Kupfuura Zika: Chii Chingafanira Kuziva Pamusoro Pomurume-Zvirwere Zvirwere

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6 Mushonga-Kurwara Zvirwere

Vazhinji veAmerica vanofunga nezveumhutu mumashoko akawanda: Kuruma kwemumonyo kunokonzerwa nemukango. Zvisinei, kune marudzi akasiyana eumhutu kunze uko, uye marudzi akasiyana eumhutu anokonzera zvinopfuura kungovhiringidza kwemaitiro anowanikwa munzvimbo inogadzirisa zvirwere zvinoshandiswa kana kuti inopy red bump. Utsi hwakasiyana hunokwanisa kuparadzira marudzi akasiyana ezvirwere zvakakomba.

Semuenzaniso, Culex genus of menoti inoparadzira utachiona hweWest Nile, St. Louis encephalitis uye arboviridae. Utsi hweAnophelus genus anopararira marariya. Uyezve, utano hweAedes-zvikurukuru Aedes aegypti asiwo Aedes ablopictus- inoita yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, uye Zika virusi.

Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinokonzera kukwanisa kwomurumuko kuti kubudirire kupararira chirwere ndicho chinonyanya kuda nzvimbo. Culex pipiens , iyo inopararira kumavirira kweNire, inoda yakasvibiswa, yakasvibiswa, uye yakasviba mvura. Anopheles mhuka, iyo inopararira marariya, inosarudza mvura isingaperi, yakadai semakungwa, dziva, uye matamba.

Kusiyana neizvi, Aedes aegypti , iyo inoparadzira Zika virusi , dengue, uye chikungunya, inonzi mutezo wemvura inoyerera inogona kubereka mumvura shoma shoma, kusanganisira zviduku zviduku. Kusiyana neAedes ablopictus , iyo yakawanda yemusango wekumaruwa uye isingabatanidzi zvirwere zvinopararira zvinosanganisira Zika virusi, Aedes aegypti ine nzvimbo yakasarudzwa yemadhorobha.

Zvakatorwa pamwechete, nzvimbo idzi dzinofanirwa kutsanangurwa dzinotsanangura kuti nei kuve nekuputika kweZika chirwere mumvura yakanyorova, ine mvura, ine nzvimbo yakawanda yakadai semaya eBrazil. Sezvo iwe ungangodaro wakanzwa, zvinenge 4000 mikana dzekuzvarwa patsva microcephaly, vazhinji vanofungidzirwa kuti vane chokuita nehutachiona hweZika hutachiona, vakaonekwa muBrazil muna 2015.

Heano zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotakura mutezo:

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Yellow Fever

Muna 1904, maAmerica akatanga kuvaka paPanama Canal (mushure mokunge vaFrance vakasiya basa racho), iro nhasi rinosangana neAtlantic nePacific Oceans. Pakazosvika 1906, 85 muzana yevashandi vakange vapindwa muchipatara ne yellow fever kana malariya. Pakati pezvirwere izvi zvinokonzerwa noupenzi, yellow fever yaifungidzirwa yakaipisisa.

Yellow fever inonyanya kuparadzirwa neAedes aegypti , iyo inozivikanwawo sehupenzi hwe yellow fever . Mabhedha anopisa kwehutachiona anosanganisira Africa uye Latin America. Zviratidzo zve yellow fever zvinogona kubva pazvirwere zvishoma kusvika kuhutachiona hwehutachiona hwemhepo. (Ebola uye dengue inogonawo kukonzera utachiona hwehutachiona hwemhepo.)

Yellow fever inouraya anenge 20 kubva muzana yevanhu vose iyo inokonzera. Zviratidzo zvakakomba zvinosanganisira kupera kwemafivha, kukanganisa, kurutsira, musoro wepamusoro, arrhythmias, coma, uye kushamiswa. Yechikoro chechipiri chezviratidzo ine albuminuria (protein mumuguta), jaundice (ndicho chikonzero ichi chirwere chinonzi yellow fever) uye black emesis, kana kurutsa.

Chirwere che yellow fever chinoratidza zviratidzo uye chinosanganisira mishonga yekununurwa nemarwadzo. Kune urwere hunobatsira zvikuru hunodzivirira yellow fever.

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Chikungunya

Kufanana nefivha fever, chikungunya inoparadzirwa neAedes aegypti . Chikungunya inopararirawo nemusango weAsia tiger ( Aedes albopictus ).

Zvichida chinhu chakanaka chete pamusoro pechikungunya , kunze kwezita rayo rakanyanyisa, ndechekuti chirwere ichi hachingakuurayi. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana iwe uine shungu zvakakwana kuti utapukwe nechirwere ichi, gadzirira kwevhiki imwe yeherohena-kureba kwenguva refu.

Chikungunya inokonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya, kuora musoro, fivha, nekukurumidza. Kurwadziwa pamwe chete kunogona kupfuurira kwemakore mushure moutachiona.

Zvimwe kunze kwokusimbisa kurapa, semvura uye marwadzo anorwadza zvakadai seTylenol, hapana chinoita chikungunya. Panewo hutachiona hwekudzivirira chirwere ichi. Vanhu vanogara munharaunda dzinonzi chikungunya dzinofanira kupfeka zvipembenene zvakadzivirirwa uye dzinovhara kuti ivhenewe utsi hwemhutu.

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Dengue

Dengue inoparadzirwa neAedes aegypti uye Aedes albopictus .

Dengue inopa zvakawanda zvakafanana chikungunya; fivhiri, kukwikwidza, uye musoro kune dzose pamusangano. Zvisinei, panzvimbo yemarwadzo akabatana (arthralgia) anowanzoita chikungunya, dengue inopa marwadzo emisungo kana myalgias. Izvi zvinorwadza musuru zvinogona kuva zvakasimba kwazvo zvokuti dengue yakanyora moniker yayo: "breakbone fever."

Vanhu vazhinji vane dengue fever vanowanazve. Zvinosuruvarisa, vamwe vanoenderera mberi kukudziridza dengue humorrhagic fever , iyo inouraya pasina nguva yekutanga uye nehasha zvinotsigira kutarisira pamwe chete nemvura inopisa, kuwedzerwa ropa, nezvimwe zvakanyanya kutarisirwa. Vanhu vane dengue hemorrhagic fever avo vakasara vasina kutenderwa vanoguma vachibuda ropa kubva kumativi akawanda emuviri uye vanogona kufa nekutya.

Dengue fever inotapwa zviratidzo, uye hapana mushonga uripo.

Pashure pemakore makumi maviri ekutsvakurudza, French pharmaceutical firm Sanofi yakagadzira chirwere che dengue muna 2015.

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Malariya

Marariya inopararira naAnophelus muteve, anotakura chirwere chePlasmodium .

Malariya inotarisira kukonzera mamiriyoni evanhu vakafa pagore; inopararira isina kukanganiswa munyika dzakawanda dzichiri kusimukira nedzimwe nyika dzinotyisa uye dzinogara pasi.

Heano zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvemarariya:

• kurwisa kwepakati pefivhiri, kutuka, uye chills
• headache
• kurutsa
• musimba kurwadziwa (myalgia)
• anemia
• thrombocytopenia (kuparadzwa kweplatelet)
• splenomegaly (yakawedzera spleen)

Utachiona hwakawandisa nemarariya hunoita kuti utano hwehupenyu hunoparadza, hypotension (ngozi ine ngozi shoma yeropa), pulmonary edema (mvura inopisa mumapapu), chirwere chakakomba chinoputika, mishonga yemunyu (mutumbi wemunyu) nezvimwewo.

Nenzira inonakidza, mishonga yemishonga yemishonga inobatsira pakurapa malaria; chloroquine inotanga kurapa.

Zvirwere zvehutachiona zvinogonawo kushandiswa seprophylaxis kudzivirira marariya mufambi.

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Virus yeNew West

Pachikepe cheEastern America cheUnited States, Culex pipien anoparadzira utachiona hweWest Nile. Kusiyana nezvimwe zvinonzi mutsutso, iyo inopararira utachiona pakati pevanhu, Culex pipiens anotumira kuNyeri Nile mushure mekurumidzira shiri pakutanga ndokuzoita munhu wechipiri.

Vanhu vakawanda vane utachiona hweWest Nile vanoburukira pasi vasina zviratidzo uye saka havazivi. ICDC inofungidzira kuti mumwe wevashanu vane utachiona hweWest Nile vanotanga zviratidzo zvemakirini zvishoma, kusanganisira fivha, kushambidzika, chirwere, kurwisa, uye aches nemarwadzo.

Vanhu vashomanana - kunyanya vanhu vakwegura kudarika makore makumi matanhatu nemamiriro ezvinhu sechirwere cheshuga, hypertension, kana kenza-endai kuwedzera hutachiona hwakakomba. Utachiona hwakakomba hunosanganisira matambudziko emagetsi: meningitis kana encephalitis. Inenge 10 kubva muzana yevanhu vanoita zvirwere zvakanyanya.

Ikoko hakuna mushonga kana chirwere chetachiona cheWest Nile. Kune vanhu vane chirwere chinorwara, zviratidzo zvechiratidzo zvinopiwa. Vanhu vane chirwere chakakomba vanoda rubatsiro rwekusimbisa uye yekurapa.

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Zika Virus

Kufanana nedengue, yellow fever, uye chikungunya, Zika utachiona hunoparadzirwa neAedes aegypti .

Mukutanga kwegore ra2016, WHO yakaratidza kuti chirwere cheZika chaiva chehutano hwehutano hwepasi rose nekuda kwekubatana kwechisimba kune microcephaly uye zvimwe zvikanganiso zvekuberekwa pakati pevana vacheche veBrazil.

_Sources:

_{Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ. Malariya. Mu: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ. eds. Kurapa Nokukurumidza Kurapa Nokurapa 2016 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2016. Yakasvika musi waFebruary 05, 2016.}

_{Venugopal R, D'Andrea S. Global Travelers. Mu: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Yealy DM, Meckler GD, Cline DM. eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2016. Yakasvika musi waFebruary 04, 2016.}