Kuvhiringidzika kunowanikwa muhupo hwemumiri, utachiona, kana chiitiko chinogona kukuvadza muviri. Ne HIV zvakanyatsonaka, iyo nyaya yakaoma zvikuru kupfuura iyo mamiriro acho ose ane chikonzero uye chiitiko. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuputika kunoitika sehupindure zvakananga kuhutachiona hweHIV pachahwo. Pamwe, chirwere chisingaperi-icho chinopfuurira kunyange kana munhu ari nehutachiona hweHIV-chinogona kuisa pachena kukuvadzwa kwemasero akare uye masukisi asina kubatwa neHIV.
Iko kunobata-22 iyo inopfuurira kuvhiringidza masayendisiti uye kupikisa vanhu vanorarama nechirwere.
Kuvhiringidzika Kunotsanangurwa
Kuvhiringidzika inzira yakaoma yehupenyu inowanikwa mukupikisa pathogen (yakafanana nehutachiona, mabhakitiriya, kana marasita), uyewo kuiswa kune zvinokonzera tsvina kana kukuvara. Icho chitendero chekudzivirirwa kwemaviri emumuviri, imwe inotarisira kugadzirisa masero akaora uye kudzorera muviri kuhutano hwakanaka, hutano hwakanaka.
Kana utachiona kana kushungurudzika zvichiitika, muviri unopindura nokuderedza zviduku mumudziyo wegazi kuti uwedzere ropa rega uye kukwana kwezvishongo zvevascular. Izvozvi, zvinotadzisa tishu kuti tive nekudzivirira, kurega ropa uye kudzivirira masero eropa eropa kuti apinde mukati. Aya masero (anonzi neutrophils uye monocytes) akapoteredza uye anoparadza chero mutorwa wekunze, shure kwaizvozvo achibvumira kuporesa kutanga.
Dzimwe nguva kuvhiringidza kunogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo, sezvazvinoitika nekuchekwa kana kudyiwa kwezvipembenene.
Pamwe dzimwe nguva, inogona kuve yakagadzirwa uye inoshandisa muviri wose, sezvinogona kuitika panguva yehutachiona kana zvimwe zvinodhaka zvemishonga.
Kuvhiringidza kunowanzorongwa sekuve kwakanyanya kana kusingaperi. Kuvhiringidza kwakanyanya kunoonekwa nekukurumidza kusvika uye kwenguva pfupi. NeHIV, somuenzaniso, utachiona hutsva hunogona kuita kuti munhu apindure zvakanyanya, zvinowanzokonzera kuputika kwema-lymph nodes, zviratidzo zvakadai sechirwere, uye kuputika kwemuviri.
Kusiyana neizvi, kupera kusingaperi kunopfuurira kwenguva yakareba kwenguva. Zvakare, tinoona izvi neHIV, umo zviratidzo zvinotadza zvinogadzirisa asi hutachiona hwepasi huripo. Kunyange zvazvo pangava nehomanana, kana pane, zviratidzo panguva iyi isingaverengeki muchero wehutachiona, muviri uchange uchienderera mberi uchipindura kuvapo kweHIV nehupfuuriro hunoramba huri pasi.
Kune Zvakawanda Zvizhinji Zvakanaka Here?
Kuvhiringidza kazhinji chinhu chakanaka. Asi kana ikaenda isingabvumirwi, inogona kuchinja muviri wayo pachayo nekukohwa kukanganisa kwakakomba. Zvikonzero izvi izvi zvose zviri nyore uye kwete-zvakajeka.
Kubva pane zvakatarisa, kuvapo kwepi neipi pathogen kuchaita kuti zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvirambe zvichiitika, nechinangwa chekutsvaga nekuuraya mutorwa wenyika. Panguva iyi, masero anowanzogonawo kukuvara kana kuparadzwa. Apo nzira yacho inobvumirwa kuramba ichitsemuka, sezvinoitika neHIV, kupesana kukuru kunowanikwa pamasero anotanga kukwira.
Zvakanyanya kuipa, kunyange kana munhu akaiswa pahutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona , hucharamba huri pasi, huputi hwekudzivirira kwezinga nekuda kwekuti hutachiona huchiripo. Uye nezvo izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuti kupisa hakusi kwechinetso panguva ino, haisi nguva dzose.
Kutsvakurudzwa kwechangobva kuitika kwevatachiona vehutachiwana hweHIV (vanhu vakakwanisa kubvisa hutachiona pasina kushandisa madhiragi) vakaratidza kuti, pasinei nekubatsirwa kwekuchengetedza kwenyama, paiva nehuwandu huwandu hwehutano hwehutachiona hunokwana 77% uye humwe zvirwere kana uchienzaniswa nekurapwa , vasiri vamiririri vatongi.
Kuti zviyero zvakafanana zvechirwere zvakaratidzwa kune vasina kutenderwa, vasiri vatungamiri vasiri ivo vanoratidza zvakasimba kuti mitezo yemuviri kune HIV inogona kukonzera migumisiro yakareba kwenguva refu sechirwere chacho pacharo.
Zvatinoona kune vanhu vane chirwere chenguva refu dzimwe nguva zvinoshanduka zvakanyanya kumagadzirirwo emasero, kusvika pasi pakuparara kweiyo genetic coding. Iko kushanduka kunoenderana neavo vanoonekwa kune vakwegura, umo masero asingagoni kudzokorora uye anotanga kuwana izvo zvatinoti apoptosis isati yatanga (kutanga kwemafaira kufa). Izvi, zvakare, zvinowedzera kuwedzera kwemitemo yechirwere chepfungwa, kenza, zvinetso zvepvo, kuora mwoyo, uye dzimwe zvirwere zvinowanzobatanidzwa nezera rekare.
Zvechokwadi, kusagadzikana kusingaperi, kunyange pamatanho akaderera, kunogona "kukwegura" muviri musati wasvika nguva , kazhinji nemakore gumi kusvika ku15.
Iyo Yakanyatsobatana Izvo Pakati Pokuvhiringidza uye Kurwara
Nepo vatsvakurudzi vachiri kunetseka kuti vanzwisise nzira dzinokonzera zviitiko izvi zvakaipa, tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzakatijekesa maererano neshamwari iri pakati pekugara nekurwara uye chirwere.
Mukuru pakati peiyi ndiyo mazano ekugadzirisa maitiro eAnterretroviral Therapy (SMART), iyo yakafananidza kukanganisa kwechirongwa chekurapa kweHIV munguva pfupi nekurambidza kurapwa. Chimwe chezvinhu izvo masayendisiti akawana ndechokuti, mushure mokutanga kurapa, kuvhiringidza kwevhiringidzi muropa rakaramba asi kwete kumanzwi anoonekwa mune vanhu vasina HIV. Kugara kwechirwere kwakaramba kuripo kunyange apo kuwedzera kwehutachiona kwakagadziridzwa , mazinga ayo akanga akaenzana nekuwedzera kwemari ye arteriosclerosis (kuoma kwemariti) uye mamwe matambudziko emwoyo.
Chidzidzo chakafanana chinobva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Francisco yakaratidzazve kuwirirana kwakananga pakati pehupamhi hwemasvingo ehutachiwana kune vanhu vane HIV uye mazinga ezvokuvhiringidza masero muropa ravo. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vane HIV vakashanda masvingo uye vashoma vanovhiringidza kana vachienzaniswa neshamwari isina kutenderwa, uye havasviki kune "zvakajairika" kugadzirwa kwehutano kunoonekwa munharaunda yakawanda.
Kurwiswa kwenguva refu kwakaratidzwa kuva nemigumisiro yakadaro paitsvo, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemafrosis (kupora) uye kusvibiswa kwepvo, pamwe nechiropa, ubongo, nedzimwe zvirongwa zvegungu.
Kusaporesa Kurwara uye Upenyu Husingatarisiri
Tichifunga nezvekushamwaridzana kwezvirwere zvisingagumi uye zvirwere zvinorembera, zvakakosha here kuratidza kuti tarisiro yehupenyu inogonawo kugadziriswa kune vanhu vanorarama neHIV?
Kwete hazvo. Isu tinoziva, somuenzaniso, kuti ane makore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri ekurapa kweHIV anokwanisa kutarisira kurarama mumakore ekutanga makumi manomwe, maererano nekutsvakurudza kunobva kuNorth America AIDS Cohort Cooperation Mukutsvakurudza nekugadzira (NA-ACCORD).
Nezvo zvichitaurirwa, mararamiro eupenyu anogona kunyanya kupfupiswa semugumisiro wezvirwere izvi zvisiri zveHIV. Kuvhiringidza chinhu chikuru chinobatsira, sezvinoitwa nehutano hwehutano , hutachiona hwehutachiona , nhoroondo yemhuri, uye mararamiro emararamiro (kusanganisira kusvuta , doro, uye kudya).
Ichokwadi chinyorwa ndeichi: Kuvhiringidzika kunobatanidzwa mune imwe nzira yekuita zvinhu zvose zvakaipa zvinogona kuitika kumitumbi yedu. Uye nepo vanhu vane HIV vari kurarama kwenguva yakareba uye vachiwana zvirwere zvishomanana zvisingabatsiri kudarika kare, vanoramba vachiwedzera maitiro ezvirwere zvepfungwa uye evanhu vasina hutachiwana hweHIV kune huwandu hwevanhu.
Nokutanga kurapwa nguva pfupi, kuitora nguva dzose , uye kurarama hupenyu hwehutano hwakanyanya, dzakawanda zvezvipingamupinyi izvi zvinogona kuderedzwa kana kutobviswa. Nekufamba kwenguva, masayendisiti anotarisira kupfuurira mberi zvinangwa izvi nekuwana nzira yekugadzirisa mhinduro dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri kuti zvive nani kuderedza nguva yakareba inonetsa yekuputika.
> Sources:
> Deeks, S. Tracy, R. naDeeuk, D. "Migumisiro yeChirwere cheUrwere munguva inenge isina HIV HIV." Kusurukirwa. March 17, 2013; 39 (4): 633-645.
> Crowell, T. Gebo, K. Blankson, J. et al. "Zvipatara Zvitengo uye Zvikonzero pakati peHIV Elite Controller uye Vanhu vane Utachiona hweHIV." Clinical Infectious Diseases. December 15, 2014; doi: 10.1093 / infdis / jiu809.
> Duprez, D. Neuhaus, J. Kuller, L. et al. "Kuvhiringidza, Kubatana uye Matenda Ane Mwoyo muHIV Vanhu Vakanaka" PLOS One. Svondo 10, 2012; DOI: 10/1371 / magazini.pone.0044454.
> Hogg, R. Althoff, K. Samji, H. et al. "Kuvhara Gari: Kuwedzerwa mune tarisiro yehupenyu pakati pevanhu vanobatwa neHIV muUnited States neCanada, 2000-2007." 7th International AIDS Society (IAS) Musangano wePathogenesis, Treatment uye Prevention. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. June 30-July 3, 2013; Abstract TUPE260.