Zvinokonzera uye Nengozi dzeChitungamiriri Chepfu

8 Zvinyorwa Zvokufungidzira Iwe Usingazive Nezve

Pasinei nemitemo inobvisa kutungamira kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvakadai sepende uye peteroli, pane zvakasara zvinopfurikidza nengozi yekufambisa uye kutema muUnited States.

Pakave pasina muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi kunze kwenhamo ya2016 muFintint, kuMichigan umo kune vanopfuura 100 000 vagari vemo vakaiswa pachena nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwemahombekombe panguva dzese mumvura mvura yepamusoro uye kusina kukwana nzvimbo dzokurapa mvura. Mugore raitevera dambudziko racho, pasati iri pasi pevashanu muzana yevana vakaongororwa vaiva nehuwandu hwekutungamirira mumuviri wavo.

Kutungamirirwa kwekutungamirira kunogona kuitika kubva pakusangana nemutungamiri mumhepo, guruva remumba, ivhu, mvura, uye zvekutengeserana. Kuenderera mberi kwekudzivirirwa pamusoro pemwedzi kana makore kunogona kutungamirira kutungamirira chepfu.

Risk Factors

Maererano nemushumo unobva kuCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vana vari pangozi yakakura yekutungamirira chepfu yezvikonzero zvakasiyana:

• Izvo zvinowanzoita kuti inotungamira zvinyorwa zvichienderana nemaitiro ekuzvipa-kumuromo.
• Vanonyanya kutora zvinotungamirira zvakanyanya nyore kupfuura vanhu vakuru.
• Vanokurumidza kupfufidza uye vanowedzera huwandu hwemhepo hutumbi huzhinji.
• Izvo zviri pedyo nepasi uye zvinowanzoita kuti inhale zvikamu muvhu kana pasi.

Zvimwe zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vakuru nevana vari pangozi. Mukuru pakati pavo ari kugara mune imwe imba isati yavakwa yakavakwa asati apera muna 1978 (gore apo mutungamiri wakarambidzwa zviri pamutemo kubva pamiti yepende).

Ichi chikonzero choga chinoshandura kune njodzi yakakwirira yekutungamirira chepfu pakati pevarombo, vemagariro evanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzisina kukodzera. Ichokwadi, maererano neCDC, vana veAmerica vana vanowanzoita kuti vatungamirire chepfu inopisa kupfuura vana vachena.

Pakati pezvikamu zvisere zvinowanzoonekwa zvekutungamira kuUnited States:

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Paint

Peint ingangodaro inonyanya kuzivikanwa yekufambisa mberi muUnited States. Maererano nemushumo wakabudiswa neU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), njodzi inokosha mumusha chero upi zvake wakavakwa kare muna 1978 uye unowedzera kuwedzera yekare imba yacho.

IEPA zvitsva zvinoratidza kuti:

• 24 muzana yedzimba dzakavakwa pakati pa1960 ne1979 dzakaramba dzichitora pende pane imwe nzvimbo muchivako.
• 69 muzana ye dzimba dzakavakwa pakati pe1940 ne1919 dzichava nehupupuriro hwekutungamira pende.
• 87 muzana ye dzimba dzakavakwa kare1919 zvingangodaro dzakatungamirira pende mukati mavo.

Dambudziko rekutsvaga ndiyo inonyanya kukosha iyo pende yekare inotarisa, kuvhara, kucheka, kuputika, kana kunaya. Izvi zvinonyanya kutenderera pamapuranga emawindo, magonhi, railings, porches, uye mabhenji apo maoko anogona kunyanya kutora mapepa mapepa uye zvikamu.

Nepo pini yekufambisa yakavharwa pasi pepende itsva haisi dambudziko, chero gadziriro yekugadzirwa kwemusha inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwepara kana pepa inogona kupa mukana wekutsvaga. Kunyange zvazvo mvura yakaputika, kuvhara, uye kusangana nemasikisi kunogona kuderedza zvikuru njodzi, EPA inokurudzira kuti ubvise vana kana vakadzi vane pamuviri kubva kumba kusvikira kugadzirisa kwapera.

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Soil

Mutungamiri mutambo unowanzoitika-chaiwo unowanikwa ne-bluish-gray. Kunyange zvazvo iyo inogona kuwanikwa nyore nyore mumasikirwo echisikiro, iyo yakanyanyogadzirirwa muvhu inowanzova yakaderera uye isingafungidzi kuti inopisa.

Izvo hazvirevi kune ivhu remumaguta rakange rakasvibiswa nekunyorera pepa kubva kune dzimwe dzimba kana zvivako zvekare. Nzvimbo dzakapoteredza nzvimbo dzakawanda dzomumigwagwa dzinoshushikanawo, nedzimwe dzidzo dzinoratidza kuti pakati pemamirioni mana nemashanu emutobvu anoshandiswa mu petroli achiri kugara muvhu uye guruva.

Kana imba yako yakwegura, EPA inokurudzira kuti uongorore kunze kwekutsvaira kana kupora kupera. Kana pane chimwe chinhu, unogona kudzivisa kutevera ivhu mukati mukati nekushandisa masuo mukati nokunze kweimba nekubvisa shangu dzako usati wapinda.

Kana iwe usingakwanise kugadzirisa imba yako, unofanira kufungidzira kusima mabhiza pedyo neimba kuitira kuti vana vaderedzwe kubva kutamba muvhu.

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Mvura

Kunyange zvazvo mutungamiri usingawanzowani mumakungwa nemamwe emvura emvura, inogona kupinda mumvura uye pombi dzemvura kana mapapu akwegura asingashandurwi uye anotanga kuora. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kana mapapipiro pachavo asina kuitwa mutungamiri.

Kusvikira muna 1986, masimbi emataipi aiwanzobatanidzwa achishandisa sodder yakatungamirirwa. Saka, kunyange kana mapaipi ezvo ane zvishoma pasi pe8% zvekutungamirira (iyo inogamuchirwa pasi pemutemo uripo), iyo solder inoshandiswa kuibatanidza inogona kunge yakanyanyisa kukwirira kwekutungamirira. Kunze kwekuti mvura iongororwa, hapana nzira chaiyo yekuziva.

Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutungamirira mumvura yedu iyo inowanikwawo. Chimwe chimiro chakadai chiri kunwa mvura mumatsiguru akwegura asingatenderwi kuongororwa mune dzimwe nyika. Muna 2017, chikoro chesekondari yeSan Diego chakawana izvi bedzi mushure mekurapa imbwa yakaramba kunwa mvura kubva kune tsime.

Kunyange nekuwedzera kuedza kuongororwa kwevanhu vose, EPA inotaura kuti mvura yekunwa inogadzira zvinenge makumi maviri kubva muzana zvehupenyu hwomunhu kutungamira.

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Ceramics naCrystal

Zvimwe zvinoronga uye zvinogadzirwa zvinoshandiswa kupfekedza pombi uye zviramikisi zvine maitiro akawandisa emutungamiri uye, saizvozvowo, hazvidi kuti zvishandiswe pa dinnerware kana kushumira ndiro. Apo zvokudya kana zvinwiwa zvinowanikwa mazviri, mutungamiri anogona kubuda nyore nyore uye kuiswa.

Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune yakakura yehari uye ceramicware iyo inowanzova nenzvimbo dzekudzikisa uye kuora. Kunyanya kunetseka ndezvekutengeswa kwebindu rehari iyo inogona kutumidzwa "kutungamira-asi" asi ichiri nemhando dzakawandisa dzesimbi inobviswa. Chiyeuchidzo cha2012 chakabudiswa neU.S. Food and Drug Administration chakakurudzira vatengi vematambudziko mushure mekukwirira kwehuwandu hweutungamiri vakawanikwa mune zvekutengesa ceramicware kubva kuMexico.

Kutungamirirwa kwekristini kunewo kunetseka. Zvinyorwa zvinotambudza zvakanyanya sezvo waini, doro, uye mashizha anovhiringidza zvinogona kukurudzira kuendeswa kwekutungamira kuenda kunotonhora mvura. Kana iwe wakatungamira glassware, EPA inokurudzira kuti isashandise kana zuva rimwe nerimwe kana kuchengetedza kwekudya kana mvura.

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Mishonga yeChechi uye Zvikwereti

Mishonga yemagariro inofanirwa kubvumidza kunetseka sezvavari kunyanya kusatenderwa muUnited States.

Ayurvedic mishonga uye mishonga yevanhu inotengeswa kubva kuIndia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Dominican Republic, neMexico inonyanya kunetseka sezvo pasina nzira yekuongorora kuti zvigadzirwa zvakange zvakaitwa sei, kuti vangangodaro vakanatswa kana kurapwa sei, uye pasi mamiriro api avakagadzirwa.

Ichokwadi, kutungamirira, sulfuri, arsenic, mhangura, uye ndarama zvinowedzera nemaune kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzeAyurvedic pasi pekutenda kuti dzinopa hutano hunobatsira, inoti vatsvakurudzi veYale University School of Medicine.

Pakati pemishonga yevanhu iyo CDC yakaratidza seyengozi yakakura yekufambisa kutsvaga:

• Azarcon uye greta ndiwo mishonga yemitauro yePenica inotorwa kuti ishungurudzike mudumbu.
• Ba- baw -san iri mushonga wemishonga weChina wakashandiswa kurapa colic.
• Daw tway ibasa rekudya rinoshandiswa muThailand neMyanmar.
• Ghasard imishonga yemuIndia inoshandiswa se tonic.

Uyezve, haisi mishonga chete inofungidzirwa; zvinoshandiswa pamakwenzi uye zvipfeko zvinosanganisirawo.

Nzvimbo dzinotengeswa kubva kuMexico, Malaysia, China, neIndia (kunyanya iyo yakagadzirwa netamarind, chili yehushi, kana mamwe marashi) inofanira kudziviswa sezvo izvi zvinowanzowedzera huwandu hwekutungamirira. Izvo zvinoshandawo kune zvipfeko zvetsika, zvakadai sa kohl zvinoshandiswa mune zvikamu zveMiddle East, North Africa, uye Southeast Asia kuti ichitaridze maziso.

Kunyange kutengeswa kwemazuva ose semakumbo emakumbo uye eyeliners kunofanira kudziviswa sezvavasingazviisi pasi pechirwere chisati chiripo chekutsvaga kwemashamba rinorayirwa pasi pe US Federal Food, Drug, uye Cosmetic Act.

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Mabasa uye Hobbies

Maererano neEPA, huwandu hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa nehupfu hwevanhu vakuru hunokonzerwa nekushanda kwebasa. Pakati pezvimwe zvemabhizimisi umo mukana wekutsvaga mutungamiri wakakwirira:

• Auto body repair and repainting
• Zvibvumirano uye bullet yokugadzira
• Bhatiri yekugadzira uye kugadziridza zvakare
• Kuvaka (kunyanya kudzorerwa kana kudzorera)
• Kufambisa mazano emhando
• Girazi kana kugadzira kristini
• Lead smelting
• Lead weight production
• Chikafu chinodzokorora zvakare
• Mining
• Pewter yekugadzira
• Kupinza mabomba uye radiator kugadzirisa
• Shipbuilding
• Kutsigira kwesimbi

Vanyori vanoita zvinhu zvinotevera vari pangozi:

• Mifananidzo yekuveza
• Auto kugadzirisa
• Electrician soldering
• Kubwinya kwebumbiro rakagadzirwa
• Metal soldering
• Kuumbwa kwezvipembenene, slugs, kana kuti hove dzinopinza
• Kugadzira-girazi rakagadzirwa
• Kupfura zvombo

Ani naani anobata mabasa aya kana mabasa anokwanisa kuunza kutungamirira mudzimba dzavo. Saka zvakakosha, naizvozvo, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwehuwandu kuburikidza nekugadzirisa nekuchinja zvipfeko zvako neshangu usati wapinda mumba kana kuti unobata nhengo dzemhuri.

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Toys

Zvitsva zvinoumbwa munyika umo kushandiswa kweutungamiri kusingagadziriswi kunogonawo kuisa njodzi. Chikamu chinotinetsa ndechekuti pane kazhinji kacho nzira shoma yekuziva kana chido chekutengeserana chirikuchengeteka sezvo pasina maitiro aripo panzvimbo yekugara achivhara.

Nezvo izvo zvataurwa, sezvo mitemo itsva yekutumira yakagadzwa neU.S. Product Safety Commission muna 2008, nhamba yekutambisa inotakura inofungidzira yakaburuka kubva muna19 muna 2008 kusvika zero muna 2017.

Asi, haisi kungoendeswa kune zvigaro zvemashoko zvinodhaka. Zvinyorwa zvekare zvekare, mabhokisi emasikati, uye kunyange makrayoni ekare angave ane zvakawanda zvekutungamirira. Sezvo zvakadaro, zvingava zviri nani kuchengetedza zvinhu izvi muchikwata chekuratidzira kana kuti uzvikanda kunze kana zvisingafungi sekuchengetedza.

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Kuberekwa

Apo mutungamiri unopinda mumuviri wako, unogona kuunganidzwa mumatumbu akawanda, kusanganisira ayo europi, matumbo, itsvo, chiropa, nemapfupa.

Munguva yepamuviri, kutungamirira mumapfupa kunogona kuva nengozi zvakanyanya sezvo kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunogona kukonzera kupera kwemapfupa kwenguva refu . Kana izvi zvikaitika, mutungamiri anogona kubuda mukati mehutano uye anokonzera kutyisa kunzvimbo dzine ngozi. Vana vanobudiswa kutungamira vari muchizvaro vari pangozi yekudzikira pasi, kuberekwa, uye kunyange kutapukira.

Kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva kwe calcium supplement panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kupikisana nemigumisiro.

> Sources:

> Aquilera, E. Kutungamirira MuTsime Rokunwa? California Zvikoro Ikozvino Irai Test For It. KQED Science. Yakabudiswa musi waJanuary 10, 2018.

> Environmental Protection Agency. Chengetedza Mhuri Yako kubva paZvipimo kusvika Kukutungamirira. Washington, DC; yakarongedzwa naAugust 2017.

> Gunturu, K .; Nagarajan, P .; uye Mchedhani. Ayurvedic herbal medicine uye lead poisoning. J Hematol Oncol. 2011; 4:51. DOI: 10.1186 / 1756-8722-4-51.

> Schwarz, K; Pouyat, R .; uye Yesilnois. I. Nheyo dzeMutungamiri Munyika yeCalm City: Zvidzidzo kubva kuBaltimore Ecosystem Study. Int J Maererano neHurumende yeHurumende. 2016; 13 (2): 209. DOI: 10.3390 / ijerph13020209.

> US Food and Drug Administration. Nhungamiro Yekambani: The Safety of Imported Traditional Pottery Yakagadzirirwa Kushandiswa Nezvokudya uye Kushandiswa kweMutambo "Kutungamira Nesimba" muKunyorerwa kwePubheri; uye Kuzivikanwa Kwakakodzera Kwekushongedza uye Kurongedza Ceramicware. Silver Spring, Maryland; yakabudiswa muna November 2010.