Chirongwa cheNzira dzekuvhiya
Paunenge uchida kurapwa-uye chiremba mukuru wechiremba kuti aite-zvakakosha kunzwisisa chirwere chekuvhiya chaunoda. Kuziva rudzi rwechiremba anovhiya iwe unoda kunokosha pakusarudza munhu akakodzera webasa racho. Kuve chiremba hakukwanisi kuti munhu akwanise kuita chirwere chako-vanoda kuva chiremba chaiyo chechiremba. Uye vanachiremba vose havana kufanana.
Ndiani Anofanira Kuvhiya?
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kune chirwere chaiyo chaiyo chechiremba anovhima uyo anofanirwa kuita zvaunofunga. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe waputsa gumbo rako, unoda chiremba wezvechiremba anonyanya kugadzirisa mapfupa.
Kunyange zvazvo inowanzojekesa kuti chiremba chechiremba chinoda chii, pane nzvimbo iyo inyanzvi dzezviremba vanovhiya dzinopinda. Muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi chirwere chepamupa, chinogona kuitwa neurosurgeons uye majoka emapfupa .
Irourosurgeon inogona kuva yakakodzeri yekuvhiyiwa pamusana waro, asi chiremba wezvechiremba anogona kunge akakodzera zvakanyanya nenyaya nemapfupa emumusana.
Kazhinji, iwe unoda chirembareya ane zvigaro zvakanakisisa zvekuita nzira yaunoda. Chiremba uyo angave ari DO kana MD, vaduku kana vakuru, varume kana vakadzi. Vanogona kunge vane unhu hwekuvhenekera kana kuti vangave vasina shamwari. Asi chinonyanya kukoshesa kukwanisa kwavo kuita nzira yako nehukuru.
Ndiani Asingafaniri Kuvhiya?
MuUnited States, chiremba anovhiya ane makore mashoma mashanu ekurovedza kwokugara.
Uye vamwe vanachiremba uye vashandi vanoita zvepasitori vane makore mazhinji ekurovedza vasati vasarudza kuzvimirira. Hazvina kukwana kuva chiremba, munhu anoita chiito chako unoda kudzidziswa sechiremba wechiremba uyewo akadzidziswa muhutano hwakanaka.
Chirwere chechiremba chakanaka chichava:
- Bhoditi Yakagadziriswa muhutano kuvhiyiwa kwako kunoda.
- Kuita nzira yaunoda pane imwe nguva kana nguva dzose.
- Iva nhoroondo yemigumisiro yakanaka kwazvo inoita nzira yaunoda.
- Rusununguko rwezvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera zvinokonzera kushandiswa nevaimbove varwere.
- Mukumira kwakanaka neBhodi yeMishonga.
- Kuvhiya kuchipatara kana kuti chirinho chekuvhiya chinopa hutano hwakanaka.
Kurovedzwa Kwechiremba
Vashandi vanovhiya vanotevera nzira inofanirwa yekuita basa muUnited States. Vakawanda vanotanga basa ravo nekuenda kuchikoro chezvokurapa iyo inoteverwa nekugara kwekuvhiya kunogara kwemakore mashanu. Dzimwe nzira, dzakadai seOstetrics / Gynecology, dzakasiyana zvakasiyana. Kugara kwechikoro kunodzidzisa vanachiremba chiitiko chekuvhiya kwevakawanda.
Mushure mekugara kwavo, chiremba anovhiya anogona kudzidzira akazvimirira sechiremba anovhiya.
Nyanzvi dzechiremba-vanachiremba vanovhiya-vanogona kudzidzisa mune imwe yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzehutano uye vangaramba vachienderera mberi ne subspecialty mushure mekutanga kwavo kudzidziswa. Somuenzaniso, chiremba anovhiya angapedzisa chirwere chekugara achigara uye ozosarudza kupedza dzidzo yakawedzerwa mumapurisa e cardio-thoracic (mwoyo / lung). Zvadaro, vaikwanisa kuenderera mberi vachitsvaka imwe subspecialty, yakadai sechipatara chekuvhiya mwoyo.
Uyezve, vanachiremba vanogonawo kuisa mukati mehutano hwavo hwakasarudzwa. Vanachiremba vemajozi vanogona kutarisa pakuita moyo kupfurikidza nekuvhiya , kugadzirisa mwoyo yemagetsi , kana kumwe kurapwa kwemwoyo kana kuti vanogona kuita maitiro akawanda ekuvhiya mwoyo. Somuenzaniso, chiremba anovhiya anoita sechiremba anovhiya angasarudza kuita mapendendomi kana zvichibvira. Nokudaro, nekuita zvirongwa zvakawanda, chiremba anovhiya akasarudza kuongororwa mukuwedzera kwekuwedzera asi achiri nekwanisi nekudzidzira kuita mamwe mavhivhi akawanda.
Anesthesiology
Kunyange zvazvo anesthesiologists vasiri vanachiremba, chiitiko ichi chinowanzoshanda pamwe chete nevanovhiya, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti kuvhiyiwa kuitwe kunze kwekuti murwere achinzwa nzira yacho. Anesthesia vanachiremba, avo vanowanzoshanda pamwe nevanamukoti vakarovedzwa mune anesthesia (CRNA), vanopa sedation munguva yekuvhiya kana kutarisira vamwe vanoita. Zvinopawo kudzivirira kunorwadza, zvakadai sepachirwere vasati vasununguka. Vamwe anesthesiologists vanoshanda kunze kwekamuri yekushandira, vachipa marwadzo kutarisira kune varwere vanoda kubatsirwa kubva mukurwadziwa kusingaperi uye zviratidzo zvakabatana.
Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric surgeons ndeavo vanogona mukurapa kuneta nekuvhiya. Kazhinji, vanachiremba vairatikiti vave vachitsvaga dzidzo inowedzera mushure mokunge vagari vomunharaunda vanogara vakanyatsogadzirisa munzvimbo ino. Zvinofadza kuti kune marudzi akawanda ekurema kurasika
Cardiac uye Cardiothoracic Surgery
Kuvhiya kwepanyama ndiko kukodzera kwekutarisa nyaya dzemwoyo nekuvhiya.
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Cataract Surgery: Njodzi uye Zvinetso zveCataract Removal
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Gender Reassignment Surgery: Aimbozivikanwa seAs Sex Change Surgery
Vanachiremba vezvechirwere chepachiviri vangaita chirwere kuvana vacheche uye vacheche kugadzirisa nyaya dzaivepo pakuberekwa. Zvinyorwa zvevanhu vakuru zvinowanzobatanidzidza kugadzirisa uye kutora mafungiro emwoyo (ayo ave achirwara nezera) uye achirapa chirwere chegoni. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidzwa nekurapa kwemapapu, anonzi chirwere chema cardiothoracic-kukodzera kwekutarisa nyaya mukati mebhokisi.
Colon uye Rectal Surgery
Ichi ndicho chiitiko chokuvhiya chekurapa nyaya dzemukumbo muduku uye mukuru, rectum uye anus nekuvhiyiwa.
General Surgery
Kazhinji kuvhiyiwa uku ndiko kuyanana kwekurapa nyaya dzinowanikwa mumimba, dzakadai semasenias uye appendicitis, nekuvhiyiwa. Vanachiremba vakawanda vanovhiya chirongwa chekugara chirwere chekugara uye vanogona kusarudza kuita chirwere chikuru kana kudzidzira mberi mune imwe nzvimbo inokosha.
Gynecology uye Obstetrics Surgery
Izvi zvinozivikanwa, zvinowanzozivikanwa seB OB / GYN, inopa hutano hwakanaka, inobata nyaya nehutano hwekuberekwa nenzira isina uye kuvhiyiwa, inopa utano hwekuberekwa, uye inopa kutarisira panguva yekuzvimba uye kubereka-izvo zvinogona kusanganisira chikamu chekudzivirira.
Gynecologic Oncology
Iyi ndiyo inyanzvi yekuvhiya yekurapa kenza yekuberekwa muvakadzi. Pane zvimwe zvinobatana pakati peB / GYN uye gynecologic oncology. Semuenzaniso, zvose zviri zviviri zvakadzidziswa kuita chirongwa che hysterectomy. Asi gynecologic oncologist yakanyatsoita pakuita chirwere ichi semishonga zvakananga kune kenza pane pane imwe mamiriro.
Maxillofacial Surgery
Kuvhiya Maxillofacial ndiyo inokosha yekurapa nyaya dzemuromo, musana, mutsipa, uye mapfupa emeso nekuvhiyiwa. Nyaya idzi dzinogona kuvapo panguva yekuberekwa kana dzinogona kukonzerwa nekutambudzika kana zvirwere.
Neurosurgery
Ichi ndicho chinokosha chekurapa nheyo yepamusoro yenheyo , kusanganisira uropi nemutsipa wesipinha , nekuvhiyiwa. Iyi nzira yekuvhiya inogona kusanganisira kuvhiyiwa kweuropi, kuvhiyiwa kugadzirisa marwadzo kumashure, kurapwa kwekenza mukati mehutachiona hwehurwere, uye mamwe maitiro emagetsi.
Oncology
Oncology ndiyo izwi rinowanikwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakuvhiya kuporesa makondombera mumuviri wose. Zvisinei, zvakawanda zvinokosha, zvinotapira kenza sechikamu chemuitiro wavo. Semuenzaniso, otolaryngology inogona kubata chirwere chemuhuro uye vanachiremba vanogona kuita basa mukurapa kenza yemapfupa. Kunyange zvazvo vangave vasingaiti zvakananga munzvimbo ye oncology, vanogona kuzviita nekudzidziswa kwavo.
Ophthalmology
Ichi ndicho chiitiko chekurapa maziso eziso nekuvhiya. Iyi mamiriro acho angave aripo kubva pakuberekwa, akabatana nejodzi kana kushungurudzika, kana kukura nezera.
Oral Surgery
Iko kunokosha kunobata nyaya dzemazino nekuvhiyiwa, zvakadai sokubviswa kwezino huchenjeri uye midzi inogona.
Orthopedic Surgery
Kuvhiya kunoshandiswa mukugadzirwa uku uku kubata nharo nemapfupa, majoints, ligaments, uye tendon muvana nevakuru.
Otolaryngology (Mhete, Nose, uye Nyama)
Iyi ndiyo inyanzvi yekushandisa kurapwa kubata zvirwere zvenzeve, mhino, nehuro (ENT).
Vanachiremba Vanachiremba
Izvi zvakakosha pakurapa hutano hwevana neuropiramu inowanzobatanidzwa nevamwe vanokosha, zvakadai sevana vane chirwere chinonzi neurosurgery kana chirwere chepodha chirwere. Zvinofadza kuti vamwe vanhu vakuru vanorapwa navanachiremba vezvechipatara pazvipatara kana chirwere chavo chiripo pakuberekwa kana muhuduku. Vanachiremba vanotevera vanonyatsodzidziswa kutarisana nehutano hwemwana chaiwo:
- Chiremba wokuvhiya: Anotarisa pakuvhiyiwa kwevana vanozvarwa nevana.
- Chiremba wokurapa: Nzvimbo itsva uye inowanzoedza kuvhiyiwa iyo nzira inogadziriswa kugadzirisa nyaya isati yaberekwa mwana asati aberekwa.
Chirongwa chePlastiki / Zvimwe Zvokuvhiya uye Zvokuvandudza
Izvi zvinosanganisira kukosha kwekunatsiridza chitarisiko chezvikonzero zvezvipfeko kana kugadzirisa kukanganisa kana kukanganisa kwechimiro chinonakidza kana basa rakanaka. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pamakirini ekurapa vana, kuita kururamisa kwemashoko akadai se cleft palate, kana kune vanhu vakuru, kupa rhinoplasty (basa remaputi) kana mazamu kuwedzera.
Podiatry
Kukosha kwekushanda kwetsoka kunogona kuitwa nachiremba, akadai sechiremba wemapfupa, kana chiremba chechimiro. Izwi remishonga yemapurini uye chimiro chechimiro chinowanzoreva kune chiremba, uyo haasi chiremba asi anodzidziswa kuita tsoka uye mazamu ezvekuvhiya.
Thoracic Surgery
Iyi ndiyo inokosha yekurapa nyaya mumapfupa emuti, kusina mwoyo (chirwere chema cardiothoracic), nekuvhiyiwa.
Kubika Kuvhiya
Kudzorera nhengo dzakakundikana kana dzinorwara nezvikamu zvakapiwa mukuvhiyiwa ndezvekukosha. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzechiremba uye chizivo chinopinda mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupemha. Semuenzaniso, vana vaduku uye vanachiremba vanovhima vanowanzoshanda nezviviri zvemuviri, kusanganisira mumatumbo, pancreas, itsvo, uye chiropa. Uye vanachiremba vane chirwere chemapurini, vose vana uye vana vakuru, vanowanzoshanda nemwoyo uye mapapu ekuputika.
Trauma Surgery
Iyi ndiyo inokosha yekurapa kukuvadzwa pamusana pemotokari yemotokari, kuputira mavanga , stabbings, uye mamwe maitiro emagumisiro ekugadzirisa nekuvhiyiwa. Zviitiko zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira chirwere chekuvhiya chakarovedzwa, vashandi vezvipembenene, vashandi vezvechiremba, uye neurosurgeons vanogona kutora chikamu mukugadzirisa matambudziko.
Urology
Urology ihwohwo hutano hwehutano uye hwekuvhiya hwekurapedza nyaya mumugwagwa wemuguta. Izvi zvinogona kutarisa kubva mukurapa zviratidzo zvechirwere chisina kupindira kuita zvishoma nezvishoma zvinokonzera kushandiswa kweminyo yemabwe. Vamwe vanachiremba vanoita zvese zviduku uye zvakakura zvokuvhiya, zvakadai sekubviswa kweprostate kunopedza kenza.
Vascular Surgery
Ichi ndicho chizivo chekurapa nyaya dzemitsipa yeropa nekuvhiya. Izvo zvinoitwa kuti zvigadzire zvipfeko zvakadai sevaricose vevine, kuti zvipfeke mishonga isiri kutakura ropa rakakwana kusvika kumigumo, uye kugadzirisa tsvina.
> Kwakabva:
> Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. 2005.