Migumisiro yakanyanya kuipa kune vanhu vane HIV
Kunyange zvazvo njodzi dzekuputa dzichizivikanwe kune ani zvake anovhenekera fodya, zviri pachena kuti zvakanyanya kuipa kune vanhu vanorarama neHIV.
Funga, kune rumwe rutivi, kuti HIV inokonzera kuputika kunoramba kuripo kunoshandura kuva mazinga akakwirira ezvesa HIV neyeusina hutachiwana hweHIV. Zvino kuwedzera kune mutoro wekusvuta uye unhu hwavo pamapapu, mwoyo, uye dzimwe nhengo dzesangano, uye zviri nyore kuona kuti sei fodya ari nhasi inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo inobatsira zvikuru kurwara uye kufa nguva isati yasvika kune vanhu vane utachiwana hweHIV-kunyange kune kunyatsodzivirira antiretroviral therapy .
Izvo zvinoita kuti izvi zvive zvakanyanya pamusoro penyaya ndeyokuti muzinga wekusvuta pakati pevanhu vane HIV muUnited States inowanikwa kaviri yevanhu vakawanda. Uye kunyange zvazvo zvikonzero zvezvizvi zvakanyanya, chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzera kukanganisa kurapa HIV sechikamu chekutarisira kwekutanga.
Kakawanda kazhinji HIV inobatwa muga woga, pamwe nevarwere uye vanachiremba vanowanzoisa zvimwe zvese zvehutano hwekudzivirira kune rumwe rutivi. Saka panzvimbo yekuisa kusvuta kupera pamwe chete nekurapa uye kutungamirirwa kwehutachiona hweHIV, tinotarisa pakuwana hutachiona hwemunhu kusvika kune zvisingagoni kuonekwa uye kusiya dambudziko rekusvuta kune rimwe zuva.
Hatigoni kuita izvozvo. Nhasi, kudzidza pashure pekudzidza kwakaratidza kuti kusvuta hakusi kunowedzera kuderedza hupenyu hwevanhu vane HIV, kunowedzera ngozi yehutano uye kunyange kutapurirwa kwezvirwere.
1. Vanhu vane HIV vanodzinga mamwe makore kusvuta kupfuura HIV
Pasinei nokuti uri nehutano hweHIV kana kuti kwete, kutsvakurudza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCopenhagen kwakagumisa kuti kusvuta sekuzviisa pangozi zvinokonzerwa nekurasikirwa noupenyu kwemakore anopfuura 12.3 kana uchienzaniswa nevasvuta munzvimbo yose.
Tsvakurudzo, iyo yaisanganisira vanhu 2 921 vane HIV uye 10 642 vasina vanhu vane hutachiona, vakawedzera kugumisa kuti kushaya kwehuwandu hwevanhu vanoputa neHIV hwakanga huri katatu kupfuura hwevamwe vasina HIV.
Pakufananidza kusvuta nevasiri vanhu vasina HIV nehutachiwana, kupesana kunowedzera.
Maererano nekudzidza, tarisiro yehupenyu hwemakore makumi maviri nemasere anopfungaira neHIV aiva makore 62.6 akaenzana nemakore 78.4 nekuda kwevanhu vasina kusvuta neHIV-kurasikirwa kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi nematanhatu.
2. Kusvuta Kunowedzera Kuwedzera Kwako Mungozi yeCcercer Risk
Emphysema nemukenza wemapapu vave kwenguva yakareba vachibatanidzwa nekutsvuta fodya, uye zvinokonzera vanhu vane HIV zvinoratidzika kunge zvakanyanya kukuvadza kupfuura zvakambofungidzirwa kare.
Chidzidzo chikuru chakaitwa neDhipatimendi reUnited States reVeteran's Affairs chakatarisa kuwanda kwekenza yemapapu pakati pevanomwe 7 294 vachiputa vane HIV uye vanokwana 75 750 vasina HIV. Mune mharidzo yavo, vatsvakurudzi vakagumisa kuti uwandu hwemapapu emapapu hwakanga huri kaviri mukusvuta kushandiswa kweHIV kana uchienzaniswa nehupfumi hwehuwandu hwevanhu, uye kuti kwaive nekuwedzera kunoshamisa, kanomwe kane mumukana wekenza yemapapu pakati pavanhu vanopinda neHIV.
Izvi zvinoita kuti zviyero zvacho zvinyanye kutyisa ndezvekuti izvi zvinowedzera zvisinei nokuti munhu ane CD4 chiyero, utachiona hwehutachiona , nhoroondo yezvirwere, kana kuti kana munhu wacho akanga asina antiretroviral therapy .
Kufa kwehuwandu pakati pevanhu vanoputa neHIV vaive vakakwirira, uye vane 10 muzana chete yemapapiro ekupona kwekenza yemapapu vachienzanisa ne40 muzana yevabi vese vari vanhu vakawanda.
3. Dambudziko Rako Rokurwa Kwemwoyo uye Stroke Inopetwa
Pasinei nekuputa kana kwete, chirwere chemwoyo chinoramba chiri chakanyanya kukanganisa kune vanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV kwenguva refu. Maererano neUnited States Veterans Administration, kusvuta sekuzviisa pangozi kunosangana nekuwedzera kwemaviri muhutano hwekushaya mwoyo kune vanhu vane HIV kana vachienzaniswa nevanhu vazhinji.
Izvi zvinoratidzika sezvokwadi kunyange kune vanhu vanobudirira kupedza remishonga inorwisa mahara (ART) , pamwe nekuongorora kwa2012 nevatsvakurudzi veMassachusetts General Hospital vachigumisa kuti ART chete haina kukwana mukuderedza kuputika kwepamusoro kunokonzerwa nehosha yemwoyo.
Kana uri munhu ane HIV ane tsvina, zvinoguma zvakanyanya kuipa, uye zvinowanzoipira nharo yemwoyo kana chirwere chepakati kana zvichienzaniswa nevanhu vane HIV vasina kumboputa.
Izvozvo hazvirevi, zvakadaro, kuti zvinhu hazvigone kutendeuka. Chidzidzo ichocho chakaratidza kuti nekumira fodya, njodzi yehosha yakaipa yemwoyo inodonhedzwa nehafu inenge mukati memakore matatu.
4. Vakasvuta Havakwanisi Kubatwa neCervical and Cancers Anal
Chirwere chemukombomu, chinonyanya kushaya chirwere chemubereki wechikanda (ICC) , chave chichirondedzerwa sehutachiona hweAIDS neCenters for Disease Control and Infection. Saizvozvowo, kenza yemuviri , inowanzoonekwa muhuwandu hwevanhu, inowanikwa pamatunhu akakwirira anoshamisa kune vane HIV-vane hukama vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) .
Ipapillomavirus yemunhu (HPV) inobatanidza nezvose zvekenza iyi, neimwe "dambudziko guru" rinokurudzira kukura kwezvipembenene zvekare-izvo zvinogonawo kuenderera kuCCC uye nemakumbo emakumbo.
Kwete kusvuta kunofanidza kuchinja mararamiro ehupenyu hweHIVV uye kuwedzera njodzi dzezvirwere izvi zvose, zvinosanganisira kuwandisa kwemararamiro aya mune vanhu vane HIV-nepamusoro pekuwedzera kwemazana gumi nematatu muhutano hwekenza yemukomana mumadzimai uye kuwedzera kwemazana makumi mana muhutano hwekenza yemunhu muSMSM kana ichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu veUnited States.
Uyezve, mukana wekuwedzera zviratidzo zveHIVV (semuenzaniso, zvipembenene zvakakonzerwa, zvipembenene zvinotanga kusangana nekenza) zvinoratidzika kuwedzererwa nekusvuta kune vanhu vane HIV. Chidzidzo che2013 kubva kuvatsvakurudzi veYunivhesiti yeWashington muSeattle chakaratidza kuti panogona kunge yakakwirira sekuwedzera katatu muHIVV kuwana kune MSM inotapukirwa nehutachiona hweHIV iyo inopisa kune MSM inotapukirwa neHIV isina kumboputa.
5. Kusvuta Kunowedzera Ngozi yekupedza HIV kune Mwana Wako
Izvo zvose munyika dzakagadziridzwa uye dzichiri kusimukira, kupindira kwezvokurapa kunodzivirira kutapurirwa kweHIV kuenda kumwana (PMTCT) kwave kwakanyanyisa kubudirira.
MuUnited States, chiitiko chacho chakakwira kumativi anenge 100 matsva gore negore, kunyange kunyange kuSouth Africa-nyika ine nhamba yepamusoro yeHIV mune dzimwe nyika-takaona kuwedzera kwehuwandu hudonhera kubva pamakumi matatu kubva muzana kutanga kwe PMTCT muna 2001 kusvika kune 2.7 muzana chete muna 2010.
Zvisinei, kubudirira kunoonekwa pahuwandu hwevanhu hakurevi izvo zvinoitika kune mumwe munhu kana amai vane HIV vane tsvina. Tsvakurudzo yakawanda yakaitwa nevatsvakurudzi veMamai uye Infants Cohort Yokudzidza (makore mana, chidzidzo chakaitwa muBrooklyn neBronx, New York) chakaongorora zvinorehwa nekuputa muhutachiona hweHIV husati hwavapo.
Zvavakawana ndezvokuti vanaamai vane pamuviri vane HIV vaidha mushure mokunge vatatu vekutanga vawedzera katatu mukana wekuendesa HIV kune vacheche kana vachienzaniswa nevamwe vasina kusvuta mushure mokutanga kwemitatu.
Izvozvi kuwedzera kwaibatanidza nekutanga kwemazuva ekuputika kwemukati. Kunyanya mumadzimai vasina kumbobatwa neHIV vasati vasununguka (kana kuti vasina kuwandisa zvakakwana simba rehutachiona pavanenge vachirapwa), kuputsika kwakadaro kunogona kuwedzera kukura kwekutapurirwa kumwana asati aberekwa.
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