCBC pamwe chete, sezvo inorondedzera mamwe mashoko pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa, akadai saiyo (kureva chimiro chemuviri wevhesi), kusiyana kwehukuru (red cell cell distribution width) ye hemoglobin mumasero matsvuku eropa (zvinoreva kuti corpuscular hemoglobin concentration).

Uwandu hwemasero ako matsvuku, kunyanya, hunogona kupa ruzivo rwakanakisisa pamusoro pechikonzero chinokonzera chirwere chekushaya ropa. Kana vakaonekwa sediki (microcytic), kune mukana wakaisvonaka wekushayikwa kwesimbi ndiko kukanganisa. Masero matsvuku eropa ayo akajairika (normocytic) angangodaro anoratidza anemia ekuputika. Makuru matsvuku eropa (macrocytic) anogona kusungirwa kushayikwa muvarate kana vitamini B12.

Mimwe miedzo miviri iyo inowanzobatanidzwa mubasa rekutanga-up anemia ndiyo reticulocyte count uye ropa smear .

• Zviratidzo zveNyanyanyo Inowanzo Enzyme Inoshaya Munyika Yose

• Nzira yeCancer Can Collins Can Impact Hemoglobin Ropa Rako

Reticulocytes ndi "mwana" masero matsvuku eropa ayo achangobva kusunungurwa kubva mumufupa. Paunenge uine chirwere chekushaya ropa, fufupa remapfupa rinofanira kuwedzerwa kugadzirwa kwe reticulocytes. Ropa smear rinobvumira chiremba kutarisa masero matsvuku eropa pasi pe microscope. Ropa smear rinopa ruzivo rwakawedzerwa maererano nenhamba, ukuru, uye maitiro emasero matsvuku eropa, izvo zvinogona kuratidza chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzera chirwere chekushaya ropa.

Wako mukuru wekutarisira anogona kukutaurira iwe nyanzvi yezvematema , chiremba anoisa mukusangana kweropa, kuziva chikonzero chekushaya ropa. Iwe unogona kunge uchiita basa rega rega rega kuitira kuti uone chikonzero chekushaya ropa.

Kurapa kweAnemia

Kungofanana nezvikonzero zvinokonzera chirwere chekushaya ropa, pane marapirwo akawanda ekurapa. Mushonga waunoda unobva pachikonzero chekushaya ropa. Mishonga inosanganisira:

• Zvigadzirwa zvakadai sesimbi, folate, kana vitamini B12
• Kuwedzerwa ropa
• Chemotherapy (kana chirwere chinokonzera ropa chinokonzerwa nekenza)
• Splenectomy (kuporesa kubviswa kwepleen) kune mamwe maitiro e hemolytic anemia
• Erythropoietin injections (nokuda kwevanhu vane anemia inokonzerwa nehosha yepfungwa)
• Steroid (for autoimmune hemolytic anemia)

Mimwe mhando yeanemia haina chirwere chaiyo uye inogona kuva yeupenyu hwose. Kana chirwere chepfungwa chinokonzerwa nechirwere chisingagumi, kurapa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kunogona kuvandudza kupera kwako kwehutano.

Shoko Rinobva

Mushure mekudzidza iwe une chirwere chekushaya ropa, zvakasikwa kubvunza: Chii chakakonzera? Ndinoita sei pamusoro pazvo? Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vamwe anemias zviri nyore kuongorora uye kubata, uye vamwe vanogona kutora nguva yakareba. Usakanganwa kuti uri kunzwa sei kana kuzvisunungura pane zviratidzo zvako. Iva akasununguka uye wakatendeseka nachiremba wako uye shanda pamwe chete kuti unzwe zvakanaka.

> Sources:

> Marks PW. Nzira yeAnemia muAdual uye Mwana. Muna: Hoffman R, Benz Jr. EJ, Silberstein LE, Heslop HE, Weitz JI naAnatasi J eds. Hematology: Nheyo Nheyo uye Maitiro . 6th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013.

> Sandoval C. Kusvika kumwana ane anemia. Mu: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, Schrier SL. Nzira kumunhu mukuru ane chirwere chekushaya ropa. Mu: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.