Nharaunda uye Kupararira kweKenza yeLung muUnited States
Zvichida wakanzwa kuti chirwere chemapapu ndicho chikonzero chinowanzokonzera kufa kwekenza muUnited States uye kuti 1 mu2 varume uye 1 muvatatu vakadzi vachava nekenza muupenyu hwavo hwose. Asi ndeipi mukana wekuti iwe pachako uchava nekenza yemapapu? Zvechokwadi, nhoroondo yekusvuta inokonzera matambudziko, asi kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekenza yemapapfu pane kusvuta.
Ndezvipi zvakafanana neLung Cancer Yose muUnited States ?
Kana uchitaura nezvekenza yemapapu zvakakosha kutanga kutarisa mutsauko wepamupa wemapapu kubva kumakanzura anotanga mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri uye anopararira kumapapu. Kanza yakawanda yakapararira kumapapu, akadai sekenza yemazamu, kenza yemukironi, kenza yeprostate, uye musha wepfungwa. Muchiitiko ichi, kenza ingadai ichinzi kenza yemuviri ipi iyo kenza inotanga mukati, metastatic kumapapu. Semuenzaniso, kenza inotanga muzamu uye gare gare inopararira kumapapu haingatumidzi kenza yemapapu, asi panzvimbo yepamuviri chepachifu chetachiona chepamuviri kumapapu. Ichi chinyorwa chinoreva huwandu hwevanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane kenza yemapapu yekutanga , uye kwete kune avo vane kenza yematenda kumapapu.
MuUnited States, mutanho wemapapu unokonzera kufa kwehutano hwakanyanya kune humwe hupi hwepabonde. Muna 2015 zvinotarisirwa kuti vanhu 221 200 vachava nekenza yemapapu, uye 158 040 vachafa kubva kurwere.
Nengozi yehupenyu hwokuti munhu achave nekenza yemapapu ndeyekutanga muna 13, asi izvozvo kune vakadzi ndeyekutanga muna 1 . Kansa yemaperembudzi inowedzera 13 muzana yevose inorwara chekenza uye 27 muzana yevose vanofa nekenza. Nhamba yehutano hwemapapu emapapu mukati mevarume hwave ichiderera mumakore achangopfuura, asi izvo zvevakadzi zvakaramba zvichigadzikana.
Ivhareji yemakore yekuongororwa kwemukenza wemapapu ine 72, asi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi, chiitiko chekenza yemapapu mudiki, kusambosvuta kusikana kwakanyanya kuwedzera mumakore achangopfuura.
Ndezvipi zvakafanana neLung Cancer Munyika Yose?
Munyika yose, kenza yemapapu ndiyo inowanzozivikanwa nekenza, ine vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 1.8 vakaonekwa kuti muna 2012 (gore rapera iro tine nhamba dzinowanika.) Kusvuta ndiro chinokonzera chirwere chemapapu mumarume munyika yose, asi 50 muzana vakadzi vane chirwere chemapapu pasi rose havana kumbobvira voputa.
Ndezvipi Zvakafanana neLung Cancer Muvanhu Vanosvuta?
Kusvuta zviri pachena kuti chinokonzerwa nekenza yemapapu uye inofungidzirwa kuti inobatsira makumi mapfumbamwe emaperembudzi emapapu akaonekwa muUnited States. Dambudziko rinowedzera nehuwandu hwekutsvuta huwandu nehuwandu hunopfungaira zuva rega rega, chimwe chinhu chinonzi "pack-years" yekutsvuta . Kurega kusvuta kunoderedza ngozi, uye kurega mushure mekuonekwa kwekenza yemapapu kunovandudza kupona uye hupenyu hwehupenyu.
Pane zvishoma kudarika kuparadzanisa mhanho yemapapu emapapu pakati pevasvuta nevasina kusvuta muU.S., asi zvidzidzo kune dzimwe nyika vakaongorora izvi mune zvimwe zvakadzama.
Muna 2006 kuEurope kuongorora, njodzi yekuve nekenza yemapapu yaiva:
- 0,2 muzana yevarume vasina kumboputa (0,4 muzana yevakadzi)
- 5.5 muzana yevarume vaimbova vachema (2.6 muzana yevakadzi)
- 15,9 muzana yevarume vemazuva ano vanoputa (9,5 muzana yevakadzi)
- 24,4 muzana yevarume "vanoputa zvinorema" vanotsanangurwa sekusvuta kupfuura 5 fodya pazuva (18.5 muzana yevakadzi)
Imwe yepakutanga kuCanada yakabvunzurudza dambudziko rehupenyu hwevarume vanoputa pa17,2 muzana (11,6 muvakadzi) zvichienderana ne 1.3 muzana chete muvarume vasina kusvuta (1.4 [muzana mune vakadzi vasina kusvuta].
Ndezvipi zvakakosha kuLung Cancer muNew-Smokers?
Imwe yepamusoro gumi yemakenza emapapu emapapu ndeyekuti kenza yemapapu inowanzoitika kune vanhu vanobvuta.
Icho hachisi chokwadi. Zvechokwadi, mutanho wemapapu muvanhu vasina kumbobvira voputa uri mumakonzera gumi anokonzera kufa kwekenza muUnited States. Penguva ino, vazhinji vevanhu vakaonekwa nevasina kusvuta-kureva kuti vanga voputa munguva yakapfuura uye kurega (vaimbova vachema,) kana kusambosvuta.
Zvose 10-15 kubva muzana yevanhu vanova nekenza yemapapu havana kumbobvira voputa, uye makumi maviri kubva muzana yevakadzi vane cancer yemapapu ndevamwe vasati vasvuta. Iri ndiro pfungwa inokosha zvikuru: ani naani ane mapapu anogona kuwana menza yemapapu. Tarisa zvimwe zvechikonzero chemukenza wemapapu mune vasiri vese , kunyanya kuipa kwekubuda kwehadhioni mumusha , kuona zvaungaita kuti udzikise ngozi yako.
Ndezvipi Zvakawanda Zvokurwisana Nevanorwara Kanzera Ikoko muUnited States?
Kubva munaJanuary 1, 2014, paiva nevarwi vanokwana 430 090 vanopinda mumapapu emapapu vanogara muUnited States, vachimirira 3 muzana yevakadzi vane kenza uye 3 muzana yevarume vane kenza. Mumakore mashomanana adarika, kufambira mberi kwakakonzerwa mune zvose kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwemukenza wemapapu, uye zvinotarisira kuti nhamba yevanhu vachararama nekugara kunze kwekenza yemapapu ichavandudza zvikuru munguva yemberi iri mberi.
> Sources:
> America Cancer Society. Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Facts and Figures 2014-2015. Yakasvika 08/19/15. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-042801.pdf
> America Cancer Society. Chirwere cheLung Cancer (Kwete-Small Cell). Updated 03/04/15. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-key-statistics
> Brennan, P. et al. High Cumulative Risk of Lung Cancer Rufu pakati pevasvuta nevatadzi veCentral neEastern Europe. American Journal of Epidemiology . 2006. 164 (12): 1233-1241.
> Villeneuve, P. naU. Mao. Upenyu hwehupenyu hwose hwekuva nekenza yemapapu, nekusvuta fodya, Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health . 1994. 85 (6): 385-8.
> World Cancer Research Fund International. Lung Cancer Statistics. Yakasvika 08/30/15. http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/lung-cancer-statistics