Vana vanoramba vari pamatambudziko makuru
Inotyisa kuunganidza ndiko kuunganidza mutungamiri mumuviri unowanzowedzera kwemwedzi kana makore. Kunyange zvazvo chepfu inokonzera yakawanda munyika inokura, iyo inokonzera kufa kwevanhu vanopfuura 800 000 gore negore, inogonawo kukanganisa mhuri dzeAmerica zvakare (sezvinopupurirwa nenhamo ye 2016 muFintint, kuMichigan umo vanhu vanopfuura 100 000 vakaparidzirwa mvura inotungamirira) .
Mutungamiri isimbi inowanzoitika uye isina ruzivo mumuviri. Kusuruvara kwehutu kunogona kukanganisa uropi nedzimwe nhengo dzinokosha, zvichikonzera kuchinja kwemaurological and behavioral, zvirwere zvepamuviri, kupererwa kwepfungwa, nekukurumidza kunonoka. Panyaya dzakakwirira, inogona kuuraya.
Kupisa chepfu kunogona kuongororwa neine ropa nekufungidzira. Kana kutungamirira kwepamusoro kwakakwirira, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinosunga kutungamirira kuitira kuti zvigone kubviswa pamuviri.
Zviratidzo
Kunyange zvazvo chepfu inokonzera inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kunenge nhengo dzose dzomuviri, uropi uye mapuropa emimba zvinowanzotangira zviratidzo zvekutanga zvezvirwere zvichionekwa.
Zviratidzo zvekutungamirira chepfu zvinowanzotadza uye zvakaoma kuona. Mune vamwe vanhu, pangave pasina zviratidzo. Zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira:
- Kusvibiswa
- Kuneta
- Headaches
- Kurasikirwa kwekufungidzirwa
- Kukanganiswa kwenguva pfupi yekuyeuka
- Kutsiva uye kurasikirwa kwekubatana
- Kunakidza kunoshamisa mumuromo
- Rwonzi rwebhuruu parutivi rwegamu (inozivikanwa semutsara weBurton)
- Kuita kana kuvhara manzwiro (neuropathy)
- Marwadzo emudumbu
- Kuderedza kudya mwoyo
- Nausea uye kurutsa
- Dharare kana kuvimbiswa
- Slurred speech
Kusiyana nevanhu vakuru, vana vanogona kuratidza kuchinja kwakanyanya kwehupenyu (kusanganisira kusava nehanya, kusava nehanya, uye kushungurudzika) uye kazhinji kunowira kukura shure kwevamwe vana vezera rimwe chete.
Kuremara kwakakwana kwepfungwa kunogona kuitika dzimwe nguva.
Zvinetso zvekutungamirira chepfu zvinogona kusanganisira kuora kwepvo, kuwedzera kwehutachiona, kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, cataract, kusava nemurume, kupererwa kwemimba, uye kutanga kwekuberekwa. Kana kutungamira kunowedzera kusvika kudarika 100 μg / dL, uropi kuputika (encephalopathy) kunogona kuitika, zvichikonzera kuparara, coma, uye kunyange rufu.
Zvinokonzera
Kutungamirira utsinye muUnited States kwave kuri kuderera sezvo yakatanga kurambidzwa kubva pende uye petori kumashure muna 1978. Kubvira panguva iyo, mamwe mimwe mitemo yakagadzirirwa kuderedza hutungamiri hwemafambisi mumapuranga, mashizha emagetsi, uye zvinhu zvinowanikwa mumba.
Pasinei neizvi, kutungamirira chepfu muUnited States kuchiripo. Vana vari pangozi yakanyanya, nekuda kwechikamu chemuviri wavo muduku uye chiyero chechimiro chekutsvaga. Vanowanzotorawo kutora mutungamiri zvakanyanya nyore mumashupiti europi uye kuratidza mafungiro evanhu-kuru-mumuromo anokurudzira kubudiswa.
Zvimwe zvinokonzera kukonzera kutsvaga zvinosanganisira:
- Mvura, kunyanya inokonzerwa nevakuru vatungamira mapaipi uye kushandiswa kwekutungamirira solder
- Dongo rakasvibiswa nepepa inotungamirirwa kana mafuta
- Basa rekushanda mune zvemigodhi, kusvina miti, kana zvivako zvekugadzira uko kutungamira kunobatanidzwa
- Imiti yakakoswa neyekotamisi inoshandiswa zvekudya
- Kutungamirirwa nekristini yakashandiswa pakudonha mvura kana kuchengetedza zvokudya
- Ayurvedic uye mishonga yevanhu, dzimwe dzayo dzine mutungamiri we "kurapa" mazano uye mamwe ayo anosvibiswa panguva yekugadzira
- Inotengeswa matoyi, zvipfeko, candy, uye mishonga yemumba inogadzirwa munyika dzisingabatanidzi
Kutapisa uturu hunogonawo kuitika panguva yekuzvitakura, kunokonzerwa apo kurasikirwa kwepfupa kwemazuva mashoma kunotungamirira muitiro uye kunoratidza mwana asati aberekwa kuhuwandu hwehutachiona.
Kuziva
Kutya tsvina kunogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora uye yekufungidzira. Muedzo mukuru, unonzi blood lead level (BLL), unogona kutiudza kuti mutungamiri wakawanda uripi muropa rako.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, hapanofanira kutungamirirwa, asi kunyange mazinga akaderera angaonekwa seanobvumirwa.
Ropa rinotungamirira kuongororwa rinotaridzwa mumashoko micrograms (μg) ne deciliter (dL) yeropa. Nzira yakagamuchirwa ikozvino ndeyi:
- Pasingapfuuri 5 μg / dL yevana
- Pasingapfuuri 25 μg / dL yevakuru
Kunyange zvazvo BLL inogona kupa mufananidzo wakajeka wehupenyu hwako huripo, haugone kutitaurira kukanganisa kunotungamirirwa kwakaitwa mumuviri wako. Nokuda kweizvi, chiremba angarayira isina-invasive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inonyanya kushandiswa kwema-ray-ray ane simba-iyo inogona kuongorora kuti mutungamiri wakawanda uripi mumapfupa ako uye inoratidza nzvimbo dzekuverenga kuenzanisa kwekugara kwenguva refu .
Mimwe miedzo inogona kusanganisira ropa rekuongorora mafirimu kutarisa kuchinja mumasero matsvuku eropa uye erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) iyo inogona kutipa ruzivo rwokuti nguva yakareba yakareba sei.
Kurapa
Iyi nzira yakakura yekurapa yekutungamirira chepfu inonzi chelation therapy . Inosanganisira kushandiswa kwevashandi vanokonzera kutungamira kuti vatungamirire uye vagadzire chimiro chisina chepfu chinogona nyore nyore kugadzirwa mumugini.
Kuchengetedzwa kwechirwere kunoratidzwa kune vanhu vane uturu hwakanyanya hwekutsvaira kana zviratidzo zvekuchera. Inogonawo kufungwa kune ani zvake BLL iri pamusoro pe25 μg / dL. Kuchengetedzwa kwechirwere hakuchina kukosha mune zviitiko zvisingaperi pasi pekukosha uku.
Utachiona hunogona kuendeswa kana mumuromo kana mukati. Mavara anonyanya kupiwa anosanganisira:
- Bal in oil (dimercaprol)
- Calcium disodium
- Chemet (dimercaptosuccinic acid)
- D-penicillamine
- EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid)
Migumisiro inogona kusanganisira misoro, fever, chills, kushungurudza, kurutsa, kurwisana, kupererwa kwemhepo, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, uye chifuko chisimbiso. Pazviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, kugunun'una, kupererwa kwepfungwa, kupererwa kwepvo, kana kukuvara kwechiropa kwave kuchizivikanwa kuitika.
Shoko Rinobva
Kutya chepfu kunogona kutyisa sezvo iwe usingakwanisi kugara uchitaura kana iwe kana mwana wako akaratidzwa. Kune nzira dzekuongorora imba yako kana iwe uri nehanya, kusanganisira makirini ekuongorora kumba anowanikwa pakati pe $ 10 ne $ 30 pane zvinyorwa zvekushandisa.
Zvichiri nani, kana iwe uchigara mune imwe imba yekare isina kugadziridzwa, iwe unogona kukanganisa muongorori wekuzvipupurirwa unopupurirwa nehurumende kana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Panguva ino, kuti uwedzere kuderedza ngozi yemhuri yako:
- Iva nechokwadi chokuti munhu wese anogeza maoko avo kazhinji.
- Dzidzisa vana kuti varege kuisa maoko avo kana minwe mumiromo yavo.
- Ipa munhu wese zuva nezuva kubatsirana kwesimbi uye calcium.
- Bvisa uye kunyura mvura nguva dzose.
- Dzinga vana kuti vasaita muvhu rakapoteredza imba kana pende yekunze ichikurira kana kuora.
- Isa mukova mukati memukati nekunze kwemukova weimba yako.
- Kurudzirai vose kuti vabvise shangu dzavo vasati vapinda.
- Kana ukashanda mufekitari kana kudyara uko kune ngozi yekutungamira, shamba uye shandura mbatya dzako usati wapinda kumba.
> Sources:
> Jacobs, D. Kutungamirira Kusvibisa: Kutarisa paChigadziro. J Pub Health Tungamirai Practice. 2016; 22 (4): 326-330. DOI: 10.1097 / PHH.0000000000000430.
> Chenjerera, C .; Tsang, K .; uye Galazka, S. Kutungamirira Poisoning muvana. Ndiye Chiremba weNzara. 2010; 81 (6): 751-57.